This book addresses the role of religious reformers in the development of poor relief in the sixteenth century. During the Reformation, religious leaders served as catalysts, organizers, stabilizers, and consolidators of poor relief programs to alleviate poverty. Although once in line with the religious piety, voluntary poverty was no longer a spiritual virtue for many religious reformers. Rather they imagined social welfare reform to be an integral part of religious reform and worked to modify existing common chests or set up new ones. As crises and migration exacerbated poverty and caused begging to be an increasing concern, Catholic humanists and Protestant reformers moved beyond traditional charity to urge coordination and centralization of a poor relief system. For example, Martin Luther promoted the consolidation of former ecclesiastical property in the poor relief plan for Leisnig in 1523, while Juan Luis Vives devised a new social welfare proposal for Bruges in 1526. In negotiations with magistrates and city councils, reformers helped to shape various local institutions, such hospitals, orphanages, job creation programs, and scholarships for students, as well as to develop new ways of supporting foreigners, strangers, and refugees. Religious leaders contributed to caring for the vulnerable because poverty was a problem too big for any one group or one government to tackle. As religious options multiplied within Christianity, one's understanding of community would determine the boundaries, albeit contested and sometimes fluid, of responsible poor relief"--
Buy a new version of this textbook and receive access to the Connected eBook with Study Center on CasebookConnect, including: lifetime access to the online ebook with highlight, annotation, and search capabilities; practice questions from your favorite study aids; an outline tool and other helpful resources. Connected eBooks provide what you need most to be successful in your law school classes. This book offers a current, and engaging approach to the study of business and business law by combining recent and classic cases, cutting edge topics, and problems-based learning. Reflecting ongoing changes in the structure and regulation of modern business practice, Business Organizations: Cases, Problems, and Context offers a unique combination of doctrine, problems, and case studies. This book utterly avoids frustrating questions that students can't answer and professors don't want to spend class time answering. Recent, high-interest cases are balanced against classic teaching chestnuts. Brief, innovative problems are used throughout. Recent Delaware Supreme Court decisions and a collaborative community of users support a clear and sustained examination of the role and purview of the law in business transactions. New to the Fifth Edition: New introductory chapter discussing the implications of emerging technologies, environmental and sustainability trends, and stakeholderism on business law New textual coverage of corporate board diversity, increased virtual shareholder meetings in the Covid-19 pandemic, and resurgence of Caremark claims Additions of new cases, including Marchand v. Barnhill, AmerisourceBergen Corp. v. Lebanon County Employees' Retirement Fund, and In Re Williams Companies Stockholder Litigation Shorter cases, and the case studies from prior editions pulled into a separate volume Professors and students will benefit from: an engaging introductory chapter that introduces how emerging technologies (blockchain, smart contracts, and artificial intelligence) and sustainability goals are transforming the organization and governance of business entities a discriminating selection of fresh cases and classics in-depth coverage of how the law applies to modern business structures (such as joint ventures, venture capital arrangements, franchises, and new limited liability business forms) as well as growth industries short problems after selected topics give students practice applying the legal principles covered in that section hybrid entities treated in detail, including a separate chapter on limited liability companies a companion volume of case studies styled on the B-school model that provide opportunities for in-depth analysis of the law in business transactions
From 1901 to 1937, the lone engine of the Delaware Valley Railway chugged up and down its solitary track, from the Stroudsburgs to Bushkill. It was a time of heady prospects as the resorts of the Delaware Water Gap pushed north up the valley. Modest farmhouses became vacation boardinghouses, and some then blossomed into grand hotels. The railway brought in vacationers by the carload, but it was not just about tourism. The dinkey hauled in coal for winter heat and hauled out lumber, dairy, and farm produce that kept the farmers in cash. Farm children commuted to town to earn their high school degrees. For more than a generation, the dinkey's whistle blowing over the valley linked its people and places"--Page [4] of cover.
Because the EU depends on a very small number of external suppliers for its natural gas, energy security issues inevitably arise. In theory, competition law should regulate and adjudicate such issues. Yet, because contracts between EU companies and producers are highly sensitive and politically charged, the application of EU competition law to natural gas contracts is far from clear. This important book, drawing on ECJ case law, Commission administrative cases and inquiries, and the full range of relevant legal and economic theory, provides an extremely valuable and detailed study of how EU competition law can be applied to long-term natural gas capacity reservation and commodity contracts. Issues and topics such as the following arise in the course of the analysis: Third Gas Market Directive provisions; Article 102 TFEU cases on strategic under-investment; pre-liberation or "legacy" gas contracts (e.g., with Algeria and Russia); "right of first refusal"; take-or-pay requirement; third-party access; ownership unbundling; effect of elimination of priority access regimes; short-term trading; spot markets; and law and economics of vertical restraints. Focusing on the foreclosing effect of long-term upstream commodity contracts, the author recommends restrictions on the use of capacity reservation contracts, and analyses the efficacy of security of supply as a competition law defence in cases relating to such contracts.
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