AfterasurveypaperbyUtkininthelate1970s,slidingmodecontrolmeth- ologies emerged as an e?ective tool to tackle uncertainty and disturbances which are inevitable in most of the practical systems. Sliding mode control is a particular class of variable structure control which was introduced by Emel’yanov and his colleagues. The design paradigms of sliding mode c- trol has now become a mature design technique for the design of robust c- troller of uncertain system. In sliding mode technique, the state trajectory of the system is constrained on a chosen manifold (or within some neighb- hood thereof) by an appropriatecontrolaction. This manifold is also called a switching surface or a sliding surface. During sliding mode, system dynamics is governed by the chosen manifold which results in a well celebrated inva- ance property towards certain classes of disturbance and model mismatches. The purpose of this monograph is to give a di?erent dimension to sl- ing surface design to achieve high performance of the system. Design of the switching surface is vital because the closed loop dynamics is governed by the parameters of the sliding surface. Therefore sliding surface should be - signed to meet the closed loop speci?cations. Many systems demand high performance with robustness. To address this issue of achieving high perf- mance with robustness, we propose nonlinear surfaces for di?erent classes of systems. The nonlinear surface is designed such that it changes the system’s closed-loop damping ratio from its initial low value to a ?nal high value.
This book contains an in-depth overview of the current state of the recently emerged and rapidly growing theory of Gnk groups, picture-valued invariants, and braids for arbitrary manifolds. Equivalence relations arising in low-dimensional topology and combinatorial group theory inevitably lead to the study of invariants, and good invariants should be strong and apparent. An interesting case of such invariants is picture-valued invariants, whose values are not algebraic objects, but geometrical constructions, like graphs or polyhedra.In 2015, V O Manturov defined a two-parametric family of groups Gnk and formulated the following principle: if dynamical systems describing a motion of n particles possess a nice codimension 1 property governed by exactly k particles then these dynamical systems possess topological invariants valued in Gnk.The book is devoted to various realisations and generalisations of this principle in the broad sense. The groups Gnk have many epimorphisms onto free products of cyclic groups; hence, invariants constructed from them are powerful enough and easy to compare. However, this construction does not work when we try to deal with points on a 2-surface, since there may be infinitely many geodesics passing through two points. That leads to the notion of another family of groups — Γnk, which give rise to braids on arbitrary manifolds yielding invariants of arbitrary manifolds.
This new edition provides an updated approach for students, engineers, and researchers to apply numerical methods for solving problems using MATLAB® This accessible book makes use of MATLAB® software to teach the fundamental concepts for applying numerical methods to solve practical engineering and/or science problems. It presents programs in a complete form so that readers can run them instantly with no programming skill, allowing them to focus on understanding the mathematical manipulation process and making interpretations of the results. Applied Numerical Methods Using MATLAB®, Second Edition begins with an introduction to MATLAB usage and computational errors, covering everything from input/output of data, to various kinds of computing errors, and on to parameter sharing and passing, and more. The system of linear equations is covered next, followed by a chapter on the interpolation by Lagrange polynomial. The next sections look at interpolation and curve fitting, nonlinear equations, numerical differentiation/integration, ordinary differential equations, and optimization. Numerous methods such as the Simpson, Euler, Heun, Runge-kutta, Golden Search, Nelder-Mead, and more are all covered in those chapters. The eighth chapter provides readers with matrices and Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. The book finishes with a complete overview of differential equations. Provides examples and problems of solving electronic circuits and neural networks Includes new sections on adaptive filters, recursive least-squares estimation, Bairstow's method for a polynomial equation, and more Explains Mixed Integer Linear Programing (MILP) and DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation with eigenvectors Aimed at students who do not like and/or do not have time to derive and prove mathematical results Applied Numerical Methods Using MATLAB®, Second Edition is an excellent text for students who wish to develop their problem-solving capability without being involved in details about the MATLAB codes. It will also be useful to those who want to delve deeper into understanding underlying algorithms and equations.
This book is written for aerospace engineers who have completed their BS degree and are interested in the design and analysis of rocket attitude control systems. It introduces a new approach to the design, characterized by its robustness. Current LV attitude control systems are designed based on classical SISO control theory, and they lack robustness. The theory used here truly offers a technique that enables us to design control systems that are reasonably insensitive to math modeling errors and can withstand disturbances such as gust, and in addition it doesn’t need external states estimator, such as Kalman filtering. Extensive simulation results, which demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, are presented in this book. Basic rocket theory and a concept of H-infinity control system design technique are explained for those who are new in these fields of study.
This monograph contains a number of problems with signal detection theory, presenting a generalized observation model for signal detection problems. The model includes several interesting and common special cases, such as those describing additive noise, multiplicative noise and signal-dependent noise.
An up-to-date account of the current techniques and results in Simplicity Theory, which has been a focus of research in model theory for the last decade. Suitable for logicians, mathematicians and graduate students working on model theory.
Due to recent theoretical findings and advances in statistical computing, there has been a rapid development of techniques and applications in the area of missing data analysis. Statistical Methods for Handling Incomplete Data covers the most up-to-date statistical theories and computational methods for analyzing incomplete data. Suitable for graduate students and researchers in statistics, the book presents thorough treatments of: Statistical theories of likelihood-based inference with missing data Computational techniques and theories on imputation Methods involving propensity score weighting, nonignorable missing data, longitudinal missing data, survey sampling, and statistical matching Assuming prior experience with statistical theory and linear models, the text uses the frequentist framework with less emphasis on Bayesian methods and nonparametric methods. It includes many examples to help readers understand the methodologies. Some of the research ideas introduced can be developed further for specific applications.
This book presents an introduction to the principles of the fast Fourier transform. This book covers FFTs, frequency domain filtering, and applications to video and audio signal processing. As fields like communications, speech and image processing, and related areas are rapidly developing, the FFT as one of essential parts in digital signal processing has been widely used. Thus there is a pressing need from instructors and students for a book dealing with the latest FFT topics. This book provides thorough and detailed explanation of important or up-to-date FFTs. It also has adopted modern approaches like MATLAB examples and projects for better understanding of diverse FFTs.
Understand the fundamental principles and applications of ambient backscatter technology with this authoritative review. Covering both theory and practical engineering, leading researchers describe and explain hardware design, network design, and signal processing, and discuss architectures, protocols, communication methods, open research issues, emerging applications, and advanced system models with innovative solutions. This is an essential tool for graduate students, researchers, engineers, developers, and entrepreneurs.
Intelligent systems of the natural kind are adaptive and robust: they learn over time and degrade gracefully under stress. If artificial systems are to display a similar level of sophistication, an organizing framework and operating principles are required to manage the resulting complexity of design and behavior. This book presents a general framework for adaptive systems. The utility of the comprehensive framework is demonstrated by tailoring it to particular models of computational learning, ranging from neural networks to declarative logic. The key to robustness lies in distributed decision making. An exemplar of this strategy is the neural network in both its biological and synthetic forms. In a neural network, the knowledge is encoded in the collection of cells and their linkages, rather than in any single component. Distributed decision making is even more apparent in the case of independent agents. For a population of autonomous agents, their proper coordination may well be more instrumental for attaining their objectives than are their individual capabilities. This book probes the problems and opportunities arising from autonomous agents acting individually and collectively. Following the general framework for learning systems and its application to neural networks, the coordination of independent agents through game theory is explored. Finally, the utility of game theory for artificial agents is revealed through a case study in robotic coordination. Given the universality of the subjects -- learning behavior and coordinative strategies in uncertain environments -- this book will be of interest to students and researchers in various disciplines, ranging from all areas of engineering to the computing disciplines; from the life sciences to the physical sciences; and from the management arts to social studies.
The first part of this two-part work is intended as an introduction to the fundamentals, while the second part discusses applications from the point of view of the researcher. Lively illustrations and informative tables, an overview at the beginning of each chapter and exercises with solutions make this book a valuable resource.
This text was born out of an advanced mathematical economics seminar at Caltech in 1989-90. We realized that the typical graduate student in mathematical economics has to be familiar with a vast amount of material that spans several traditional fields in mathematics. Much of the mate rial appears only in esoteric research monographs that are designed for specialists, not for the sort of generalist that our students need be. We hope that in a small way this text will make the material here accessible to a much broader audience. While our motivation is to present and orga nize the analytical foundations underlying modern economics and finance, this is a book of mathematics, not of economics. We mention applications to economics but present very few of them. They are there to convince economists that the material has so me relevance and to let mathematicians know that there are areas of application for these results. We feel that this text could be used for a course in analysis that would benefit math ematicians, engineers, and scientists. Most of the material we present is available elsewhere, but is scattered throughout a variety of sources and occasionally buried in obscurity. Some of our results are original (or more likely, independent rediscoveries). We have included some material that we cannot honestly say is neces sary to understand modern economic theory, but may yet prove useful in future research.
This book contains contributions by an impressive list of leading mathematicians. The articles include high-level survey and research papers exploring contemporary issues in geometric analysis, differential geometry, and several complex variables. Many of the articles will provide graduate students with a good entry point into important areas of modern research. The material is intended for researchers and graduate students interested in several complex variables and complex geometry.
An important consideration in improving the performance of a distributed computer system is the balancing of the load between the host computers. Load balancing may be either static or dynamic; static balancing strategies are generally based on information about the system's average behavior rather than its actual current state, while dynamic strategies react to the current state when making transfer decisions. Although it is often conjectured that dynamic load balancing outperforms static, careful investigation shows that this view is not always valid. Recent research on the problem of optimal static load balancing is clearly and intuitively presented, with coverage of distributed computer system models, problem formulation in load balancing, and effective algorithms for implementing optimization. Providing a thorough understanding of both static and dynamic strategies, this book will be of interest to all researchers and practitioners working to optimize performance in distributed computer systems.
Featuring translations of terms from Korean, Chinese and Japanese this dictionary is a must have for any serious martial arts practitioner. The modern martial artist requires more than a mere vocabulary listing. The modern practitioner wants an in–depth exploration not only of the equivalency of meaning but also the cultural and historical background of the terms relevant to the martial arts. To answer that need, this dictionary includes: Over 7,100 of the most important martial arts terms in Korean, Cantonese, Mandarin, Japanese, and Okinawan Full description of techniques Weapons Styles Martial Arts Masters This martial arts dictionary is a must have for every martial arts student. With its culturally relevant terminology, this book includes everything to satisfy both traditional purists and eclectic practitioners. As this is the combined work of four separate compilers, each a specialist in a region's language and martial arts, this is in fact four dictionaries in one. Each compiler's expertise contributes to the consistent high quality and linguistic accuracy throughout.
This book presents a comprehensive theory on glide-symmetric topological crystalline insulators. Beginning with developing a theory of topological phase transitions between a topological and trivial phase, it derives a formula for topological invariance in a glide-symmetric topological phase when inversion symmetry is added into a system. It also shows that the addition of inversion symmetry drastically simplifies the formula, providing insights into this topological phase, and proposes potential implementations. Lastly, based on the above results, the author establishes a way to design topological photonic crystals. Allowing readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the glide-symmetric topological crystalline insulators, the book offers a way to produce such a topological phase in various physical systems, such as electronic and photonic systems, in the future.
Most available books on computational electrodynamics are focused on FDTD, FEM, or other specific technique developed in microwave engineering. In contrast, Fourier Modal Method and Its Applications in Computational Nanophotonics is a complete guide to the principles and detailed mathematics of the up-to-date Fourier modal method of optical analysis. It takes readers through the implementation of MATLAB® codes for practical modeling of well-known and promising nanophotonic structures. The authors also address the limitations of the Fourier modal method. Features Provides a comprehensive guide to the principles, methods, and mathematics of the Fourier modal method Explores the emerging field of computational nanophotonics Presents clear, step-by-step, practical explanations on how to use the Fourier modal method for photonics and nanophotonics applications Includes the necessary MATLAB codes, enabling readers to construct their own code Using this book, graduate students and researchers can learn about nanophotonics simulations through a comprehensive treatment of the mathematics underlying the Fourier modal method and examples of practical problems solved with MATLAB codes.
The fundamental physics of metallic magnetism is not yet satisfactorily understood and continues to be interesting. For instance, although the detail is yet to be clarified, magnetism is anticipated to be playing a principal role in producing the high Tc superconductivity of the oxides. This book has two major objectives. First, it intends to provide an introduction to magnetism of metals in a broad sense. Besides pursuing the mechanism of metallic magnetism itself, it attempts to fmd and actively analyze magnetic causes hidden hitherto unnoticed behind various physical phenomena. My foremost goal is to expose the fundamental role played by phonons in the mechanism of metallic magnetism. I demonstrate how such a view also helps to elucidate a broad spectrum of other observations. The second objective is to concisely introduce the standard many-body points of view and techniques necessary in studying solid physics in general. The book is intended to be self-contained and starts with Chapter I containing a brief summary on the rudiments of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics including the method of second quantization. In the same spirit, the foundation of magnetism in general is summarized in Chapter 2 and that for metals in particular, the Stoner theory, in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, various linear responses of metallic electrons are systematically discussed with emphasis on the role of magnetism in them.
Beyond simulation and algorithm development, many developers increasingly use MATLAB even for product deployment in computationally heavy fields. This often demands that MATLAB codes run faster by leveraging the distributed parallelism of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). While MATLAB successfully provides high-level functions as a simulation tool for rapid prototyping, the underlying details and knowledge needed for utilizing GPUs make MATLAB users hesitate to step into it. Accelerating MATLAB with GPUs offers a primer on bridging this gap. Starting with the basics, setting up MATLAB for CUDA (in Windows, Linux and Mac OS X) and profiling, it then guides users through advanced topics such as CUDA libraries. The authors share their experience developing algorithms using MATLAB, C++ and GPUs for huge datasets, modifying MATLAB codes to better utilize the computational power of GPUs, and integrating them into commercial software products. Throughout the book, they demonstrate many example codes that can be used as templates of C-MEX and CUDA codes for readers' projects. Download example codes from the publisher's website: http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780124080805/ - Shows how to accelerate MATLAB codes through the GPU for parallel processing, with minimal hardware knowledge - Explains the related background on hardware, architecture and programming for ease of use - Provides simple worked examples of MATLAB and CUDA C codes as well as templates that can be reused in real-world projects
MIMO-OFDM is a key technology for next-generation cellular communications (3GPP-LTE, Mobile WiMAX, IMT-Advanced) as well as wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11n), wireless PAN (MB-OFDM), and broadcasting (DAB, DVB, DMB). In MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB®, the authors provide a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of wireless channel modeling, OFDM, and MIMO, using MATLAB® programs to simulate the various techniques on MIMO-OFDM systems. One of the only books in the area dedicated to explaining simulation aspects Covers implementation to help cement the key concepts Uses materials that have been classroom-tested in numerous universities Provides the analytic solutions and practical examples with downloadable MATLAB® codes Simulation examples based on actual industry and research projects Presentation slides with key equations and figures for instructor use MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB® is a key text for graduate students in wireless communications. Professionals and technicians in wireless communication fields, graduate students in signal processing, as well as senior undergraduates majoring in wireless communications will find this book a practical introduction to the MIMO-OFDM techniques. Instructor materials and MATLAB® code examples available for download at www.wiley.com/go/chomimo
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Workshop on Digital Watermarking, IWDW 2002, held in Seoul, Korea in November 2002. The 19 revised full papers presented together with two invited papers were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement from 64 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on fundamentals, new algorithms, watermarking unusual content, fragile watermarking, robust watermarking, and adaptive watermarking.
The study of noncommutative rings is a major area in modern algebra. The structure theory of noncommutative rings was originally concerned with three parts: The study of semi-simple rings; the study of radical rings; and the construction of rings with given radical and semi-simple factor rings. Recently, this has extended to many new parts: The zero-divisor theory, containing the study of coefficients of zero-dividing polynomials and the study of annihilators over noncommutative rings, that is related to the KAthe''s conjecture; the study of nil rings and Jacobson rings; the study of applying ring-theoretic properties to modules; representation theory; the study of relations between algebraic and concepts of other branches (for example, analytic and topological), etc. Thus, noncommutative rings are ubiquitous in mathematics, and occur in numerous sciences. This volume consists of a collection of original articles refereed by world experts that was presented at the Sixth ChinaOCoJapanOCoKorea International Conference on Ring Theory. These articles exhibit new ideas, tools and techniques needed for successful research and investigation in noncommutative ring theory, and show the trend of current research. It is a useful resource book for beginners and advanced experts in ring theory.
This textbook provides an introduction to the study of digital signal processing, employing a top-to-bottom structure to motivate the reader, a graphical approach to the solution of the signal processing mathematics, and extensive use of MATLAB. In contrast to the conventional teaching approach, the book offers a top-down approach which first introduces students to digital filter design, provoking questions about the mathematical tools required. The following chapters provide answers to these questions, introducing signals in the discrete domain, Fourier analysis, filters in the time domain and the Z-transform. The author introduces the mathematics in a conceptual manner with figures to illustrate the physical meaning of the equations involved. Chapter six builds on these concepts and discusses advanced filter design, and chapter seven discusses matters of practical implementation. This book introduces the corresponding MATLAB functions and programs in every chapter with examples, and the final chapter introduces the actual real-time filter from MATLAB. Aimed primarily at undergraduate students in electrical and electronic engineering, this book enables the reader to implement a digital filter using MATLAB.
Energy Balance Climate Models Written by renowned experts in the field, this first book to focus exclusively on energy balance climate models provides a concise overview of the topic. It covers all major aspects, from the simplest zero-dimensional models, proceeding to horizontally and vertically resolved models. The text begins with global average models, which are explored in terms of their elementary forms yielding the global average temperature, right up to the incorporation of feedback mechanisms and some analytical properties of interest. The eff ect of stochastic forcing is then used to introduce natural variability in the models before turning to the concept of stability theory. Other one dimensional or zonally averaged models are subsequently presented, along with various applications, including chapters on paleoclimatology, the inception of continental glaciations, detection of signals in the climate system, and optimal estimation of large scale quantities from point scale data. Throughout the book, the authors work on two mathematical levels: qualitative physical expositions of the subject material plus optional mathematical sections that include derivations and treatments of the equations along with some proofs of stability theorems. A must-have introduction for policy makers, environmental agencies, and NGOs, as well as climatologists, molecular physicists, and meteorologists.
This second edition of the popular Soil Sampling, Preparation, and Analysis provides a hands-on guide to the methods most commonly used in modern soil laboratories around the world, illustrating the methods with actual results. Divided into three sections, the book covers principles of soil sampling and sources of errors and variability of results, common procedures for extraction and analysis in soil plant testing, and instrumentation. The author added three new chapters on soil and plant test methods, electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. He has extensively revised, updated, and expanded all of the other chapters to reflect recent advances and shifting interests in the field.
Proof techniques in cryptography are very difficult to understand, even for students or researchers who major in cryptography. In addition, in contrast to the excessive emphases on the security proofs of the cryptographic schemes, practical aspects of them have received comparatively less attention. This book addresses these two issues by providing detailed, structured proofs and demonstrating examples, applications and implementations of the schemes, so that students and practitioners may obtain a practical view of the schemes. Seong Oun Hwang is a professor in the Department of Computer Engineering and director of Artificial Intelligence Security Research Center, Gachon University, Korea. He received the Ph.D. degree in computer science from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Korea. His research interests include cryptography, cybersecurity, networks, and machine learning. Intae Kim is an associate research fellow at the Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology, University of Wollongong, Australia. He received the Ph.D. degree in electronics and computer engineering from Hongik University, Korea. His research interests include cryptography, cybersecurity, and networks. Wai Kong Lee is an assistant professor in UTAR (University Tunku Abdul Rahman), Malaysia. He received the Ph.D. degree in engineering from UTAR, Malaysia. In between 2009 – 2012, he served as an R&D engineer in several multinational companies including Agilent Technologies (now known as Keysight) in Malaysia. His research interests include cryptography engineering, GPU computing, numerical algorithms, Internet of Things (IoT) and energy harvesting.
This book is formulated from the papers presented at the International Symposium on "Membrane Biochemistry and Bioenergetics," held at the Rensselaerville Institute, Rensselaerville, New York, August 1986, in honor of Tsoo E. King on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of reconstitution of arespiratory chain system by Professor David Keilin and Tsoo E. King. Professor Tsoo E. King, to whom this volume is dedicated, has made enormous contributions to the field of isolation and reconstitution of membrane proteins and has continued to explore the frontiers of bioener getics. In particular, his persistent proposals on the existence of ubiquinone binding proteins from conceptualization to experimentation eventually convinced many scientists to study these proteins further . Professor King's preparation of reconstitutively active succinate dehydrogenase opened a new avenue in the fie1d of membrane bioenergetics, and his work has been greatly appreciated. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together scientists from diverse disciplines related to membrane bioenergetics to discuss the recent developments in the field. This symposium, initiated by the Capital District Bioenergetics Group, was attended by 100 scientists, 80 of whom presented their recent discoveries. The symposium was arranged in a sequence of platform lectures, poster presentations and discussion sessions so that all the participants had opportunities to discuss the subjects presented. Most of the participants contributed a chapter to this volume. We would like to express our regret to many other scientists including Professor King's friends, colleagues and students who could not attend due to various reasons.
LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench) developed by National Instruments is a graphical programming environment. Its ease of use allows engineers and students to streamline the creation of code visually, leaving time traditionally spent on debugging for true comprehension of DSP. This book is perfect for practicing engineers, as well as hardware and software technical managers who are familiar with DSP and are involved in system-level design. With this text, authors Kehtarnavaz and Kim have also provided a valuable resource for students in conventional engineering courses. The integrated lab exercises create an interactive experience which supports development of the hands-on skills essential for learning to navigate the LabVIEW program. Digital Signal Processing System-Level Design Using LabVIEW is a comprehensive tool that will greatly accelerate the DSP learning process. Its thorough examination of LabVIEW leaves no question unanswered. LabVIEW is the program that will demystify DSP and this is the book that will show you how to master it.* A graphical programming approach (LabVIEW) to DSP system-level design* DSP implementation of appropriate components of a LabVIEW designed system* Providing system-level, hands-on experiments for DSP lab or project courses
Promptly growing demand for telecommunication services and information interchange has led to the fact that communication became one of the most dynamical branches of an infrastructure of a modern society. The book introduces to the bases of classical MDP theory; problems of a finding optimal САС in models are investigated and various problems of improvement of characteristics of traditional and multimedia wireless communication networks are considered together with both classical and new methods of theory MDP which allow defining optimal strategy of access in teletraffic systems. The book will be useful to specialists in the field of telecommunication systems and also to students and post-graduate students of corresponding specialties.
Database marketing is at the crossroads of technology, business strategy, and customer relationship management. Enabled by sophisticated information and communication systems, today’s organizations have the capacity to analyze customer data to inform and enhance every facet of the enterprise—from branding and promotion campaigns to supply chain management to employee training to new product development. Based on decades of collective research, teaching, and application in the field, the authors present the most comprehensive treatment to date of database marketing, integrating theory and practice. Presenting rigorous models, methodologies, and techniques (including data collection, field testing, and predictive modeling), and illustrating them through dozens of examples, the authors cover the full spectrum of principles and topics related to database marketing. "This is an excellent in-depth overview of both well-known and very recent topics in customer management models. It is an absolute must for marketers who want to enrich their knowledge on customer analytics." (Peter C. Verhoef, Professor of Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen) "A marvelous combination of relevance and sophisticated yet understandable analytical material. It should be a standard reference in the area for many years." (Don Lehmann, George E. Warren Professor of Business, Columbia Business School) "The title tells a lot about the book's approach—though the cover reads, "database," the content is mostly about customers and that's where the real-world action is. Most enjoyable is the comprehensive story – in case after case – which clearly explains what the analysis and concepts really mean. This is an essential read for those interested in database marketing, customer relationship management and customer optimization." (Richard Hochhauser, President and CEO, Harte-Hanks, Inc.) "In this tour de force of careful scholarship, the authors canvass the ever expanding literature on database marketing. This book will become an invaluable reference or text for anyone practicing, researching, teaching or studying the subject." (Edward C. Malthouse, Theodore R. and Annie Laurie Sills Associate Professor of Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern University)
Over the last fifty years advanced mathematical tools have become an integral part in the development of modern economic theory. Economists continue to invoke sophisticated mathematical techniques and ideas in order to understand complex economic and social problems. In the last ten years the theory of Riesz spaces (vector lattices) has been successfully applied to economic theory. By now it is understood relatively well that the lattice structure of Riesz spaces can be employed to capture and interpret several economic notions. On April 16-20, 1990, a small conference on Riesz Spaces, Positive Opera tors, and their Applications to Economics took place at the California Institute of Technology. The purpose of the conference was to bring mathematicians special ized in Riesz Spaces and economists specialized in General Equilibrium together to exchange ideas and advance the interdisciplinary cooperation between math ematicians and economists. This volume is a collection of papers that represent the talks and discussions of the participants at the week-long conference. We take this opportunity to thank all the participants of the conference, especially those whose articles are contained in this volume. We also greatly ap preciate the financial support provided by the California Institute of Technology. In particular, we express our sincerest thanks to David Grether, John Ledyard, and David Wales for their support. Finally, we would like to thank Susan Davis, Victoria Mason, and Marge D'Elia who handled the delicate logistics for the smooth running of the confer ence.
Chu Hsi (1130-1200) exerted a lasting influence on the thought and life of the Chinese in subsequent cent. The core of his synthesis was moral and social philosophy, but it also included knowledge about the natural world. His doctrine of ke-wu (invest. of things) made him mindful of the specialized knowledged in such "scientific" traditions as astronomy, harmonics, med., etc. This study of Chu Hsi's thought gives a systematic account of the basic concepts of his natural philosophy. Also discusses Chu Hsi's actual knowledge about the natural world. And examines the relation between Chu Hsi and Chinese "scientific" traditions and compares his natural knowledge with that of the Western scientific tradition.
Learn the secrets of soil chemistry and its role in agriculture and the environment. Examine the fundamental laws of soil chemistry, how they affect dissolution, cation and anion exchange, and other reactions. Explore how water can form water-bridges and hydrogen bonding, the most common forces in adsorption, chelation, and more. Discover how electrical charges develop in soils creating electrochemical potentials forcing ions to move into the plant body through barriers such as root membranes, nourishing crops and plants. You can do all this and more with Principles of Soil Chemistry, Fourth Edition. Since the first edition published in 1982, this resource has made a name for itself as a textbook for upper level undergraduates and as a handy reference for professionals and scientists. This fourth edition reexamines the entire reach of soil chemistry while maintaining the clear, concise style that made previous editions so user-friendly. By completely revising, updating, and incorporating a decade’s worth of new information, author Kim Tan has made this edition an entirely new and better book. See what's new in the Fourth Edition Reexamines atoms as the smallest particle that will enter into chemical reactions by probing new advances testifying the presence of subatomic particles and concepts such as string theory Underscores oxygen as the key element in soil air and atmosphere for life on earth Reevaluates the idea of transformation of orthoclase into albite by simple cation exchange reactions as misleading and bending scientific concepts of ion exchange over the limit of truth Examines the role of fertilizers, sulfur, pyrite, acid rain, and nitrogen fixation in soil acidity, underscoring the controversial effect of nitrification on increasing soil acidity over time Addresses the old and new approaches to humic acids by comparing the traditional operational concept against the currently proposed supramolecular and pseudomicellar concept Proposes soil organics, such as nucleic acids of DNA and others, to also adsorb cation ions held as diffusive ion clouds around the polymers Tan explains, in easy and simple language, the chemical make-up of the four soil constituents, their chemical reactions and interactions in soils as governed by basic chemical laws, and their importance in agriculture, industry, and the environment. He differentiates soil chemistry from geochemistry and physical chemistry. Containing more than 200 equations, 123 figures, and 38 tables, this popular text and resource supplies a comprehensive treatment of soil chemistry that builds a foundation for work in environmental pollution, organic and inorganic soil contamination, and potential ecological health and environmental health risks.
An overview of the main infectious agents and diseases of mice and rats. Indicates the methods used in testing for them. Includes 42 agents for monitoring. Also deals with microbiologic monitoring of immunodeficient animals. Includes viruses, bacteria, mycoplasmas and fungi, and parasites. Each agent's description includes classification and morphology; cultivation; strains; characteristics of infection; geographic distribution; means of spread; morbidity and mortality; control prevention; and test procedures. Extensive bibliography with each agent.
Explores both electrochemistry fundamentals and the applications of oxygen in electrochemical systems. Much of the information is summarized in tables which are accompanied by a list of references to consult for details. Emphasizes fuel cells and metal/air batteries.
This monograph presents the changes in diversity and distribution in time and space of the mammalian fauna in Denmark and adjacent areas throughout the Weichselian glaciation and the Holocene (115–0 kyr BP). In all, 77 terrestrial and marine mammal species have been identified and described in details as regards first and last appearance data, number of dated records and the inferred time range in the Danish/south Scandinavian area. The changes and their possible causes are analyzed and discussed in relation to climate-induced environmental changes as advances and retreats of the ice cap, vegetational succession and changes in land/sea configurations and for the Holocene also island formations and increasing human impact.
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