A historical exploration of scientific disputes on the causation of so-called ‘prion diseases’, this fascinating book covers diseases including Scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). Firstly tracing the twentieth-century history of disease research and biomedicine, the text then focuses on the relations between scientific practice and wider social transformations, before finally building upon the sociologically informed methodological framework. Incisive and thought-provoking, The Social Construction of Disease provides a valuable contribution to that well-established tradition of social history of science, which refers primarily to the theoretical works of the sociology of scientific knowledge.
Carbohydrate antigens on glycoconjugates of mammalian cells play crucial roles in various biological processes and are epitopes recognized by the immune system, as glycobiology has hugely been progressed during the past two decades. The book focuses on sialic acid–based xenoantigenes. In pig to human xenotransplantation, exposure of pig organs to human blood results in hyper acute rejection (HAR), caused by differences in carbohydrate epitopes between human and pig vascular endothelia. Although Gal-antigen as major antigen was eliminated, the remaining non-Gal antigens are considered to be xenoantigens. Sialosyl-Tn or Hanganutziu-Deicher (HD), are non-Gal antigens specific to natural antibodies in human. To overcome rejection responses such as HAR, studies of genes involved in carbohydrate antigens, causing xenoantigenicity, are necessary. Knowledge of pig glycosyltransferases are also useful to apply to xenoantigen masking or identification of the xenoantigenic sialylglycan(s). In the first chapter the screening for pig glycosyltransferase genes for xenoantigens is presented. In the chapter II to IV the cloning, characterization, and investigation of the regulatory mechanism of the pig CMAH gene in NeuGc biosynthesis is shown. Lastly, the effects of an alteration of pig glycosylation patterns on human serum-mediated cytotoxicity, caused by human sialyltransferases including hST6GalNAc IV is presented.
In this partly expository work, a framework is developed for building exotic circle actions of certain classical groups. The authors give general combination theorems for indiscrete isometry groups of hyperbolic space which apply to Fuchsian and limit groups. An abundance of integer-valued subadditive defect-one quasimorphisms on these groups follow as a corollary. The main classes of groups considered are limit and Fuchsian groups. Limit groups are shown to admit large collections of faithful actions on the circle with disjoint rotation spectra. For Fuchsian groups, further flexibility results are proved and the existence of non-geometric actions of free and surface groups is established. An account is given of the extant notions of semi-conjugacy, showing they are equivalent. This book is suitable for experts interested in flexibility of representations, and for non-experts wanting an introduction to group representations into circle homeomorphism groups.
This book outlines the development currently underway in the technology of new media and looks further to examine the unforeseen effects of this phenomenon on our culture, our philosophies, and our spiritual outlook.
This book describes general glycobiology in emphasizing the structures, biosynthesis, glycosylation and distribution of the glycans and xenogenic glycoantigens in eukaryotic cells of mammals including mouse, swine, chimpanzee and human. In the middle, I have focused on topics in xenotransplantation glycobiology and expand descriptions of allogenic and xenoantigenic transplantation to open the dawn in insights into the origin of life. One of the biological diversity, named species diversity, is a phenomenon environmentally adapted from the evolutionary process for long period. The distinct structures of glycans discriminate each organism and are the essential molecular basis of the discrimination and difference between the organisms, giving an incompatibility between the different species. Diversity and variations in carbohydrate chain structures between family, species, kingdoms and domains mark the global pattern and signs of immune self- and non-self recognition. In human, diversity in ABH blood group antigens is observed in human family and this type pattern distinguishes individuals from a pan-family to non-dividable unit of the family. Blood transfusion and organ transplantation are impossible even in the allogenic cross between humans if carbohydrates are ignored. This explains how and how human beings are a lonely existence. ABH-related antibodies induce hemolysis or hyperacute or allograft rejection due to incompatible graft property even between the same species. The incompatibility is an immunologic rejection when the recipient host receives the tissues or organs from the different species of donors, as well-known in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. The immunologic incompatibility between the donor pigs and the recipient human are based on the evolutionary distance between pigs and humans. This distance allows a xenograft rejection between the 2 mammals. Modification or deletion of the specific gene locus for immune rejection on genome of donor animals disrupts the immunological recognition ligands of the donor organs, consequently preventing the immune rejection of the human recipient and xenograft rejection. This book helps undergraduate and graduate students, researcher and professors who are involved in the glycobiology and xenoantigenic biology with recent advances in the xenotransplantation basic and clinic.
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs with no effective vaccine or treatment. The incursion of ASF into Asia and the Pacific region has been a major concern as the region is the major pig production area, which produces over 58 percent of pigs globally (FAOSTAT). The impact of ASF on economies and food security is increasingly worrying. As the disease continues to expand into new territories, preparedness and control activities need to be constantly adjusted to adapt to situations observed in the field that may be contrary to what was expected based on international standards or experiences from other parts of the world. Through various regional and national consultation meetings, affected countries have requested technical relevant technical guidelines for ASF control that are practical especially for smallholder pig farmers in the context of Asia (SO5). This volume is the fourth of the series of the “Guidelines for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in smallholder pig farming in Asia” which outlines the principles of an ASF clean-chain system for smallholder pig producers in Southeast Asia. It provides recommendations on the practical application of good biosecurity management practices combined with traceability in smallholder pig systems necessary for the continued production and supply of commodities along the pork value chain irrespective of the prevailing ASF virus risk situation.
Set in the late 1800s, this well-researched biography takes us into the heart of newly settled Upper Canada, and the rich beginnings of Haliburton County, Ontario. We get a thoughtful and thorough look at the history of the area as we meet Alexander Niven; surveyor, politician, farmer, adventurer, educator, and influential businessman in a blossoming locale. We meet Niven’s contemporaries, who alongside this versatile surveyor, formed and shaped this “back woods” settlement into the beautiful area we are familiar with today. This very informative and entertaining biography will immerse you in the exciting and sometimes trying times of the period, and paint a picture of early settlement in Haliburton County.
»Building Institution« chronicles the expansion of architecture as a profession and discipline in the postmodern era. Kim Förster traces the compelling history of the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies, which was active in New York from 1967 to 1985. Drawing on extensive archival research and oral histories, he constructs a collective biography that details the Institute's diverse roles and the dynamic interplay between research and design, education, culture, and publishing. By exploring the transformation of cultural production into a practice as well as the culturalization and global postmodernization of architecture, the volume contributes significantly to the institutional history of architecture.
This pocket-sized resource provides convenient, portable access to all of the procedures and techniques covered in TEXTBOOK OF SURGERY, 15th Edition. Concentrates on the specific how-to's of the surgical operations, and includes information on the anatomical, pathological, physiological, biochemical, molecular, and biological basis of each subject.
Sorensen examines Strauss's political theory by turning to his distinction between revelation and reason, religion and philosophy. The author maintains that Strauss viewed these as two fundamentally different worldviews and as alternate ways of understanding the good life by way of a reading of Strauss's Thoughts on Machiavelli.
Virtual clinical excursions (VCE) is a workbook/CD-ROM package that accompanies many Elsevier nursing textbooks. The workbook guides users through Pacific View Regional Hospital, a virtual hospital setting, where one can learn communication, documentation, assessment, and safe medication administration. VCE offers a hands-on learning experience to help nurses improve both clinical judgement and critical thinking skills while interacting with a number of virtual patients.
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