Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2016 in the subject Art - Architecture / History of Construction, grade: 2.5, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur (Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology), language: English, abstract: Organized retail formats are growing twice as fast as their traditional counterparts. But, in spite of that, the mall management is concerned about the rising rate of vacancy leading to economic unsustainability. The reason for high mall vacancy rates can be ascribed to faulty tenant placement and irrational rental plan. Existing studies on the tenant-mix-decisions focus more on inter store externality and not on the spatial logic. Moreover, normal industry practice follows rule-of-thumb instead of any scientific approach. A bid-rent model for profit maximization of individual stores is solved to identify the relationship between area allocation and rental decision with the customer density at that point. The customer density in turn depends on the accessibility and explained through visibility graph analysis and agent based simulation. The findings support the superiority of configurational characteristic over metric distances. A model for profit maximization of the entire shopping mall is proposed to explain the tenanting, rental and anchor rent subsidization decisions based on logic of spatial configuration. Space planning, in this way, can be considered as a tool for strategic decision making instead of an accommodator of functions.
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Operations Research, grade: 2.5, , course: PhD, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this research is to bridge the gap between retail research results on customer movement in shopping centers and importance of space syntax analysis in predicting indoor navigation pattern for better understanding of store space allocation, store location and tenanting decision making in shopping malls. A bid-rent model is specified and solved under the condition of profit maximization of individual stores to examine the impact of customer density in predicting store space allocation and rental decision making. To predict the importance of visibility in customer density distribution, data were collected through recording navigational preferences of individuals in computer generated situations of shopping mall junctions using a convenience sampling method. The visibility characteristics were studied using visibility graph analysis by syntax 2D software tools. The model is extended under condition of revenue maximization of the entire mall in rationalizing tenanting decision making. Tenanting, rent and store space allocation decisions depend on the customer density distribution throughout the shopping mall. Natural movement and consequent natural customer density depend on the visual integration of a location along with metric distance from the access point. Revenue maximization of the shopping mall depends on the strategic positioning of different store types. The positioning of different stores in turn depends on the spatial configuration, which dictates natural customer density distribution. This paper, being the first of its kind, integrates retail research wisdom and syntactic measures to illustrate the efficacy of space design as a strategic decision making tool, instead of just an accommodator of functions.
Although revered as one of the world’s great filmmakers, the Indian director Satyajit Ray is described either in narrowly nationalistic terms or as an artist whose critique of modernity is largely derived from European ideas. Rarely is he seen as an influential modernist in his own right whose contributions to world cinema remain unsurpassed. In this benchmark study, Keya Ganguly situates Ray’s work within the internationalist spirit of the twentieth century, arguing that his film experiments revive the category of political or "committed" art. She suggests that in their depictions of Indian life, Ray’s films intimate the sense of a radical future and document the capacity of the image to conceptualize a different world glimpsed in the remnants of a disappearing past.
To start with, we feel that we should explain why the book has been entitled Cholera Toxins. In fact, the enterotoxin secreted by Vibrio cholerae, which is p- marily responsible for causation of the disease, is conventionally known as or referred to as cholera toxin, or CT. By using the word “toxins” (in its plural form), we wanted to cover all of the different types of toxins—and not just CT—produced by V. cholerae. We could have used the title Toxins of Vibrio cholerae, but we believe that Cholera Toxins is simpler and equally as expressive. However, due to its relative importance, the story of CT covers most of this book. Also, compared to all other toxins of V. cholerae, CT has been investigated more extensively. This book was jointly written by us. It is not a multiauthor book in which each expert writes one chapter. In that respect our task is harder. On the other hand, it has given us the unique opportunity to present the entire subject in the way that we conceived it. Besides, our objective is to cater to the needs of not only active research scientists but also students from different disciplines—microbiology, molecular physiology and pharmacology, basic medicines, etc. —and as such, we have attempted to present the subject in a way that will be appreciated by general readers. Further, we have provided some information that students and predoctoral researchers may find useful at the end of the book.
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