The Spatial Language of Time presents a crosslinguistically valid state-of-the-art analysis of space-to-time metaphors, using data mostly from English and Wolof (Africa) but additionally from Japanese and other languages. Metaphors are analyzed in terms of their most direct motivation by basic human experiences (Grady 1997a; Lakoff & Johnson 1980). This motivation explains the crosslinguistic appearance of certain metaphors, but does not say anything about temporal metaphor systems that deviate from the types documented here. Indeed, we observe interesting culture- and language-specific metaphor phenomena. Refining earlier treatments of temporal metaphor and adapting to temporal experience Levinson’s (2003) idea of frames of reference, the author proposes a contrast between perspective-neutral and perspective-specific frames of reference in temporal metaphor that has important crosslinguistic ramifications for the temporal semantics of FRONT/BEHIND expressions. This book refines the cognitive-linguistic approach to temporal metaphor by analyzing the extensive temporal structure in what has been considered the source domain of space, and showing how temporal metaphors can be better understood by downplaying the space-time dichotomy and analyzing metaphor structure in terms of conceptual frames. This book is of interest to linguists, psychologists, anthropologists, philosophers, and others who may have wondered about relationships between space and time.
For as long as I can remember, I had one excuse for all conscious sin. If I felt guilty about anything I had done I'd justify myself saying, "Well, if I knew for certain that God really existed, I wouldn't do that." I wanted to be sure God existed before getting my act together because it would be really tragic otherwise. Imagine holding back from all the pleasures of life because you had your eyes fixed on some "grand reward" only to later find out God was a hoax. So I told God, "Prove to me that You exist and I won't do any of that ever again." Then, one day, God showed up. He took me by the hand, led me out of the wilderness, and opened my heart and mind to the spectacular. This book captures the lessons God taught me along the way. Life is a mirage. We only see and feel what we want to. But we owe it to ourselves to at least once in our lifetime see things as they really are and explore what lies beyond the physical realm. This book will help you do just that.
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