Highly Sensitive Optical Receivers primarily treats the circuit design of optical receivers with external photodiodes. Continuous-mode and burst-mode receivers are compared. The monograph first summarizes the basics of III/V photodetectors, transistor and noise models, bit-error rate, sensitivity and analog circuit design, thus enabling readers to understand the circuits described in the main part of the book. In order to cover the topic comprehensively, detailed descriptions of receivers for optical data communication in general and, in particular, optical burst-mode receivers in deep-sub-μm CMOS are presented. Numerous detailed and elaborate illustrations facilitate better understanding.
Many single photon detection systems are based on the technology of superconducting nanowires. But despite their high detection efficiency, the need of cooling them to cryogenic temperatures prohibits their widespread usage. This book shows the progress of integrated (thick) CMOS SPADs towards high photon detection probabilities and applications such as in low-cost consumer data communication and high-end single-photon counting for quantum applications. Newest research results are introduced and comprehensively detailed. Key Features The topic is covered from basics to applications. The properties of discrete SPADs and of integrated SPADs are compared in compact form. Dedicated circuits to exploit discrete and integrated SPADs are introduced and explained in detail. Microelectronics and optoelectronics are combined in an easily understandable way. Numerous elaborate illustrations and tables facilitate and enhance comprehension.
Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 2,1 , European College of Business and Management (ECBM) London, language: English, abstract: This assignment deals with the concept of marketing communications based on the example of the German tour operator TUI (Tourism Union International). The company was established in 1986 and is now the German market leader in the sector of leisure travel. In the first part of this assignment the process of purchasing decisions in the light of consumer behaviour will be analysed. Then the changes in buying behaviour will be examined and their impact on TUI will be demonstrated. The second part discusses the respective steps of the planning process of an advertising campaign and its implementation on the tour operator. The assignment ends with a recommendation for the company, stressing different tools which can be integrated in the marketing communication mix.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Pedagogy - Intercultural Pedagogy, grade: 1,3, University of Lüneburg, language: English, abstract: In the Seminar “Corporation for Development and Education - the case of El Salvador” we focused on the problems of Developing Countries and Third World Countries. The target of this overview is to show the different criteria which classify a developing country and to give a short description how the situation of one criteria is labelled and what consequences this has. As each topic could form an essay in itself, I can only give a short explanation. In the second passage of this essay I will focus the situation of AIDS in one African state, Zambia, up from history to recent statistics and prospects of the future. [...]
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