This book addresses a part of a problem. The problem is to determine the architecture of cognition, that is, the basic structures and mechanisms underlying cognitive processing. This is a multidimensional problem insofar as there appear to be many distinct types of mechanisms that interact in diverse ways during cognitive processing. Thus, we have memory, attention, learning, sensation, perception, and who knows what else, interacting to produce behavior. As a case in point, consider a bit of linguistic behavior. To tell a friend that I think Greg won a stunning victory, I must evidently rely on various bits of information stored in my memory, including who my friends are, who Greg is, what he won, and what natural languages I share with my friend. I must sense and perceive that my friend is within hearing distance, how loud I need to speak, how loud I am speaking, and whether my friend is paying attention. I must avail myself of what I know about the language I share with my friend, along with innumerable principles about human "folk psychology. " This book does not address the full range of contemporary theorizing about cognitive architecture, but only a part. It addresses theories of cognitive architecture that hypothesize that there exist cognitive representations, then begins to explore the possible structure of these representations. One of the leading hypotheses concerning the structure of cognitive representations is that it is akin to that found in symbolic logic.
An alarming number of philosophers and cognitive scientists have argued that mind extends beyond the brain and body. This book evaluates these arguments and suggests that, typically, it does not. A timely and relevant study that exposes the need to develop a more sophisticated theory of cognition, while pointing to a bold new direction in exploring the nature of cognition Articulates and defends the “mark of the cognitive”, a common sense theory used to distinguish between cognitive and non-cognitive processes Challenges the current popularity of extended cognition theory through critical analysis and by pointing out fallacies and shortcoming in the literature Stimulates discussions that will advance debate about the nature of cognition in the cognitive sciences
Insect Virology focuses on viruses affecting insects, from the Tipula and Sericesthis iridescent viruses to the acute and chronic bee paralysis viruses and sacbrood virus. The book explores the symptomatology and pathology of virus diseases in insects; the isolation and purification of the viruses as well as their morphology and chemistry; and the host range. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with a historical overview of insect virology and its emergence as a scientific discipline, along with the previous studies on virus diseases in insects. Before discussing the different kinds of viruses and their distribution throughout the insect kingdom, the book first describes the viruses attacking the insects and the diseases they cause. The book then examines the mode of virus replication, transmission, and latent viral infections. The text explains a rapidly developing technique, the growing of insect tissues in culture, and its use to study the virus in the living cell. The book also considers the relationships of plant viruses with the insects that transmit them. The last chapter deals with the use of insect viruses in the biological control of insect pests. This book is a valuable source of information for entomologists, insect virologists, virologists in other fields, microbiologists, and others interested in insect virology.
In 1940, Japan was into its third year of war with China, and relations with the United States were deteriorating. But in that year, the Japanese also commemorated the 2,600th anniversary of the founding of the Empire of Japan.
A new book for Paper 1, Prescribed Subject 3: The Move to Global War The renowned IB Diploma History series, combining compelling narratives with academic rigor. An authoritative and engaging narrative, with the widest variety of sources at this level, helping students to develop their knowledge and analytical skills. Provides: - Reliable, clear and in-depth content from topic experts - Analysis of the historiography surrounding key debates - Dedicated exam practice with model answers and practice questions - TOK support and Historical Investigation questions to help with all aspects of the Diploma
This monograph represents the eighth sponsored by the International Society for Biochemical Endocrinology. The topics should be of interest to basic research scientists, medical practitioners, and students of repro ductive biology. It complements our monograph published in 1979 on Structure and Function of the Gonadotropins. The monograph is organized in ten topic areas relative to the general theme of reproduction and contraception. There are several chapters in each area. Obviously, all aspects of each area could not be covered. An attempt was made to seek interesting basic research ideas and concepts that might in the future be applicable to fertility regulation. The topics are: interactions in gonadotropin regulation; GnRH analogues as contra ceptive agents; receptors in cellular localization of hormones; uterine and mammary receptors; germ-cell regulation and secretory proteins; control mechanisms and metabolic regulations; hCG peptides and anti sera as antifertility agents; ieutinization, oocyte maturation, and early pregnancy; steroids and cell growth; and finally, prostaglandins and cell function. The studies encompass many disciplines and techniques in anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and endocrinology in animals and humans, both in vitro and in vivo. A conference of contributors was held in Maine at the Asticou Inn in Northeast Harbor during the week of September 9-13, 1979. The chapters as written for the monograph were presented for discussion by the participants, who were selected for their knowledge of, and contri butions to, this area of scientific investigation.
The surface coating field is a rapidly developing area of science and technology that offers new methods and techniques to control friction and wear. New coating types are continually being developed and the potential applications in different industrial fields are ever growing, ranging from machine components and consumer products to medical instruments and prostheses. This book provides an extensive review of the latest technology in the field, addressing techniques such as physical and chemical vapour deposition, the tribological properties of coatings, and coating characterization and performance evaluation techniques. Eleven different cases are examined in close detail to demonstrate the improvement of tribological properties and a guide to selecting coatings is also provided. This second edition is still the only monograph in the field to give a holistic view of the subject and presents all aspects, including test and performance data as well as insights into mechanisms and interactions, thus providing the level of understanding vital for the practical application of coatings. * An extensive review of the latest developments in the field of surface coatings* Presents both theory and practical applications* Includes a guide for selecting coatings
Written by leading researchers, the 2nd Edition of the Dictionary of Computer Vision & Image Processing is a comprehensive and reliable resource which now provides explanations of over 3500 of the most commonly used terms across image processing, computer vision and related fields including machine vision. It offers clear and concise definitions with short examples or mathematical precision where necessary for clarity that ultimately makes it a very usable reference for new entrants to these fields at senior undergraduate and graduate level, through to early career researchers to help build up knowledge of key concepts. As the book is a useful source for recent terminology and concepts, experienced professionals will also find it a valuable resource for keeping up to date with the latest advances. New features of the 2nd Edition: Contains more than 1000 new terms, notably an increased focus on image processing and machine vision terms; Includes the addition of reference links across the majority of terms pointing readers to further information about the concept under discussion so that they can continue to expand their understanding; Now available as an eBook with enhanced content: approximately 50 videos to further illustrate specific terms; active cross-linking between terms so that readers can easily navigate from one related term to another and build up a full picture of the topic in question; and hyperlinked references to fully embed the text in the current literature.
We make 3-5 eye movements per second, and these movements are crucial in helping us deal with the vast amounts of information we encounter in our everyday lives. In recent years, thanks to the development of eye tracking technology, there has been a growing interest in monitoring and measuring these movements, with a view to understanding how we attend to and process the visual information we encounter Eye tracking as a research tool is now more accessible than ever, and is growing in popularity amongst researchers from a whole host of different disciplines. Usability analysts, sports scientists, cognitive psychologists, reading researchers, psycholinguists, neurophysiologists, electrical engineers, and others, all have a vested interest in eye tracking for different reasons. The ability to record eye-movements has helped advance our science and led to technological innovations. However, the growth of eye tracking in recent years has also presented a variety of challenges - in particular the issue of how to design an eye-tracking experiment, and how to analyse the data. This book is a much needed comprehensive handbook of eye tracking methodology. It describes how to evaluate and acquire an eye-tracker, how to plan and design an eye tracking study, and how to record and analyse eye-movement data. Besides technical details and theory, the heart of this book revolves around practicality - how raw data samples are converted into fixations and saccades using event detection algorithms, how the different representations of eye movement data are calculated using AOIs, heat maps and scanpaths, and how all the measures of eye movements relate to these processes. Part I presents the technology and skills needed to perform high-quality research with eye-trackers. Part II covers the predominant methods applied to the data which eye-trackers record. These include the parsing of raw sample data into oculomotor events, and how to calculate other representations of eye movements such as heat maps and transition matrices. Part III gives a comprehensive outline of the measures which can be calculated using the events and representations described in Part II. This is a taxonomy of the measures available to eye-tracking researchers, sorted by type of movement of the eyes and type of analysis. For anyone in the sciences considering conducting research involving eye-tracking, this book will be an essential reference work.
Techniques of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are constantly being extended to a more diverse range of materials, pressing into service an ever-expanding range of nuclides including some previously considered too intractable to provide usable results. At the same time, new developments in both hardware and software are being introduced and refined. This book covers the most important of these new developments. With sections addressed to non-specialist researchers (providing accessible answers to the most common questions about the theory and practice of NMR asked by novices) as well as a more specialised and up-to-date treatment of the most important areas of inorganic materials research to which NMR has application, this book should be useful to NMR users whatever their level of expertise and whatever inorganic materials they wish to study.
Human Genome Methods is a practical guide to the application of molecular biology and genetics techniques to research on human cells. Written by recognized authorities who often originated the techniques described, chapters present experimental protocols that are readily used at the laboratory bench. The step-by-step protocols are concise and easy to follow to be reproducible by researchers of various levels of expertise. Suggestions for successful application of procedures are included, along with recommended materials and suppliers. Helpful background information and results of applying the methods described are also given. Section I covers topics such as microsatellite DNA, dynamic mutations, gene targeting using the DNA triple helix, and protease footprinting of DNA-protein interactions. This is followed in Section II by discussions of in situ hybridization, cell synchronization, and cell cycle specific gene expression. Methods concerned with programmed cell death are explored in Section III, which covers this emerging research area and the culture and analysis of cancer cells. Section IV presents methods related to transgene analysis of mouse embryonic stem cells, generation and knockout studies with null mutant mice, and mouse models for human disease. The final section reviews genome mapping, with an emphasis on the construction of linkage maps and on somatic cell hybrids for mapping disease genes.
A highly regarded scientist’s examination of the battle between evolution and intelligent design, and its implications for how science is practiced in America.
A practical guide for professionals in the medical and health communities who work on a daily basis with individuals suffering from exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and asthma (EIA).
The 13th Annual Meeting of the Foundation was held in Edinburgh during September 1985. The subject was neuroendocrine molecular biology which brought together leading scientists in the fields of molecular genetics, neuroendocrinology and developmental neuro biology. The conference was most stimulating and as the Proceedings show, novel data presented was of the highest quality. The topics presented were grouped under the headings;, "Molecular Biology of the Nervous System", ''IlIRH - New Perspectives', ''Neuropeptides'', "Oxytocin and Vasopressin", "Transcriptional and Post-Translational Regulation of Neuropeptide Synthesis", "Neuroendocrine Mechanisms at the Cellular Level", "Receptors - Cellular and Molecular Biology" and "Clinical Applications". The
A study of neuroprosthetics. It is broadly divided into three sections which address: neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, biomaterials and biocompatibility, stimulation and recording techniques; clinical applications of neuroprosthetics; and future developments.
With the ascension of a new emperor and the dawn of the Reiwa Era, Kenneth J. Ruoff has expanded upon and updated The People’s Emperor, his study of the monarchy’s role as a political, societal, and cultural institution in contemporary Japan. Many Japanese continue to define the nation’s identity through the imperial house, making it a window into Japan’s postwar history. Ruoff begins by examining the reform of the monarchy during the U.S. occupation and then turns to its evolution since the Japanese regained the power to shape it. To understand the monarchy’s function in contemporary Japan, the author analyzes issues such as the role of individual emperors in shaping the institution, the intersection of the monarchy with politics, the emperor’s and the nation’s responsibility for the war, nationalistic movements in support of the monarchy, and the remaking of the once-sacrosanct throne into a “people’s imperial house” embedded in the postwar culture of democracy. Finally, Ruoff examines recent developments, including the abdication of Emperor Akihito and the heir crisis, which have brought to the forefront the fragility of the imperial line under the current legal system, leading to calls for reform.
The leading reference in the field of geriatric care, Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, 8th Edition, provides a contemporary, global perspective on topics of importance to today's gerontologists, internal medicine physicians, and family doctors. An increased focus on frailty, along with coverage of key issues in gerontology, disease-specific geriatrics, and complex syndromes specific to the elderly, makes this 8th Edition the reference you'll turn to in order to meet the unique challenges posed by this growing patient population. - Consistent discussions of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and more make reference quick and easy. - More than 250 figures, including algorithms, photographs, and tables, complement the text and help you find what you need on a given condition. - Clinical relevance of the latest scientific findings helps you easily apply the material to everyday practice. - A new chapter on frailty, plus an emphasis on frailty throughout the book, addresses the complex medical and social issues that affect care, and the specific knowledge and skills essential for meeting your patients' complex needs. - New content brings you up to date with information on gerontechnology, emergency and pre-hospital care, HIV and aging, intensive treatment of older adults, telemedicine, the built environment, and transcultural geriatrics. - New editor Professor John Young brings a fresh perspective and unique expertise to this edition.
From an interdisciplinary author team now including orthopedic surgeons, PM&R specialists, and primary care and sports medicine experts, the second edition of Musculoskeletal Physical Examination: An Evidence-Based Approach educates physicians on how to give the most thorough physical examinations by understanding the "why" behind each type of exam. In-depth coverage of today's newest tests and techniques keeps you current in practice, and a new section titled "Author's Preferred Approach" guides you through difficult areas of examination. - Provides complete coverage of every musculoskeletal physical examination. - Easy-to-use tables summarize and compare the evidence for specificity and sensitivity of each test for each condition. - Utilizes over 200 illustrations to clearly depict each test. - Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, and references from the book on a variety of devices. You'll also have access to over 100 in-depth videos - many new to this edition - highlighting the latest exam techniques, such as the Thessaly test, Milking test, and Bear hug test. - Distinguished author team now includes orthopedic surgeons, PM&R specialists, and primary care sports medicine experts. - New section titled "Author's Preferred Approach" guides readers through difficult areas of examination. - Thorough updates and revisions made throughout each chapter keep you current in the field. - Full-color figures enhance visual clarity.
Few institutions are as well suited as the monarchy to provide a window on postwar Japan. The monarchy, which is also a family, has been significant both as a political and as a cultural institution. This comprehensive study analyzes numerous issues, including the role of individual emperors in shaping the institution, the manner in which the emperor’s constitutional position as symbol has been interpreted, the emperor’s intersection with politics through ministerial briefings, memories of Hirohito’s wartime role, nationalistic movements in support of Foundation Day and the reign-name system, and the remaking of the once sacrosanct throne into a "monarchy of the masses" embedded in the postwar culture of democracy. The author stresses the monarchy’s "postwarness," rather than its traditionality.
Comprehensive and practice-oriented, the fully updated 3rd Edition of this easy-to-use text covers the full range of obstetric and gynecologic pathology, including information on treatment and patient management. Written largely by the pathology and clinical faculty at Harvard's Brigham and Women's Hospital, it covers the most up-to-date information available in the field, including molecular genetics and diagnostics. Drs. Christopher P. Crum and Marisa R. Nucci are joined by new editors Scott R. Granter, Brooke E. Howitt, Mana M. Parast, and Theonia K. Boyd, to provide complete, beautifully illustrated coverage of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders of the female genital system, ideal for improving pathological diagnosis. - Provides distinct diagnostic/differential diagnostic criteria for any potential obstetric/gynecologic specimen encountered in practice. - Features more than 2,250 full-color images, key points at the end of each chapter, and an appendix with commonly used ICD-10 codes - Covers topics not often found in gynecologic pathology textbooks, such as vulvodynia, and diseases of the anus. - Approaches topics from a practice-oriented point of view, beginning with clinical presentation and progressing through histopathology, differential diagnosis, and treatment for each disorder. - Emphasizes new practice issues and their biologic basis including approaches to vulvar, cervical and endometrial precursors as well as the underpinnings of cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer. - A comprehensive look at mesenchymal neoplasia, including not only lower genital tract and uterus but also the retroperitoneum. - Expert ConsultTM eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. The world's most highly regarded reference text on the mechanisms and clinical management of blood diseases A Doody's Core Title for 2020! Edition after edition, Williams Hematology has guided generations of clinicians, biomedical researchers, and trainees in many disciplines through the origins, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management of benign and malignant disorders of blood cells and coagulation proteins. It is acknowledged worldwide as the leading hematology resource, with editors who are internationally regarded for their research and clinical achievements and authors who are luminaries in their fields. The Ninth Edition of Williams Hematology is extensively revised to reflect the latest advancements in basic science, translational pathophysiology, and clinical practice. In addition to completely new chapters, it features a full-color presentation that includes 700 photographs, 300 of which are new to this edition, and 475 illustrations. Recognizing that blood and marrow cell morphology is at the heart of diagnostic hematology, informative color images of the relevant disease topics are conveniently integrated into each chapter, allowing easy access to illustrations of cell morphology important to diagnosis. Comprehensive in its depth and breath, this go-to textbook begins with the evaluation of the patient and progresses to the molecular and cellular underpinnings of normal and pathological hematology. Subsequent sections present disorders of the erythrocyte, granulocytes and monocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells, malignant myeloid and lymphoid diseases, hemostasis and thrombosis, and transfusion medicine.
Hemostasis and Thrombosis as only Williams can cover them A Doody’s Core Title for 2019! Featuring content derived from Williams Hematology, Ninth Edition. this concise, full-color resource delivers comprehensive and current coverage of hemostasis and thrombosis, and platelet and megakaryocyte disorders. More than a sectional reprint, the book includes updated science and treatment recommendations not found in the 2015 release of Williams Hematology, Ninth Edition. Perfect for use at the point of care, Williams Hemostasis and Thrombosis offers the most current evaluation and treatment options for patients with bleeding and thrombotic disorders. •Covers the latest advances in hemostasis and thrombosis •A handy quick summary appears at the beginning of each chapter •Discusses the physiologic basis for hemostasis and thrombosis
The landmark text that has guided generations of hematologists and related practitioners―updated with the latest research findings and improved format and presentation Long revered for its comprehensiveness and extraordinary depth of detail, Williams Hematology provides essential coverage of the origins, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management of benign and malignant disorders of blood and marrow cells and coagulation proteins. The text contains a wealth of basic science and translational pathophysiology for optimal, lifelong learning. Experts in research and clinical hematology, the editors are known worldwide for their contributions to the field. This new edition contains everything that has made Williams Hematology the go-to resource for decades and has been updated with new chapters and critical new research into the molecular mechanisms responsible for hematological disorders and the impact on diagnosis and treatment. And the new format enables you to access each chapter via content modules covering key topics, with summaries, infographics, and cases―all linked to review questions for self-assessment. The full-color presentation integrates images of blood and tissue findings where they are cited in the text. NEW TO THIS EDITION: Updated and revised content reflecting the latest research and developments Convenient format that streamlines the learning process and improves retention Additional chapters added on: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Immune Cell Therapy: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy Immune Cell Therapy Dendritic Cell and Natural Killer Cell Therapy The processes of cell death and survival Application of Big Data and Deep Learning in Hematology Williams Hematology Cases with multiple-choice questions including detailed explanations—perfect preparation for the boards Continuously updated online content with comprehensive drug therapy database and other resources
An alarming number of philosophers and cognitive scientists have argued that mind extends beyond the brain and body. This book evaluates these arguments and suggests that, typically, it does not. A timely and relevant study that exposes the need to develop a more sophisticated theory of cognition, while pointing to a bold new direction in exploring the nature of cognition Articulates and defends the “mark of the cognitive”, a common sense theory used to distinguish between cognitive and non-cognitive processes Challenges the current popularity of extended cognition theory through critical analysis and by pointing out fallacies and shortcoming in the literature Stimulates discussions that will advance debate about the nature of cognition in the cognitive sciences
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