15 April - 5 June 2010. To mark the first anniversary of the passing of Kenji Yoshida, the October Gallery is pleased to announce a special exhibition of Yoshida's work that will celebrate the extraordinary life of this remarkable man and outstanding artist. The exhibition, A Celebration of Life, will display works from the different periods of Yoshida's career, including the incandescent etchings he made at Stanley Heyter's Atelier 17 in Paris in the early 60's, inks, calligraphy and paintings on paper from the 70's onwards, as well, as the distinctive oils on canvas that are his characteristic contribution to contemporary art, deftly-sketched portraits of the created universe itself. With an essay by Charles Darwent.
This invaluable volume set of Advances in Geosciences continues the excellent tradition of the Asia-Oceania scientific community in providing the most up-to-date research results on a wide range of geosciences and environmental science. The information is vital to the understanding of the effects of climate change, extreme weathers on the most populated regions and fastest moving economies in the world. Besides, these volumes also highlight original papers from many prestigious research institutions which are conducting cutting edge studies in atmospheric physics, hydrological science and water resource, ocean science and coastal study, planetary exploration and solar system science, seismology, tsunamis, upper atmospheric physics and space science.
Updating its bestselling predecessor, Ferroelectric Devices, Second Edition assesses the last decade of developments—and setbacks—in the commercialization of ferroelectricity. Field pioneer and esteemed author Uchino provides insight into why this relatively nascent and interdisciplinary process has failed so far without a systematic accumulation of fundamental knowledge regarding materials and device development. Filling the informational void, this collection of information reviews state-of-the-art research and development trends reflecting nano and optical technologies, environmental regulation, and alternative energy sources. Like the first edition, which became a standard in the field, this volume provides a general introduction to ferroelectrics with theoretical background. It then addresses practical design and device manufacturing, including recently developed processes and applications. Updating old data with a forecast of future developments, the text analyzes improvements to original ferroelectric devices to aid the design process of new ones. The second edition includes new sections on: Pb-free piezoelectrics Size effect on ferroelectricity Electrocaloric devices Micro mass sensor Piezoelectric energy harvesting Light valves and scanners Multi-ferroic devices, including magneto-electric sensors Uchino provides a general introduction to the theoretical background of ferroelectric devices, practical materials, device designs, drive/control techniques, and typical applications. He presents frequently asked questions from students, lab demonstrations for practical understanding, and "check point" quizzes and model solutions to monitor understanding. After a thorough exploration of ferroelectric devices and their past, this book looks to the industry’s future, assessing market size and remaining reliability/lifetime issues. The author also unveils his strategy for developing "best-selling" ferroelectric devices.
Remarkable developments have taken place in the field of mechatronics in recent years. As symbolized by the "Janglish (Japanese English)" word, mechatronics, the technology and the social adaptation for introducing electronics into mechanics has been readily accepted in Japan. Currently robots are producing many products under computer control in Japanese factories, and supermarkets are utilizing automation systems for sample displays and sales. Further, the fast paced change in semiconductor chip technology has given rise to the need for micro-displacement positioning techniques. Actuators utilizing piezoelectridelectrostrictive effects are expected to meet these needs in mechanical components in the next micro mechatronic age. This book, in English, builds on my earlier publications concerned with ceramic actuators. The first edition titled "Essentials for Development and Applications of Piezoelectric Actuators" was published in 1984 through the Japan Industrial Technology Center. The second edition "PiezoelectriclElectrostrictive Actuators" published in Japanese through Morikita Pub. Co. (Tokyo) became one of the best sellers in that company in 1986, and was then translated into Korean. The problem solving edition "Piezoelectric Actuators -Problem Solving" was also published through Morikita, which was sold in conjunction with a 60 minute video tape to provide easy understanding.
Despite the undeniable importance of Japan in world affairs, both politically and economically, the office of the Japanese prime minister has recieved far less attention from scholars than have the top political offices in other advanced industrialized democracies. This book is the first major systemic analysis of the Japanese prime minister's role and influence in the policy process.Kenji Hayao argues that the Japanese prime minister can play a major if not critical role in bringing about a change in policy. In Japan the prime minister's style is different from what is considered usual for parliamentary leaders: rather than being strong and assertive, he tends to be reactive. How did the role develop in this way? If he is not a major initiator of policy change, how and under what conditions can the prime minister make his impact felt? Finally, what are the consequences of this rather weak leadership?In answering these questions, Professor Hayao presents two case studies (educational reform and reform of the tax system) involving Nakasone Yasuhiro to see how he be became involved in the policy issues and how he affected the process. Hayao then examines a number of broad forces that seem important in explaining the prime minister's role in the policy process: how a leader is chosen; his relationships with other important actors in the political system - the political parties and the subgovernments; and the structure of his "inner" staff and advisors.
The origin of life has been investigated by many researchers from various research fields, such as Geology, Geochemistry, Physics, Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Astronomy and so on. Nevertheless, the origin of life remains unsolved. One of the reasons for this could be attributed to the different approaches that researchers have used to understand the events that happened on the primitive Earth. The origins of the main three members of the fundamental life system, as gene, genetic code and protein, could be only separately understood with these approaches. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the origins of gene, the genetic code, tRNA, metabolism, cell structure and protein not separately but comprehensively under a common concept in order to understand the origin of life, because the six members are intimately related to each other. In this monograph, the author offers a comprehensive hypothesis to explain the origin of life under a common concept. At the same time, the author offers the [GADV] hypothesis contrasting it with other current hypotheses and discusses the results of analyses of genes/proteins and the experimental data available in the exploration of the current knowledge in the field. This book is of interest for science students, researchers and the general public interested in the origin of life.
In March 2011 the Fukushima nuclear power plant (NPP) in Japan was hit by an earthquake and subsequent tsunami which resulted in the release of significant amounts of radioactive material. The incident led to the suspension of nuclear programmes by a number of countries. This book provides a definitive account of the accident. - Outlines the main sequence of events of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, considers the responses of central and local government, and evaluates the response of the plant owner TEPCO - Describes and assesses the effectiveness of the evacuation process and subsequent decontamination of the site and local area - Offers recommendations for improving the safe design and operation of nuclear power plants and considers the future of the Fukushima plant and nuclear power generation in Japan
This book offers a timely and multifaceted reanalysis of student radicalism in postwar Japan. It considers how students actively engaged the early postwar debates over subjectivity, and how the emergence of a new generation of students in the mid-1950s influenced the nation’s embrace of the idea that ‘the postwar’ had ended. Attentive to the shifting spatial and temporal boundaries of ‘postwar Japan,’ it elucidates previously neglected histories of student and zainichi Korean activism and their interactions with the Japanese Communist Party. This book is a key read for scholars in the field of Japanese history, social movements and postcolonial studies, as well as the history of student radicalism.
Advances in Geosciences is the result of a concerted effort to bring together the latest results and planning activities related to earth and space science in Asia and the international arena. The volume editors are all leading scientists in their research fields covering six sections: Atmospheric Science (AS), Hydrological Science (HS), Ocean Science (OS), Solid Earth (SE), Solar Terrestrial (ST) and Planetary Science (PS). The main purpose is to highlight the scientific issues essential to the study of earthquakes, tsunamis, atmospheric dust storms, climate change, drought, flood, typhoons, monsoons, space weather, and planetary exploration.
Post–World War II historical developments, including Japanese American resettlement, the U.S. occupation of Japan, the Cold War, and decolonization in an emerging “Third World,” created both a climate of uncertainty and possibility for the future of Japanese American Buddhism in the United States. As both a racial minority and as adherents of a non-Christian religious tradition with roots in Asia, Nikkei Buddhists faced distinct challenges in asserting their religion as part of their ethnic heritage. Adaptations associated with Nisei Buddhism sought to prioritize cultural assimilation as prescribed by U.S. government officials and other proponents of racial liberalism, while also seeking to maintain Shin Buddhist tradition, claiming it as integral to Nikkei heritage and part of a tradition of American religious freedom. Nisei also presented Buddhism as a world religion, which served as more than a rhetorical strategy, since many Nisei extended their vision of the sangha (community of Buddhists) to include connections with Buddhists in Japan and South and Southeast Asia. But Nisei Buddhism's emerging influence among American Shin Buddhist communities would be challenged by converts and a younger generation of more progressive Nikkei during the 1960s. Reorienting the Pure Land: Nisei Buddhism in the Transwar Years, 1943–1965, is the first historical study of Nisei Shin Buddhists in the United States during the tumultuous period between World War II and the early decades of the Cold War. This book examines Nisei-led adaptations to American Shin Buddhist institutions and organizations in an effort to reconstitute Nikkei Buddhist communities following the end of World War II and release from U.S. government sponsored concentration camps. Taking a transnational perspective, this text establishes the importance of Buddhism in shaping networks in the United States and across the globe, and is the first to highlight the centrality of ethnic Buddhism in building the terms of racial inclusion and the construction of Asian Americans as a model minority. In addressing themes of religious adaptation, cultural nationalism, and global connection, Reorienting the Pure Land makes new contributions to the fields of Japanese American history, the history of Buddhism in America, and the study of Cold War racial liberalism.
This book presents basic information about DNA, along with comprehensive theoretical introduction to DNA. It discusses recent developments in divalent-metal-ion inserted M-DNA complex, which gives rise to the possibility of DNA application to electronic functionality. Further, the book describes three examples of applications: optical and electrical materials, electronic devices such as bioTFT memory and color-tunable light-emitting diodes, and biofuel cell application with use of proton conduction in DNA.
A comprehensive study of the life, philosophies, fighting strategies, and works of the legendary samurai warrior who wrote The Book of Five Rings Miyamoto Musashi, who lived in Japan in the fifteenth century, was a renowned samurai warrior. He has become a martial arts icon, known not just as an undefeated dueler, but also as a master of battlefield strategy. Kenji Tokitsu turns a critical eye on Musashi's life and writings, separating fact from fiction, and giving a clear picture of the man behind the myth. Musashi's best-known work, The Book of Five Rings, provides timeless insight into the nature of conflict. Tokitsu translates and provides extensive commentary on that popular work, as well as three other short texts on strategy that were written before it, and a longer, later work entitled "The Way to Be Followed Alone." Tokitsu is a thoughtful and informed guide, putting the historical and philosophical aspects of the text into context, and illuminating the etymological nuances of particular Japanese words and phrases. As a modern martial artist and a scholar, Tokitsu provides a view of Musashi's life and ideas that is accessible and relevant to today's readers and martial arts students.
Offers concise coverage of spices and herbs from basic science to the most recent developments in spice functions and applications. Introduces a new patterning theory of extensive spice use in various types of food preparations.
 Shun and his friends may have fled the Jailhouse, but now that the game is broken, the terror doesnât end there. The rulesâas well as the maps and the playersâare changing rapidly, and theyâve only just scratched the surface of the mysteries at play. Things will culminate in one final round of the deadliest game of tag ever. Will they truly find a way to escape? Or will they be stuck in this nightmare forever?
High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) has become a most powerful method for investigating the internal structure of materials on an atomic scale of around 0.1 nm. The authors clearly explain both the theory and practice of HREM for materials science. In addition to a fundamental formulation of the imaging process of HREM, there is detailed explanation of image simulationindispensable for interpretation of high-resolution images. Essential information on appropriate imaging conditions for observing lattice images and structure images is presented, and methods for extracting structural information from these observations are clearly shown, including examples in advanced materials. Dislocations, interfaces, and surfaces are dealt with, and materials such as composite ceramics, high-Tc superconductors, and quasicrystals are also considered. Included are sections on the latest instruments and techniques, such as the imaging plate and quantitative HREM.
After Uchino’s introduction of a new terminology, ‘Micromechatronics’ in 1979 for describing the application area of ‘piezoelectric actuators’, the rapid advances in semiconductor chip technology have led to a new terminology MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical-system) or even NEMS (nano-electro-mechanicalsystem) to describe mainly thin film sensor/actuator devices, a narrower area of micromechatronics coverage. New technologies, product developments and commercialization are providing the necessity of this major revision. In particular, the progresses in high power transducers, loss mechanisms in smart materials, energy harvesting and computer simulations are significant. New technologies, product developments and commercialization are providing the updating requirement for the book contents, in parallel to the deletion of old contents. Various educational/instructional example problems have been accumulated, which were integrated in the new edition in order to facilitate the self-learning for the students, and the quiz/problem creation for the instructors. Heavily revised topics from the previous edition include: high power transducers, loss mechanisms in smart materials, energy harvesting and computer simulations New technologies, product developments and commercialization helped shape the updated contents of this book where all chapters have been updated and revised. This textbook is intended for graduate students and industrial engineers studying or working in the fields of electronic materials, control system engineering, optical communications, precision machinery, and robotics. The text is designed primarily for a graduate course with the equivalent of thirty 75-minute lectures; however, it is also suitable for self-study by individuals wishing to extend their knowledge in the field.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this practical analysis of the law of contracts in Japan covers every aspect of the subject – definition and classification of contracts, contractual liability, relation to the law of property, good faith, burden of proof, defects, penalty clauses, arbitration clauses, remedies in case of non-performance, damages, power of attorney, and much more. Lawyers who handle transnational contracts will appreciate the explanation of fundamental differences in terminology, application, and procedure from one legal system to another, as well as the international aspects of contract law. Throughout the book, the treatment emphasizes drafting considerations. An introduction in which contracts are defined and contrasted to torts, quasi-contracts, and property is followed by a discussion of the concepts of 'consideration' or 'cause' and other underlying principles of the formation of contract. Subsequent chapters cover the doctrines of 'relative effect', termination of contract, and remedies for non-performance. The second part of the book, recognizing the need to categorize an agreement as a specific contract in order to determine the rules which apply to it, describes the nature of agency, sale, lease, building contracts, and other types of contract. Facts are presented in such a way that readers who are unfamiliar with specific terms and concepts in varying contexts will fully grasp their meaning and significance. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable time-saving tool for business and legal professionals alike. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Japan will welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative contract law.
Global Crisis and Sustainability Technologies is a nontechnical introduction and overview of the current 'politico-engineering' — politically initiated engineering — intended for an international relationship. The book focuses specifically on technologies for crisis and societal sustainability in response to natural disasters, infectious diseases, enormous accidents, terrorist or criminal incidents, war or territorial invasions, elimination of toxic materials, and renewable energy, as well as risk management.The case studies cited draw from the author's experience in the United States, Japan, and China, and act as instructive studies that may be extended and applied to other countries.
This is the first book that takes a theoretical approach to the effects of international immigration by considering the current economic topics confronted by more highly developed countries such as Japan. Developed here is the classic trade model by Heckscher–Ohlin–Samuelson, McDougall’s basic model of the international movement factor, the urban–rural migration model by Harris–Todaro, and Copeland–Taylor’s well-known model in the field of environmental economics by introducing new trends such as economic integration including free trade and factor mobility between countries at different stages of development. Coexistence of two types of immigrants – legal, skilled workers and illegal, unskilled workers – without any explicit signs of discrimination, transboundary pollution caused by neighboring lower-developed countries with poor pollution abatement technology, difficult international treatment of transboundary renewable resources, the rapid process of aging and population decrease, the higher unemployment rate of younger generations, and the serious gap between permanent and temporary employed workers—are also considered in this book as new and significant topics under the context of international immigration. Taking into account the special difficulties of those serious problems in Asia, each chapter illustrates Japanese and other Asian situations that encourage readers to understand the importance of optimal immigration policies. Also shown is the possibility that economic integration and liberalization of international immigration should bring about positive effects on the economic welfare of the developed host country including the aspects of natural environment, renewable transboundary resources, the rate of unemployment, and the wage gap between workers.
Even if he has his closest friends on his side now, no one else seems to be willing to believe Shun about the dangers of the Jailhouse. Deciding to take matters into his own hands, he desperately codes an emergency update for his game to try and prevent any further tragedy. But they say the path to the Jailhouse is paved with good intentions... Will he give whoever gets stuck inside the tools to survive? Or will it all be used against them? Whoever the unlucky victims are next just might be in for an ugly, mutant surprise...
Recent research has given great insight into the physiological and pharmaceutical effects of histamine on the central nervous system and especially on the brain. This volume focuses on these many new findings, including the role of brain histamine in the arousal system, learning, and memory. Also featured are the mechanisms of histamine release in bone marrow and mast cells and the role of histamine in neutrophil differentiation. These are analyzed using the most up-to-date techniques of molecular pharmacology and refined immunoelectroscopy. In addition, the pharmacological profiles of newly developed H1 antagonists are described, making this book invaluable to those who want to understand the very latest advances in histamine research.
The replacement of hydrogen with fluorine in organic molecules canprofoundly influence their chemical and physical properties,leading to a range of compounds with highly desirable properties.These molecules are of interest across the wide spectrum ofindustrial and academic organic chemistry, so that organofluorinechemistry is economically highly important. Organofluorine Chemistry will help chemists to develop a systematicknowledge of the chemistry of fluorine with a view towards itsapplication in the design of new reactions and syntheses, and thecreation of novel fluorinated molecules and materials. With initialchapters focusing on why fluorine creates such unique properties inorganic compounds, the book then covers general reactions offluorine. Coverage is chosen from the recent research literature,concentrating on the development of novel bioactive compounds andcatalytic ligands, and explaining, in the context of the initialchapters, how and why fluorine is so effective. With a finalchapter covering the general synthetic chemistry of organofluorinecompounds, the book is a cohesive summary of the fundamentalprincipals of organofluorine chemistry.
Many small molecules occur naturally as "messenger" chemicals which regulate the behaviour and functions of microbes, plants, insects and animals. Examples include hormones, pheromones, phytoalexins, and antifeedants. These biofunctional molecules are of great interest to researchers in helping develop our understanding of biological function and in the development of new drugs. However extracting them from nature can be prohibitively expensive, so there is great interest in devising methods of synthesising them from simple starting materials in the laboratory. Chemical Synthesis of Hormones, Pheromones and Other Bioregulators is an introduction to the techniques and strategies for the synthesis of biofunctional small molecules. Topics include: what are biofunctional molecules? why must biofunctional molecules be synthesized? how can we synthesize biofunctional molecules? the synthesis of phytohormones, phytoalexins and other biofunctional molecules of plant origin the synthesis of insect juvenile hormones and antifeedants the synthesis of pheromones and the significance of chirality in pheromone science the synthesis of microbial hormones and pheromones, antibiotics, and other biofunctional molecules of microbial origin the synthesis of marine antifeedants and medicinal candidates a synthetic examination of incorrectly proposed structures of biomolecules reflections on science as a human endeavor Drawing on a career of almost 50 years researching and teaching this subject, Kenji Mori's Chemical Synthesis of Hormones, Pheromones and Other Bioregulators is a must-have textbook for students and researchers of organic synthesis and natural products, and a stimulating and inspiring account of a distinguished chemical career.
As one of the pioneers of "Piezoelectric Actuators", I have contributed to the commercialization of various products for over 45 years, including million-selling devices, micro-ultrasonic motors for smart-phone camera modules by Samsung Electromechanics, piezoelectric transformers for backlight inverters by Apple laptops, multilayer PZT actuators for diesel injection valves by Denso Corporation, and piezoelectric energy harvesting modules for Programable Air-Burst Munition by the US Army. During the development period for "piezoelectric actuators and transformers," I found that the bottleneck for device miniaturization was heat generation under a high-power drive condition. Thus, in parallel to the piezo-actuator developments, I have been developing various high-power density piezo-ceramic materials with the loss mechanism clarification. Hence, I considered that it was time to organize a textbook based on the previous studies, including my materials development philosophy to stimulate younger generations to reach to the energy density of up to 100 W/cm3 in the future. Increasing efficiency and saving energy and space (compactness) are one of the important approaches in this 21st-century "sustainable society." High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisims introduces the theoretical background of piezoelectrics, electromechanical phenomenology, loss mechanisms, practical materials, device designs, drive and characterization techniques, and typical applications, and looks forward to the future perspectives in this field. This book is NOT an overall review of this area, but it focuses on important and basic ideas under my development philosophy to understand how to design and develop high-power piezoelectric materials and devices. This textbook is designed for self-learning by the reader aided by the availability of: • Chapter Essentials – Summary for quick memory recovery • Check Points – Answers are provided in the Appendix • Example Problems – To enhance the reader’s understanding with full, detailed solutions • Chapter Problems – For the final exam or further consideration
This book describes recent developments in soil liquefaction engineering and introduces more appropriate procedures than the current ones to evaluate triggering and consequences of soil liquefaction during earthquakes. The topics therefore cover all aspects of soil behaviour following liquefaction during earthquakes. The contents start with new approaches and new findings on characterisation of liquefaction resistance and undrained shear strength of fully saturated, partially saturated, and unsaturated sand, which are fully based on laboratory tests. New approaches and findings are then described on the use of in situ sounding tests for characterising triggering and consequences of soil liquefaction, including post-liquefaction settlement, lateral spreading, and stability against flow slide. All the topics are accompanied by illustrative case history data from recent major earthquakes in Japan.
This first major study in English on Japanese Buddhism by one of Japan’s most distinguished scholars in the field of Religious Studies is to be widely welcomed.The main focus of the work is on the tradition of the monk (o-bo-san) as the main agent of Buddhism, together with the historical processes by which monks have developed Japanese Buddhism as it appears in the present day.
Students preparing to work with mechatronics, particularly with highly precise and smart actuators, face the challenge of designing and analyzing devices without formal and practical guidance in computer techniques. Finally there is a textbook that is as practical as it is authoritative: Kenji Uchino's FEM and Micromechatronics with ATILA Software. Ideal for Today's Computer-Based Curricula Every aspect of this book reflects its focus on being easy to use, easy to teach from, and above all, easy to implement. The first half of the text outlines the theory needed to develop and design smart actuators and transducers, while the second half walks students step-by-step through the software implementation using seven extensive examples. Even the book's lay-flat binding makes it easy for students to follow the text while working simultaneously at a computer. The companion CD-ROM supplies a free educational version of ATILA-Light. Unified Coverage for Integrated Technologies Covering the myriad challenges posed by smart transducers, the author introduces the fundamentals of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive devices, practical materials, device designs, drive and control techniques, and typical applications. Numerous problems and examples give students ample opportunity to put the concepts into practice. Outlining a complete treatment in 30 convenient 75 minute lessons, FEM and Micromechatronics with ATILA Software is a unique classroom text that students will continue to use throughout their entire careers.
Based on data collected on 1995 by the Japanese Sociological Association, this book investigates four major classes - new, old middle, capitalist and working - and their characteristics and mobility patterns in terms of income, work, social network, leisure activity, gender relations and voting behaviour.
Entrepreneurs have led economies out of downturns in the last 100 years and evidence points to this trend continuing into the future. In fact, regardless of country or economic conditions, entrepreneurial enterprises are on the rise. High-tech start-ups, where innovation, dedication, collaboration, and pure genius align into a successful enterprise
Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction: Methods and Applications takes the reader from the fundamentals of computational fluid and solid mechanics to the state-of-the-art in computational FSI methods, special FSI techniques, and solution of real-world problems. Leading experts in the field present the material using a unique approach that combines advanced methods, special techniques, and challenging applications. This book begins with the differential equations governing the fluid and solid mechanics, coupling conditions at the fluid–solid interface, and the basics of the finite element method. It continues with the ALE and space–time FSI methods, spatial discretization and time integration strategies for the coupled FSI equations, solution techniques for the fully-discretized coupled equations, and advanced FSI and space–time methods. It ends with special FSI techniques targeting cardiovascular FSI, parachute FSI, and wind-turbine aerodynamics and FSI. Key features: First book to address the state-of-the-art in computational FSI Combines the fundamentals of computational fluid and solid mechanics, the state-of-the-art in FSI methods, and special FSI techniques targeting challenging classes of real-world problems Covers modern computational mechanics techniques, including stabilized, variational multiscale, and space–time methods, isogeometric analysis, and advanced FSI coupling methods Is in full color, with diagrams illustrating the fundamental concepts and advanced methods and with insightful visualization illustrating the complexities of the problems that can be solved with the FSI methods covered in the book. Authors are award winning, leading global experts in computational FSI, who are known for solving some of the most challenging FSI problems Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction: Methods and Applications is a comprehensive reference for researchers and practicing engineers who would like to advance their existing knowledge on these subjects. It is also an ideal text for graduate and senior-level undergraduate courses in computational fluid mechanics and computational FSI.
The embodiment of the ancient knowledge that underlies the dedication-to-perfection philosophy of Japan • How mastering these specific movement sequences known as katas provides a way to deepen one’s martial arts practice spiritually • Explores the psychological and social importance of the katas in martial arts and Japanese society, including their role in seppuku (ritual suicide) • Includes many examples from the lives of famous masters, from the legendary samurai Miyamoto Musashi to 20th-century poet Yukio Mishima An essential part of the martial arts of Japan, such as sumo and karate, the katas are specific sequences of movement that originated during Sakoku, Japan’s period of closure to the outside world from 1633 until 1853. The dedication-to-perfection philosophy of the katas, ubiquitous in Japanese society, is vital to understanding the spiritual aspects of their martial arts as well as other traditional Japanese arts, such as flower arranging, chadō (tea ceremonies), and kabuki theater. With examples from the lives of famous masters, from legendary samurai Miyamoto Musashi to 20th-century poet Yukio Mishima, this book explores the psychological and social importance of the katas, including their role in seppuku (ritual suicide), the student-master relationship, and gyo (the point at which the practitioner breaks the mold of the kata and begins to embody it). Looking at their origins in the warrior class and how this pursuit of perfection is ultimately a way to accept the power of death, the author explains how performing the katas transmits ancient knowledge much deeper than just technical movements, providing a way to deepen one’s martial arts practice spiritually.
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