As electric devices become smaller and smaller, transport simulations based on the quantum mechanics become more and more important. There are currently numerous textbooks on the basic concepts of quantum transport, but few present calculation methods in detail. This book provides various quantum transport simulation methods and shows applications
As electric devices become smaller and smaller, transport simulations based on the quantum mechanics become more and more important. There are currently numerous textbooks on the basic concepts of quantum transport, but few present calculation methods in detail. This book provides various quantum transport simulation methods and shows applications
As one of the pioneers of "Piezoelectric Actuators", I have contributed to the commercialization of various products for over 45 years, including million-selling devices, micro-ultrasonic motors for smart-phone camera modules by Samsung Electromechanics, piezoelectric transformers for backlight inverters by Apple laptops, multilayer PZT actuators for diesel injection valves by Denso Corporation, and piezoelectric energy harvesting modules for Programable Air-Burst Munition by the US Army. During the development period for "piezoelectric actuators and transformers," I found that the bottleneck for device miniaturization was heat generation under a high-power drive condition. Thus, in parallel to the piezo-actuator developments, I have been developing various high-power density piezo-ceramic materials with the loss mechanism clarification. Hence, I considered that it was time to organize a textbook based on the previous studies, including my materials development philosophy to stimulate younger generations to reach to the energy density of up to 100 W/cm3 in the future. Increasing efficiency and saving energy and space (compactness) are one of the important approaches in this 21st-century "sustainable society." High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisims introduces the theoretical background of piezoelectrics, electromechanical phenomenology, loss mechanisms, practical materials, device designs, drive and characterization techniques, and typical applications, and looks forward to the future perspectives in this field. This book is NOT an overall review of this area, but it focuses on important and basic ideas under my development philosophy to understand how to design and develop high-power piezoelectric materials and devices. This textbook is designed for self-learning by the reader aided by the availability of: • Chapter Essentials – Summary for quick memory recovery • Check Points – Answers are provided in the Appendix • Example Problems – To enhance the reader’s understanding with full, detailed solutions • Chapter Problems – For the final exam or further consideration
After Uchino’s introduction of a new terminology, ‘Micromechatronics’ in 1979 for describing the application area of ‘piezoelectric actuators’, the rapid advances in semiconductor chip technology have led to a new terminology MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical-system) or even NEMS (nano-electro-mechanicalsystem) to describe mainly thin film sensor/actuator devices, a narrower area of micromechatronics coverage. New technologies, product developments and commercialization are providing the necessity of this major revision. In particular, the progresses in high power transducers, loss mechanisms in smart materials, energy harvesting and computer simulations are significant. New technologies, product developments and commercialization are providing the updating requirement for the book contents, in parallel to the deletion of old contents. Various educational/instructional example problems have been accumulated, which were integrated in the new edition in order to facilitate the self-learning for the students, and the quiz/problem creation for the instructors. Heavily revised topics from the previous edition include: high power transducers, loss mechanisms in smart materials, energy harvesting and computer simulations New technologies, product developments and commercialization helped shape the updated contents of this book where all chapters have been updated and revised. This textbook is intended for graduate students and industrial engineers studying or working in the fields of electronic materials, control system engineering, optical communications, precision machinery, and robotics. The text is designed primarily for a graduate course with the equivalent of thirty 75-minute lectures; however, it is also suitable for self-study by individuals wishing to extend their knowledge in the field.
Remarkable developments have taken place in the field of mechatronics in recent years. As symbolized by the "Janglish (Japanese English)" word, mechatronics, the technology and the social adaptation for introducing electronics into mechanics has been readily accepted in Japan. Currently robots are producing many products under computer control in Japanese factories, and supermarkets are utilizing automation systems for sample displays and sales. Further, the fast paced change in semiconductor chip technology has given rise to the need for micro-displacement positioning techniques. Actuators utilizing piezoelectridelectrostrictive effects are expected to meet these needs in mechanical components in the next micro mechatronic age. This book, in English, builds on my earlier publications concerned with ceramic actuators. The first edition titled "Essentials for Development and Applications of Piezoelectric Actuators" was published in 1984 through the Japan Industrial Technology Center. The second edition "PiezoelectriclElectrostrictive Actuators" published in Japanese through Morikita Pub. Co. (Tokyo) became one of the best sellers in that company in 1986, and was then translated into Korean. The problem solving edition "Piezoelectric Actuators -Problem Solving" was also published through Morikita, which was sold in conjunction with a 60 minute video tape to provide easy understanding.
Piezoelectric energy is a renewable alternative energy source that operates on a smaller scale than renewable energy generation plants which generate Mega-Giga Watts of power. Its potential to 'eliminate' contemporary batteries, which are classified as hazardous wastes, makes it an important technological advancement in a world increasingly concerned about eliminating waste, increasing sustainability and shifting to more 'green' consumption habits.Authored by a pioneer of piezoelectric actuators and piezoelectric energy harvesting, this unique compendium provides a solid theoretical background of piezoelectrics, practical material selection, device design optimization, and energy harvesting electric circuits. Included in each chapter are a list of chapter essentials, check points, example problems and solutions, and practice problems.Written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, university researchers, and industry engineers studying or working in the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, the useful reference text provides readers with the essential knowledge to conduct research and raises readers' awareness of known pitfalls and mis-directions in the field.
Students preparing to work with mechatronics, particularly with highly precise and smart actuators, face the challenge of designing and analyzing devices without formal and practical guidance in computer techniques. Finally there is a textbook that is as practical as it is authoritative: Kenji Uchino's FEM and Micromechatronics with ATILA Software. Ideal for Today's Computer-Based Curricula Every aspect of this book reflects its focus on being easy to use, easy to teach from, and above all, easy to implement. The first half of the text outlines the theory needed to develop and design smart actuators and transducers, while the second half walks students step-by-step through the software implementation using seven extensive examples. Even the book's lay-flat binding makes it easy for students to follow the text while working simultaneously at a computer. The companion CD-ROM supplies a free educational version of ATILA-Light. Unified Coverage for Integrated Technologies Covering the myriad challenges posed by smart transducers, the author introduces the fundamentals of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive devices, practical materials, device designs, drive and control techniques, and typical applications. Numerous problems and examples give students ample opportunity to put the concepts into practice. Outlining a complete treatment in 30 convenient 75 minute lessons, FEM and Micromechatronics with ATILA Software is a unique classroom text that students will continue to use throughout their entire careers.
Recent research has given great insight into the physiological and pharmaceutical effects of histamine on the central nervous system and especially on the brain. This volume focuses on these many new findings, including the role of brain histamine in the arousal system, learning, and memory. Also featured are the mechanisms of histamine release in bone marrow and mast cells and the role of histamine in neutrophil differentiation. These are analyzed using the most up-to-date techniques of molecular pharmacology and refined immunoelectroscopy. In addition, the pharmacological profiles of newly developed H1 antagonists are described, making this book invaluable to those who want to understand the very latest advances in histamine research.
Updating its bestselling predecessor, Ferroelectric Devices, Second Edition assesses the last decade of developments—and setbacks—in the commercialization of ferroelectricity. Field pioneer and esteemed author Uchino provides insight into why this relatively nascent and interdisciplinary process has failed so far without a systematic accumulation of fundamental knowledge regarding materials and device development. Filling the informational void, this collection of information reviews state-of-the-art research and development trends reflecting nano and optical technologies, environmental regulation, and alternative energy sources. Like the first edition, which became a standard in the field, this volume provides a general introduction to ferroelectrics with theoretical background. It then addresses practical design and device manufacturing, including recently developed processes and applications. Updating old data with a forecast of future developments, the text analyzes improvements to original ferroelectric devices to aid the design process of new ones. The second edition includes new sections on: Pb-free piezoelectrics Size effect on ferroelectricity Electrocaloric devices Micro mass sensor Piezoelectric energy harvesting Light valves and scanners Multi-ferroic devices, including magneto-electric sensors Uchino provides a general introduction to the theoretical background of ferroelectric devices, practical materials, device designs, drive/control techniques, and typical applications. He presents frequently asked questions from students, lab demonstrations for practical understanding, and "check point" quizzes and model solutions to monitor understanding. After a thorough exploration of ferroelectric devices and their past, this book looks to the industry’s future, assessing market size and remaining reliability/lifetime issues. The author also unveils his strategy for developing "best-selling" ferroelectric devices.
Advances in Geosciences is the result of a concerted effort to bring together the latest results and planning activities related to earth and space science in Asia and the international arena. The volume editors are all leading scientists in their research fields covering six sections: Atmospheric Science (AS), Hydrological Science (HS), Ocean Science (OS), Solid Earth (SE), Solar Terrestrial (ST) and Planetary Science (PS). The main purpose is to highlight the scientific issues essential to the study of earthquakes, tsunamis, atmospheric dust storms, climate change, drought, flood, typhoons, monsoons, space weather, and planetary exploration.
Elementary Processes in Excitations and Reactions on Solid Surfaces explores the fundamental nature of dynamics on solid surfaces. Attempts are made to reveal various aspects of elementary processes in excitations and reactions on solid surfaces by recent theoretical and experimental developments of the subjects such as molecular beams interacting with surfaces, ion beam scattering, laser-induced dynamical processes, electronically induced dynamical processes, and optical properties of solid surfaces. This volume is devided into three parts. Part I is concerned mainly with the rich reaction dynamics on potential-energy surfaces. Part II is devoted to the interplay of excitations and reactions with particular attention given to the charge transfer as well as the energy transfer between well-characterized surfaces and beams. In Part III, new and rapidly developing methods are introduced.
Post–World War II historical developments, including Japanese American resettlement, the U.S. occupation of Japan, the Cold War, and decolonization in an emerging “Third World,” created both a climate of uncertainty and possibility for the future of Japanese American Buddhism in the United States. As both a racial minority and as adherents of a non-Christian religious tradition with roots in Asia, Nikkei Buddhists faced distinct challenges in asserting their religion as part of their ethnic heritage. Adaptations associated with Nisei Buddhism sought to prioritize cultural assimilation as prescribed by U.S. government officials and other proponents of racial liberalism, while also seeking to maintain Shin Buddhist tradition, claiming it as integral to Nikkei heritage and part of a tradition of American religious freedom. Nisei also presented Buddhism as a world religion, which served as more than a rhetorical strategy, since many Nisei extended their vision of the sangha (community of Buddhists) to include connections with Buddhists in Japan and South and Southeast Asia. But Nisei Buddhism's emerging influence among American Shin Buddhist communities would be challenged by converts and a younger generation of more progressive Nikkei during the 1960s. Reorienting the Pure Land: Nisei Buddhism in the Transwar Years, 1943–1965, is the first historical study of Nisei Shin Buddhists in the United States during the tumultuous period between World War II and the early decades of the Cold War. This book examines Nisei-led adaptations to American Shin Buddhist institutions and organizations in an effort to reconstitute Nikkei Buddhist communities following the end of World War II and release from U.S. government sponsored concentration camps. Taking a transnational perspective, this text establishes the importance of Buddhism in shaping networks in the United States and across the globe, and is the first to highlight the centrality of ethnic Buddhism in building the terms of racial inclusion and the construction of Asian Americans as a model minority. In addressing themes of religious adaptation, cultural nationalism, and global connection, Reorienting the Pure Land makes new contributions to the fields of Japanese American history, the history of Buddhism in America, and the study of Cold War racial liberalism.
This book presents basic information about DNA, along with comprehensive theoretical introduction to DNA. It discusses recent developments in divalent-metal-ion inserted M-DNA complex, which gives rise to the possibility of DNA application to electronic functionality. Further, the book describes three examples of applications: optical and electrical materials, electronic devices such as bioTFT memory and color-tunable light-emitting diodes, and biofuel cell application with use of proton conduction in DNA.
As market competition replaces state regulation in many economic fields, competition policy has become an area of increasing significance. Against this background, Suzuki highlights the importance of the domestic political structure for competition policy. He does this through the comparative analysis of competition law reforms in Britain and Japan. He argues - controversially - that a country's domestic political structure should be considered a major factor in causing the reform of competition law, and rejects the established view that it is necessarily a result of changes in international economic and political conditions.
In Light Driven Micromachines, the fundamental principles and unique characteristics of light driven material structures, simple mechanisms and integrated machines are explored. Very small light driven systems provide a number of interesting features and unique design opportunities because streams of photons deliver energy into the system and provide the control signal used to regulate the response of the micron sized device. Through innovative material design and clever component fabrication, these optically powered tiny machines can be created to perform mechanical work when exposed to varying light intensity, wavelength, phase, and/or polarization. The book begins with the scientific background necessary to understand the nature of light and how light can initiate physical movement by inducing material deformation or altering the surrounding environment to impose micro-forces on the actuating mechanisms. The impact of physical size on the performance of light driven mechanisms and machines is discussed, and the nature of light–material interactions is reviewed. These interactions enable very small objects and mechanical components to be trapped and manipulated by a focused light beam, or produce local temperature gradients that force certain materials to undergo shape transformation. Advanced phase transition gels, polymers, carbon-based films and piezoelectric ceramics that exhibit direct light-to-mechanical energy conversion are examined from the perspective of designing optically driven actuators and mechanical systems. The ability of light to create photothermal effects that drive microfluidic processes and initiate the phase transformation of temperature sensitive shape memory materials are also explored in the book. This compendium seeks to inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers by presenting the fundamental principles of this emerging interdisciplinary technology and exploring how the properties of light can be exploited for microfluidic, microrobotic, biomedical and space applications.
What is the case for adding the unconventional balance sheet policies used by major central banks since 2007 to the standard policy toolkit? The record so far suggests that the new liquidity providing policies in support of financial stability generally warrant inclusion. As the balance sheet policies aimed at macroeconomic stability were used only by a small number of highly credible central banks facing a lower bound constraint on conventional interest rate policy, they are not relevant for most central banks or states of the world. Best practices of these policies are documented in this paper.
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