An essential reference to the highly effective reactions applied to modern organic synthesis Rhodium complexes are one of the most important transition metals for organic synthesis due to their ability to catalyze a variety of useful transformations. Rhodium Catalysis in Organic Synthesis explores the most recent progress and new developments in the field of catalytic cyclization reactions using rhodium(I) complexes and catalytic carbon-hydrogen bond activation reactions using rhodium(II) and rhodium(III) complexes. Edited by a noted expert in the field with contributions from a panel of leading international scientists, Rhodium Catalysis in Organic Synthesis presents the essential information in one comprehensive volume. Designed to be an accessible resource, the book is arranged by different reaction types. All the chapters provide insight into each transformation and include information on the history, selectivity, scope, mechanism, and application. In addition, the chapters offer a summary and outlook of each transformation. This important resource: -Offers a comprehensive review of how rhodium complexes catalyze a variety of highly useful reactions for organic synthesis (e.g. coupling reactions, CH-bond functionalization, hydroformylation, cyclization reactions and others) -Includes information on the most recent developments that contain a range of new, efficient, elegant, reliable and useful reactions -Presents a volume edited by one of the international leading scientists working in the field today -Contains the information that can be applied by researchers in academia and also professionals in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and fine chemical companies Written for academics and synthetic chemists working with organometallics, Rhodium Catalysis in Organic Synthesis contains the most recent information available on the developments and applications in the field of catalytic cyclization reactions using rhodium complexes.
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells convert chemical energy in hydrogen into electrical energy with water as the only by-product. Thus, PEM fuel cells hold great promise to reduce both pollutant emissions and dependency on fossil fuels, especially for transportation—passenger cars, utility vehicles, and buses—and small-scale stationary and portable power generators. But one of the greatest challenges to realizing the high efficiency and zero emissions potential of PEM fuel cells technology is heat and water management. This book provides an introduction to the essential concepts for effective thermal and water management in PEM fuel cells and an assessment on the current status of fundamental research in this field. The book offers you: • An overview of current energy and environmental challenges and their imperatives for the development of renewable energy resources, including discussion of the role of PEM fuel cells in addressing these issues; • Reviews of basic principles pertaining to PEM fuel cells, including thermodynamics, electrochemical reaction kinetics, flow, heat and mass transfer; and • Descriptions and discussions of water transport and management within a PEM fuel cell, including vapor- and liquid-phase water removal from the electrodes, the effects of two-phase flow, and solid water or ice dynamics and removal, particularly the specialized case of starting a PEM fuel cell at sub-freezing temperatures (cold start) and the various processes related to ice formation.
In the dynamic digital age, the widespread use of computers has transformed engineering and science. A realistic and successful solution of an engineering problem usually begins with an accurate physical model of the problem and a proper understanding of the assumptions employed. With computers and appropriate software we can model and analyze complex physical systems and problems. However, efficient and accurate use of numerical results obtained from computer programs requires considerable background and advanced working knowledge to avoid blunders and the blind acceptance of computer results. This book provides the background and knowledge necessary to avoid these pitfalls, especially the most commonly used numerical methods employed in the solution of physical problems. It offers an in-depth presentation of the numerical methods for scales from nano to macro in nine self-contained chapters with extensive problems and up-to-date references, covering: Trends and new developments in simulation and computation Weighted residuals methods Finite difference methods Finite element methods Finite strip/layer/prism methods Boundary element methods Meshless methods Molecular dynamics Multiphysics problems Multiscale methods
This is the first book on the topic of all source positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) and how to solve the problem of PNT when the most widely-used measurement source available today, the GPS system, may be come unavailable, jammed or spoofed. Readers learn how to define the system architecture as well as the algorithms for GPS-denied and GPS-challenged PNT systems. In addition, the book provides comprehensive coverage of the individual technologies used, such as celestial navigation, vision-based navigation, terrain referenced navigation, gravity anomaly referenced navigation, signal of opportunity (SOO) based PNT, and collaborative PNT. Celestial Navigation is discussed, with stars and satellite used as reference, and star-tracker technology also included. Propagation based timing solutions are explored and the basic principles of oscillators and clocks presented. Initial alignment of strap-down navigation systems is explored, including initial alignment as a Kalman filter problem. Velocimeter/Dead reckoning based navigation and its impact on visual odometry is also explained. Covering both theoretical and practical issues, and packed with equations and models, this book is useful for both the engineering student as well as the advanced practitioner.
This book explores the application of concepts of fiduciary duty or public trust in responding to the policy and governance challenges posed by policy problems that extend over multiple terms of government or even, as in the case of climate change, human generations. The volume brings together a range of perspectives including leading international thinkers on questions of fiduciary duty and public trust, Australia's most prominent judicial advocate for the application of fiduciary duty, top law scholars from several major universities, expert commentary from an influential climate policy think-tank and the views of long-serving highly respected past and present parliamentarians. The book presents a detailed examination of the nature and extent of fiduciary duty, looking at the example of Australia and having regard to developments in comparable jurisdictions. It identifies principles that could improve the accountability of political actors for their responses to major problems that may extend over multiple electoral cycles.
Molecular Research in Aquaculture Molecular research and biotechnology have long been fields of study with applications useful to aquaculture and other animal sciences. Molecular Research in Aquaculture looks to provide an understanding of molecular research and its applications to the aquaculture industry in a format that allows individuals without prior experience in this area to learn about and understand this important field. Molecular Research in Aquaculture opens with an introductory chapter giving background information on the aquaculture industry and the development of the science and research methods to what is currently being used. From there it discusses how new, innovative techniques are now being converted and used for research in this field. Introductory chapters on basic molecular biological techniques, such as PCR, cloning, and hybridization, and their rationale provide the foundation for an in-depth look at molecular research and its specific applications. The remaining chapters review key areas of molecular research such as microarray analysis, quantitative PCR, and transgenics. Molecular Research in Aquaculture will be a valuable reference for professionals and researchers with an interest in the development of molecular technologies and their applications to the field of aquaculture. Coverage of basic molecular biological techniques and their rationale In-depth look at molecular research and their applications to aquaculture Valuable reference on the developments of this key area in aquaculture research
Based on longitudinal ethnographic work on migration between the United States and Taiwan, Time and Migration interrogates how long-term immigrants negotiate their needs as they grow older and how transnational migration shapes later-life transitions. Ken Chih-Yan Sun develops the concept of a "temporalities of migration" to examine the interaction between space, place, and time. He demonstrates how long-term settlement in the United States, coupled with changing homeland contexts, has inspired aging immigrants and returnees to rethink their sense of social belonging, remake intimate relations, and negotiate opportunities and constraints across borders. The interplay between migration and time shapes the ways aging migrant populations reassess and reconstruct relationships with their children, spouses, grandchildren, community members, and home, as well as host societies. Aging, Sun argues, is a global issue and must be reconsidered in a cross-border environment.
Advances in computational power have facilitated the development of simulations unprecedented in their computational size, scope of technical issues, spatial and temporal resolution, complexity and comprehensiveness. As a result, complex structures from airplanes to bridges can be almost completely based on model-based simulations. This book gives
This book is a comprehensive, generously illustrated, and up-to-date reference on the virology of fishes—predomiantly species of the class Osteichthyes, but including representative members of the classes Chrondrichthyes and Myxini. It covers some thirty years since the first virus was isolated from a fish and describes 63 diseases and agents of viral, viruslike, or mistaken viral nature.
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