The scales involved in modern semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics continue to plunge downward. Effective and accurate characterization of materials with thicknesses below a few nanometers can be achieved using x-rays. While many books are available on the theory behind x-ray metrology (XRM), X-Ray Metrology in Semiconductor Manufacturing is the first book to focus on the practical aspects of the technology and its application in device fabrication and solving new materials problems. Following a general overview of the field, the first section of the book is organized by application and outlines the techniques that are best suited to each. The next section delves into the techniques and theory behind the applications, such as specular x-ray reflectivity, diffraction imaging, and defect mapping. Finally, the third section provides technological details of each technique, answering questions commonly encountered in practice. The authors supply real examples from the semiconductor and magnetic recording industries as well as more than 150 clearly drawn figures to illustrate the discussion. They also summarize the principles and key information about each method with inset boxes found throughout the text. Written by world leaders in the field, X-Ray Metrology in Semiconductor Manufacturing provides real solutions with a focus on accuracy, repeatability, and throughput.
Concentrating on the "nuts and bolts" of writing ray tracing programs, this new and revised edition emphasizes practical and implementation issues and takes the reader through all the details needed to write a modern rendering system. Most importantly, the book adds many C++ code segments, and adds new details to provide the reader with a better intuitive understanding of ray tracing algorithms.
- Thema des Bandes ist die Radioaktivität in der Umwelt (Herkunft, Transport, Messung) - einziges Buch auf dem Markt, das sich derart ausführlich nur mit diesem Thema beschäftigt - wendet sich an breitgefächertes Leserspektrum (Studenten, Dozenten, Forscher, Unternehmen, Berater) - Interesse am Einfluß menschlicher Tätigkeit auf die Umwelt nimmt ständig zu
A practical guide to optical system design and development Optical Systems Engineering emphasizes first-order, system-level estimates of optical performance. Building on the basic principles of optical design and engineering, the book uses numerous practical examples to illustrate the essential, real-world processes such as requirements analysis, feasibility and trade studies, subsystem interfaces, error budgets, requirements flow-down and allocation, component specifications, and vendor selection. Filled with detailed diagrams and photographs, this is an indispensable resource for anyone involved in developing optical, electro-optical, and infrared systems. Optical Systems Engineering covers: Systems engineering Geometrical optics Aberrations and image quality Radiometry Optical sources Detectors and focal plane arrays Optomechanical design
A brand-new designer drug arrives in New York City with the force of a hurricane: Triple X, a potentially lethal combination of ecstasy and gamma radiation that is literally turning users from the shadowy, dank alleys to the glittering, raucous party circuit into living, rampaging nightmares. For high school science teacher Peter Parker, Triple X's onslaught on some of his students and his wife's professional life is as dangerous as it is unexpected. For Peter's secret alter-ego, the costumed crime-fighter known to the world as Spider-Man, the situation quickly accelerates from bad to worse, as the drug's effects run unchecked against law enforcement's and his own valiant efforts to rein in the city-wide chaos. But there is a growing consensus between Spider-Man and the police that, for reasons yet unknown, one of the arachnid's most fearsome enemies may be behind it all as part of a greater scheme to bring the city--and one of its most heroic and hated defenders--to its knees at long last"--Page 4 of cover
MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING HANDBOOK Sixth Edition The latest science, technology, and management solutions for facility maintenance issues The one reference you can bank on for current answers to virtually any maintenance question, Lindley R. Higgins’ and R. Keith Mobley’s Maintenance Engineering Handbook provides the best of today’s strategies and technologies from the world’s leading experts. • One-stop source of answers on all maintenance engineering functions, from managing, planning, and budgeting to solving environmental problems • New coverage of the latest computer applications, maintenance technologies, and tools • Strategies, equipment, techniques, and tips for facilities from industrial plants to residential complexes, institutions, schools, hospitals, and office buildings NEW IN THIS EDITION • Technology updates • Improvements in prevention and prediction • Equipment testing and monitoring tools • The latest computer programs • Advances in maintenance economics • Guidance on insurance administration • New maintenance techniques for centrifugal air compressors, centrifugal pumps, and other equipment Maintenance Engineering’s Most Current, Comprehensive, and Complete Reference A McGraw-Hill Classic 55 SPECIALISTS Buildings and grounds Computer applications Corrosion and cleaning Costs and controls Electrical equipment Estimates and budgets Instrumentation and monitoring tools Inventory Lubrication Measuring, servicing, testing Mechanical equipment Organization and management Parts and components Personnel and policies Practices and prevention Sanitation and housekeeping Specialized equipment Welding
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