In 1540 a small number of Spaniards founded the city of Arequipa in southwestern Peru. These colonists, later immigrants, and their descendants devoted considerable energy to exploiting the surrounding area. At first, like many other Spaniards in the Americas, they relied primarily on Indian producers; by the late 1500s they had acquired land and established small farms and estates. This, the first study to examine the agrarian history of a region in South America from the mid-sixteenth through late-seventeenth century, demonstrates that colonials exploited the countryside as capitalists. They ran their rural enterprises as efficiently as possible, expanded their sources of credit and labor, tapped widespread markets, and lobbied strenuously to influence the royal government. The reasons for such behavior have seldom been explored beyond the colonists’ evident need to sustain themselves and their dependents. Arequipa’s case suggests another fundamental cause of capitalist behavior in colonial South America: rural wealth was inextricably tied to the colonists’ desire to reinforce and improve their stature. Arequipa’s Spanish families of the upper and middle social levels consistently employed land and its proceeds to attract prominent spouses, to acquire prestigious political and military posts, and to enhance their standing by becoming benefactors of the Church. They rarely lost sight of the crucial role that wealth played in their lives. Thus, when the region’s economy flourished, as it did during the late 1500s, they expanded and improved their holdings. When it faltered at the beginning of the next century, they made every effort to retain properties, even fragmenting land to accommodate family members and new spouses. Unlike patterns sometimes suggested for Spanish America, many Arequipan colonial families possessed land and retained it over many generations. Neither the increasingly rich Church nor a few powerful persons managed to build up extensive estates. Landowners in Colonial Peru explains how and why rural property became so important. It emphasizes both the capitalist bent of Hispanics and the manner in which wealth served social aspirations. The approach makes clear that many of the economic and social characteristics so often attributed to eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Latin Americans were present from the early Colonial period.
Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring Addiction is a subject which straddles public and personal interests; societal and criminal justice concerns; and family, social, and medical responses. It is a continuing area of uncertainty and concern for society and professionals trained in the field. This Very Short Introduction presents the basic facts about addiction: what it is, how and why it develops, how it is treated, and how society can respond to it. Addictions to both illicit drugs and licit drugs (e.g., alcohol) are covered, as is the possibility that certain behaviours not involving drug use (e.g., compulsive gambling) can qualify as addictions. Keith Humphreys provides a jargon-free account of our present understanding of addiction, from treatment evaluations to studies on the effects of public policies. He also illuminates the personal experience of addiction and recovery. Humphreys considers why some people become addicted and others do not, what treatments exist to help people who are addicted, and how the laws and regulations society establishes about drugs affects the rate and experience of addiction. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
This rewritten, expanded and updated 7th edition of the long-running bestseller Research Methods in Education encompasses the whole range of methods currently employed by educational research at all stages. It offers plentiful and rich practical advice, underpinned by clear theoretical foundations, research evidence and up-to-date references. Chapters new to this edition cover: Causation, critical educational research, evaluation and the politics of research, including material on cross-cultural research, mixed methods and participatory research Choosing and planning a research project, including material on sampling, research questions, literature reviews and ethical issues Meta-analysis, research syntheses and systematic reviews Virtual worlds and internet research Using and analysing visual media and data in educational research Organizing and presenting qualitative data, content analysis, coding and computer analysis, themes, narratives, conversations and discourses, grounded theory Understanding and choosing statistical tests, descriptive and inferential statistics, multi-dimensional measurement and factor analysis Research Methods in Education is essential reading for both the professional researcher and students of education at undergraduate and postgraduate level, who need to understand how to plan, conduct, analyse and use research. The textbook is accompanied by a website: www.routledge.com/textbooks/cohen7e. PowerPoint slides for every chapter contain an outline of the chapter structure followed by a thorough summary of the key points, ideal for both lecturers and students.? Within the book a variety of internet resources are referred to and these references have been included here, with links to the websites.? A wide range of supplementary documents are available for many chapters, providing additional guidance and examples.? They range from guidelines for the contents of a research proposal with a worked example, to screen-print manuals for using SPSS and QSR N6 NUD*IST (exportable to N-Vivo) plus data files.
1 and 2 Kings unfolds an epic narrative that concludes the long story of Israel's experience with institutional monarchy, a sequence of events that begins with the accession of Solomon and the establishment of the Jerusalem temple, moves through the partition into north and south, and leads inexorably toward the nation's destruction and the passage to exile in Babylon. Keith Bodner's The Theology of the Book of Kings provides a reading of the narrative attentive to its literary sophistication and theological subtleties, as the cast of characters - from the royal courts to the rural fields - are variously challenged to resist the tempting pathway of political and spiritual accommodations and instead maintain allegiance to their covenant with God. In dialogue with a range of contemporary interpreters, this study is a preliminary exploration of some theological questions that arise from the Kings narrative, while inviting contemporary communities of faith into deeper engagement with this enduring account of divine reliability amidst human scheming and rapaciousness.
Book Four in the Our Lady of Joy series. Alone and denied any allies after being abducted and sold to the Chancellor of the Marches, Lira stubbornly fights against being reduced to nothing but a resource by her imprisonment, a decision which she will soon come to regret. Badly wounded by the loss of the girl he loves, Rease experiences his own hardships as he struggles to accept being alone again and fights to preserve all that he has gained by being Our Lady’s Wolf. Grieving the loss of his little girl, Jonas does his best with Dove’s help to hold Our Lady’s family together even in her absence, even as Hanna and Blake continue to repair their friendship. Called to her role as Our Lady’s Shield Maiden by circumstance, Annabelle returns to her previous life as a spy in preparation for a future rescue as Iranti, the Seer sent with them by the Queen of Isura Okun, begins to reveal her purpose. As Our Lady’s loved ones prepare for the right moment to make their family whole again, tragedy is brewing for the girl they all love, just waiting to strike. As they find themselves powerless to intervene, the clock continues ticking, bringing them that much closer to the battle forecast by the prophesy as Lira’s situation continues to worsen. But this time, the cost for failure could be Our Lady of Joy herself.
Exploring Contemporary Migration provides the first comprehensive introduction to the various aspects of population migration in both the developed and the developing worlds. Some of the most important quantitative and qualitative methods used for the description and analysis of migration are presented in a clearly structured and accessible way. The various theoretical approaches used to explain the complex patterns of migration are also summarised. These patterns are then explored through the use of specific migration-related themes: employment, stage in the life course, quality of life, societal engineering, violence and persecution, and the role of culture. Exploring Contemporary Migration is written in a user-friendly, accessible style, appealing to undergraduate students of population geography and social science students taking a population module. This text will also be valuable reading to those researchers and academics concerned with gaining a broad understanding of the dynamics and patterns of contemporary population.
Defence policy is of continuing interest and concern to all nations. There are armed conflicts and new threats. Difficult choices cannot be avoided. This book has three aims. First, to identify the typical questions raised by economists when studying defence policy. Second, to show how simple economic analysis can be used to answer these questions and contribute to our understanding of defence issues. Third, to provide a critical evaluation of defence policy.
Greyhound racing emerged rapidly in Britain in 1926 but in its early years was subject to rabid institutional middle-class opposition largely because of the legal gambling opportunities it offered to the working class. Though condemned as a dissipate and impoverishing activity, it was, in fact, a significant leisure opportunity for the working class, which cost little for the minority of bettors involved in what was clearly little more than a ‘bit of the flutter’ , This book is the first national study of greyhound racing in Britain from its beginnings, to its heyday in the 1930s and 1940s, and up its long slow decline of the late twentieth century. Much of the study will be defined by the dominating issue of working-class gambling and the bitter opposition to both it and greyhound racing, although the attractions of this ‘American Night Out’ will also be examined.
Keith Pott Turner is a published Illustrator, composer/musician and poet. He has furthermore worked on many heritage restoration projects and has keenly researched his family history resulting in the discovery of some very notable characters indeed.
In the wake of the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem and the displacement of exile, there is a unique story that is told about the remnant left behind after the invasion. The narrative of Jeremiah 40—44 unfolds the challenges and crises of this community who remain in Judah as they negotiate their survival following the catastrophe of Jerusalem's fall. After the Invasion shares the often overlooked, but compelling story that emerges from the five later chapters of Jeremiah. Keith Bodner expertly reveals the assortment of personalities, geographic locations, shifts in point of view, temporal compression, and layers of irony. Primary focused on the narrative design of this text, Professor Bodner proves that these chapters form a creative and sophisticated narrative that make a rich, though perhaps underestimated, contribution to the book of Jeremiah as a whole.
This book uncovers exactly what is involved when researchers from different disciplines engage with one another in research projects. The authors identify the opportunities and difficulties involved in interdisciplinary engagement, and challenge current claims about where the greatest difficulties are to be found. The first part of the book introduces interdisciplinarity and identifies key issues that influence our understanding of it. The second part of the book presents the findings of research based on over 50 hours of recording and nearly 450,000 words of transcript drawn from a number of university faculties, concluding with a discussion of how this might inform interdisciplinary practice. The book is accessible to the non-specialist reader while also being of interest to social scientists working in professional and academic communication.
Discover a revolutionary approach to reconstructive surgery! Now in its Second Edition, The Atlas of Regional and Free Flaps for Head and Neck Reconstruction delivers clear, heavily illustrated coverage of regional skin, muscle, and musculocutaneous flaps as well as donor sites from distant regions of the body where vascularized skin, muscle, bone, and nerves can be harvested and transferred to the head and neck. The Atlas will prove invaluable information to otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, and general surgeons, who use both regional and free flaps to reconstruct damage to the head and neck caused by cancer and trauma. This Atlas provides the surgeon with techniques for mastering different donor sites needed to find solutions to virtually every reconstruction problem. It provides detailed descriptions of the anatomy and harvesting techniques of the major regional and free-flap donor sites currently employed in head and neck reconstruction. The in-depth coverage that readers trust... * Clinically detailed full-color line drawings emphasize proper harvesting technique for all flaps. * Full procedural discussions address relevant anatomy, flap design and utilization, anatomic variations, preoperative and postoperative care, tips for avoiding potential pitfalls, and harvesting techniques for each donor site. * Use of fresh cadaver dissections provides the most realistic portrayal of step-by-step detail that gives the resident and attending surgeon a thorough understanding of each donor site. Plus a wealth of features NEW to the Second Edition... * New chapters address the submental flap, ulnar forearm flap, anterolateral thigh flap, paramedian forehead flap, cervicofacial advancement flap, and perforator flaps. * New content on skin-flap harvesting includes: addition of the coronoid harvest process to the temporalis chapter; addition of the osteocutaneous radial forearm flap to the radial forearm flap chapter; addition of scalp harvest to the chapter on the temporoparietal fascial flap; addition of scapular tip harvest for use in palatomaxillary reconstruction; and addition of harvest of the IMA and IMV recipient vessels and harvest of the TAC system of vessels to the recipient vessel chapter. * New demonstrations of flap insetting and design for a number of reconstructions
Book 5 in the Our Lady of Joy series. Now back in the Western Marches and reunited with her family and beloved pets, Lira continues to recover from her time away, diligently safeguarded by her Wolf. While the girl he loves continues to heal, Rease focuses on rebuilding her confidence even as he builds even greater public support for Our Lady of Joy, determined as he is to ensure her safety in the coming conflict. But even as his daughter recovers, Jonas finds his worries have not disappeared entirely as he discovers that Rease’s previous assassination of the Chancellor has only added to the toxic relationship between nations as the Western Marches begins to ready itself for war. Suddenly burdened with the idea of using an innocent child as a weapon once he learns of Millie Weymine’s affinity, Thomas struggles once more to balance the man he wishes to be with the role he must play as Our Lady’s Warlord. Newly arrived to Our Lady’s service, Jebseg Bayajin finds himself challenged to become more than the weapon he was raised to be as he begins to experience a very different kind of life than he had expected. As Hanna and Blake move their relationship to the next level, Iranti focuses only on her role as a Seer to learn all she can of the coming war, hopeful that it might make a difference. Yet even as more people arrive to aid Our Lady and her family against the gathering dark, the prophesy continues to shape their fate as the clock continues ticking down to the final confrontation.
Book 6 in the Our Lady of Joy series. Now back at Eastlake with their beloved pets, Lira and Rease become even closer while Jonas and Dove plan their wedding with the help of their extended family. Finally suspecting that Mouse might have feelings for her, Iranti takes desperate measures to determine the truth of how he feels about her, even as Hanna and Blake settle more fully into their own relationship and learn each other even better. Now firmly a part of Our Lady’s family, Jebseg is assigned to watch over the Queen’s viperous daughter, Monifa and keep her from causing any further harm. But to his dismay, he soon finds his duty far more complicated than he had anticipated. Titled as Our Lady’s Flame and now established as Lira’s tutor, Violet soon finds her life changing as she too settles into the family and recognizes that she is both wanted and appreciated for the first time in her life. But even as Our Lady’s family remains unaware, the prophesy is at work, altering all their careful plans as the threat of war approaches.
Book 7 of the Our Lady of Joy series. As news comes of an arriving delegation from the Marches tasked with repairing relations between nations, Lira vows not to lose the life and people she so greatly loves, Rease chief among them. Yet even as they anxiously wait for the worst of the prophesy to be revealed in reality, Rease throws himself into his role as a mentor for troubled boys, even recruiting Blake’s help as they expand the program to include animal-assisted therapy, while Jonas and Dove focus on holding together the family that they have built, hoping it will be enough. Now very worried about what the coming conflict may mean to him as an individual, Thomas finds himself swamped with doubt once more about being titled Our Lady’s Warlord, even as Monifa wonders if the coming war will deliver her just punishment for all her past sins against Our Lady. As Violet prepares to become Our Lady’s Flame to defend her homeland against invasion, Iranti battles the forces of fate itself in an effort to determine more their future, while Mouse finds sudden value in returning to his former profession as an assassin now that all he loves is threatened. But when their efforts to delay the war prove futile, Our Lady’s family prepares for the fight of their lives.
Book Two in the Our Lady of Joy series. Having successfully escaped the Lord High Commissioner’s control with her father and the Harvester’s Gang, Lira, Rease and Night attempt to settle into life at the Davies family estate, Eastlake. As Jonas begins to develop feelings for Dove and comes to terms with his past, Lira petitions the Council for autonomy to continue her romantic involvement with her Guardian as he rebuilds his life and reputation as Our Lady’s Wolf, setting in motion a series of events which she will come to deeply regret. Charmed by their youth and innocence and eager to preserve it, Hanna Davies becomes something of a protective older sister to Lira and Rease. But the serenity of her carefully ordered life is shattered by the arrival of Blake Weymine, who seems determined to win Our Lady of Joy for his own. Vowing to prevent such a tragedy, Hanna sets herself against Blake, inadvertently beginning a game in which victory proves more costly than either of them had anticipated. Still struggling with her role as Our Lady of Joy in this new world, Lira fights for her personal independence even as the prophesy begins to unfold around her.
Book Three in the Our Lady of Joy series. Having fled the Western Marches to avoid either losing her Guardian or being used as a figurehead in a brewing national struggle, Lira now finds herself a guest of the Queen of Isura Okun in the Southern Marches, accompanied by Rease, Night, their kittens, her father and her rapidly growing entourage. Anchored by his title as Our Lady’s Wolf, Rease continues his transformation into a happier man and strengthens his relationship with Lira as she continues to adapt to her role as Our Lady of Joy. Even closer as they devote themselves to this new family being created all around them, Jonas and Dove continue to spend time together as she too begins to realize that she can remake her life to find happiness. Now far more than a simple houseman, Thomas discovers to his dismay that his involvement is crucial to Our Lady’s success in the coming war foretold in the prophesy, even as his wife Annabelle remains steadfast in her devotion to her role as Our Lady’s Shield Maiden. Lira’s friend Hanna, hopeful that this trip might heal her broken heart, soon finds that such a thing is not to be as Blake Weymine and memories of the time they shared continue haunting her even in this new land. As Hanna devotes herself to the study of exotic new botanical species in an effort to ignore Blake, he struggles to be the man he wants to be, hopeful that he can some day regain her trust. Yet even as Lira’s extended family remains unaware of what the future will bring, Iranti, one of the Queen’s Seers, finds that she too has a role to play in helping Our Lady hold back the dark, even if it has yet to be revealed. But even in the opulent luxury of the palace, the ugly promise of the prophesy intrudes as Lira learns once more that being Our Lady of Joy is fraught with risk no matter where she resides.
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