An accessible history of multilateralism from its origins in the 1800s to the present Multilateralism has long been a study of contrasts. Nationalist impulses, diverging and shifting goals, and a lack of enforcement methods have plagued the international organizations that facilitate multilateralism. Yet the desire to seek peace, reduce poverty, and promote the global health of people and the planet pushes states to work together. These challenges, across time and the globe, have brought about striking, yet diverging, results. Here, Kathryn Lavelle offers a history of multilateralism from its origins in the nineteenth century to the present. Lavelle focuses on the creation and evolution of major problem-solving organizations, examines the governmental challenges they have confronted and continue to face from both domestic and transnational constituencies, and considers how nongovernmental organizations facilitate their work. Comprehensive and narrative-driven, this book should appeal to students with interests in global development, public health, the environment, trade, international finance, humanitarian law, and security studies.
Emerging market stock issuance relative to GDP rose in the late twentieth century to levels that roughly matched that of advanced, industrial markets. Nonetheless, the connection between owning shares of emerging market stock and the ability to influence the management of these firms remains fundamentally different from the analogous institutional connection that has evolved in industrial markets. The reasons for the differences in emerging markets are both historical and political in nature. That is, local equity markets have had the objective of providing for some degree of local ownership and control of large economic entities since the late nineteenth century. However, local markets have operated under different global political structures since that time, ranging from imperialism, to world wars, to sovereign developmental states, to neo-liberal states. Shares issued under these different structures have been reconfigured over time, resulting in a lack of convergence along either the Anglo-American or Continental models of corporate governance. The author uses a political science paradigm to explain the growth of emerging equity markets. She departs from conventional economic explanations and examines politics at the micro-level of large issues of emerging market stock. The second half of the book presents case studies dealing with emerging market countries in Latin America, Asia, Russia and Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East. The case studies connect the regional, state, and firm levels to detail the multiple ownership and control arrangements, and to dispel the notion that mere quantitative growth of these markets will lead to a convergence in financial institutional structures along the lines of the industrial core of the world economy.
Preface Introduction 1. Congressional Advocacy Towards International Organizations 2. Enacting a Multilateral Framework for Finance: Treasury and Congressional Compromise 3. Building Constituencies for the Bretton Woods Framework: Banks, Big Business, and the Cold War Coalition 4. Domestic Constituencies Speak: The End of Fixed Parity and the Rise of Development Lending 5. Iron Triangles Go Global: The 1982 Debt Crisis and the End of the Cold War 6. Widening the Circle, Narrowing the Outcome: The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis 7. Reviving a Role for the Bretton Woods Institutions: the Financial Crisis of 2008 8. Conclusions Notes Bibliography Index.
Kathryn C. Lavelle uses a political science paradigm to explain the growth of emerging equity markets. She departs from conventional economic explanations and examines politics at the micro-level of large issues of emerging market stock.
An accessible history of multilateralism from its origins in the 1800s to the present Multilateralism has long been a study of contrasts. Nationalist impulses, diverging and shifting goals, and a lack of enforcement methods have plagued the international organizations that facilitate multilateralism. Yet the desire to seek peace, reduce poverty, and promote the global health of people and the planet pushes states to work together. These challenges, across time and the globe, have brought about striking, yet diverging, results. Here, Kathryn Lavelle offers a history of multilateralism from its origins in the nineteenth century to the present. Lavelle focuses on the creation and evolution of major problem-solving organizations, examines the governmental challenges they have confronted and continue to face from both domestic and transnational constituencies, and considers how nongovernmental organizations facilitate their work. Comprehensive and narrative-driven, this book should appeal to students with interests in global development, public health, the environment, trade, international finance, humanitarian law, and security studies.
Preface Introduction 1. Congressional Advocacy Towards International Organizations 2. Enacting a Multilateral Framework for Finance: Treasury and Congressional Compromise 3. Building Constituencies for the Bretton Woods Framework: Banks, Big Business, and the Cold War Coalition 4. Domestic Constituencies Speak: The End of Fixed Parity and the Rise of Development Lending 5. Iron Triangles Go Global: The 1982 Debt Crisis and the End of the Cold War 6. Widening the Circle, Narrowing the Outcome: The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis 7. Reviving a Role for the Bretton Woods Institutions: the Financial Crisis of 2008 8. Conclusions Notes Bibliography Index.
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