Karleen Jones West's Books

Who Speaks for Nature?

Indigenous Movements, Public Opinion, and the Petro-State in Ecuador

By: Todd A. Eisenstadt,Karleen Jones West

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Who Speaks for Nature?

Indigenous Movements, Public Opinion, and the Petro-State in Ecuador

By: Todd A. Eisenstadt,Karleen Jones West

In 2009, Ecuador became the first nation ever to enshrine rights for nature in its constitution. Nature was accorded inalienable rights, and every citizen was granted standing to defend those rights. At the same time, the government advanced a policy of "extractive populism," buying public support for mineral mining by promising that funds from the mining would be used to increase public services. This book, based on a nationwide survey and interviews about environmental attitudes among citizens as well as indigenous, environmental, government, academic, and civil society leaders in Ecuador, offers a theory about when and why individuals will speak for nature, particularly when economic interests are at stake. Parting from conventional social science arguments that political attitudes are determined by ethnicity or social class, the authors argue that environmental dispositions in developing countries are shaped by personal experiences of vulnerability to environmental degradation. Abstract appeals to identity politics, on the other hand, are less effective. Ultimately, this book argues that indigenous groups should be the stewards of nature, but that they must do so by appealing to the concrete, everyday vulnerabilities they face, rather than by turning to the more abstract appeals of ethnic-based movements.

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Page Count

254

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190908971

ISBN 13

9780190908973

Candidate Matters

A Study of Ethnic Parties, Campaigns, and Elections in Latin America

By: Karleen Jones West

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Candidate Matters

A Study of Ethnic Parties, Campaigns, and Elections in Latin America

By: Karleen Jones West

In developing democracies, political parties built around charismatic personalities, coupled with populist campaigns, often ascend to power. This tactic has long been effective in Latin America, and has resulted in parties that rely heavily on personalistic appeals and vote-buying. The predominant view is that ethnic parties are an exception to this rule; they behave differently from traditional populist parties by attracting voters based on the expectation that they will create policies to provide for the groups that they represent. In Candidate Matters: A Study of Ethnic Parties, Campaigns, and Elections in Latin America, Karleen Jones West shows that under certain conditions, niche parties--such as ethnic parties--are not that different from their mainstream counterparts. Through a detailed examination of the Pachakutik party in Ecuador, she shows that the characteristics of individual candidates campaigning in their districts shapes party behavior. Ethnic parties that are initially programmatic can become personalistic and clientelistic because vote-buying is an effective strategy in rural indigenous areas, and because candidates with strong reputations and access to resources can create winning campaigns that buy votes and capitalize on candidates' personal appeal. Why do niche parties in developing democracies struggle to maintain programmatic and meaningful platforms? West argues that when candidates' legislative campaigns are personalistic and clientelistic in their districts, niche parties are unable to maintain unified programmatic support. By combining in-depth fieldwork on legislative campaigns in Ecuador with the statistical analyses of electoral results and public opinion, she demonstrates the importance of candidates and their districts for how niche parties compete, win, and become influential in developing democracies.

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241

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190068868

ISBN 13

9780190068868

Candidate Matters

A Study of Ethnic Parties, Campaigns, and Elections in Latin America

By: Karleen Jones West

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Candidate Matters

A Study of Ethnic Parties, Campaigns, and Elections in Latin America

By: Karleen Jones West

In developing democracies, where vote-buying and charismatic politicians are the norm, niche parties have been the greatest hope for advancing the interests of marginalized communities. In Candidate Matters: A Study of Ethnic Parties, Campaigns, and Elections in Latin America, Karleen Jones West uses in-depth fieldwork on political campaigns and statistical analyses of elections and public opinion to show how individual candidates undermine the policy goals of parties that were initially created to advance niche policy interests, like those of indigenous communities.

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241

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ISBN 10

0190068841

ISBN 13

9780190068844

Book's by Karleen Jones West

Who Speaks for Nature?

Who Speaks for Nature?

Candidate Matters

Candidate Matters

Candidate Matters

Candidate Matters

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