Toleration and State Institutions explores the rise of more charitable British policy toward Catholics in Ireland and in Quebec during the latter half of the eighteenth century. Applying a historical institutionalist approach, Karen Stanbridge demonstrates that "Catholic relief" arose more gradually, and encountered less opposition, than is generally maintained. Her careful analysis shows that the growth of toleration among political lites, and the concerns of administrators wishing to secure the allegiance of Catholic subjects, were only two of many factors leading to the development of policy kinder to Catholics. Toleration and State Institutions sheds new light on the official treatment (and mistreatment) of minorities at home during the height of British expansion abroad, offering a fascinating example of the divisions and rapprochements that characterize the relationship between state and society.
Toleration and State Institutions explores the rise of more charitable British policy toward Catholics in Ireland and in Quebec during the latter half of the eighteenth century. Applying a historical institutionalist approach, Karen Stanbridge demonstrates that "Catholic relief" arose more gradually, and encountered less opposition, than is generally maintained. Her careful analysis shows that the growth of toleration among political lites, and the concerns of administrators wishing to secure the allegiance of Catholic subjects, were only two of many factors leading to the development of policy kinder to Catholics. Toleration and State Institutions sheds new light on the official treatment (and mistreatment) of minorities at home during the height of British expansion abroad, offering a fascinating example of the divisions and rapprochements that characterize the relationship between state and society.
The study is a comparative historical work that looks at three pieces of British Catholic legislation--the Treaty of Limerick ratification bill (1697), the Quebec Act (1774) and the Irish Catholic Relief Act (1778)--to clarify the processes leading to these policy outcomes and show how the outcomes were associated with the general trend toward Catholic relief in the British empire during the eighteenth century. It makes use of the institutional approach, a perspective, it is argued, that allows for much more detailed analyses of policy events and long-term social transformations than are possible using traditional sociological approaches to state power and social change. In each case, the most important formal (constitutional principles, legal statutes) and informal (norms, established procedures) institutions governing the negotiation of the policy are identified, and the circumstances that gave rise to them and helped to institutionalise them are assessed. It is then shown how these institutions structured each policy-making process by establishing the "rules" individuals participating in the process had to follow, or take into account, during policy negotiations. By providing the structural framework within which each policy process took place, institutions shaped the way in which human action and contingency came together to encourage the emergence of a particular measure. The indirect influence of institutions on policy outcomes helps to explain variations in Catholic legislation over time and across territories. More than this, the thorough analyses of each policy event required by the institutional approach show that the factors usually used to explain the movement toward Catholic relief--the gradual growth of more tolerant attitudes among British elites, or considerations concerning military security or international diplomacy--can misrepresent the movement. The analysis reveals that, although the Quebec Act and the Irish Catholic Relief Act were linked, the nature of those connections was much less straightforward than these explanations suggest. The result shows that the movement toward Catholic relief was not driven by any one particular factor or force, but was the accumulation of the many complex, and largely unpredictable, outcomes of the specific events that comprised the transformation.
National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
Published Date
ISBN 10
0612311325
ISBN 13
9780612311329
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