Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains are a leading cause of diarrhea among infants in developing countries. These bacteria spread via fecal–oral transmission and colonize the small intestine. Typical EPEC differs from atypical strains in that they possess the bfp operon and generate a type IV-B class of fimbriae known as the bundle-forming pilus (BFP). EPEC uses BFP to attach to intestinal epithelium. Upon attachment, EPEC translocates effector proteins into the host cell via a type 3 secretion system, which is encoded on a pathogenicity island known as the locus of enterocyte effacement. Translocated effectors modulate the host response in a number of ways, including subversion of immune responses and hijacking of the cytoskeletal system. By inducing actin rearrangement, EPEC causes the formation of actin pedestals onto which it sits, and leads to the effacement of microvilli, giving this bacterium a characteristic attaching and effacing phenotype. EPEC infections are typically self-limiting, with rehydration therapy constituting primary treatment, but they can be protracted and lethal. Breastfeeding provides a great protective effect, validating the use of a vaccine to induce a humoral response in mother or child as a potential means of preventative action. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on EPEC pathogenesis and host cell responses and summarizes the current detection and treatment options available.
Learn to provide state-of-the-art care to any patient in any setting with the most comprehensive trauma nursing resource available. Using the unique cycles of trauma framework, Trauma Nursing: From Resuscitation Through Rehabilitation, 5th Edition features coverage of cutting-edge research findings and current issues, trends, and controversies in trauma nursing. The thoroughly updated fifth edition guides you through all phases of care - from preventive care and the time of injury to the resuscitative, operative, critical, intermediate, and rehabilitative stages. Plus, new chapters address unique trauma patient populations including pregnant women, children, the elderly, bariatric individuals, burned patients, those with a history of substance abuse and organ donors. With timely discussions on emerging topics such as mass casualty events and rural trauma, this is the most complete resource available for both students and experienced trauma nurses. UPDATED! Disaster preparedness, response and recovery for mass casualty incidents prepares students to act quickly and confidently in the event of a disaster, with guidelines for initial response and sustained response. UPDATED! The latest sepsis protocols, opioid use and pain/sedation protocols, and treating injured patients with diabetes. Special populations coverage prepares you to meet the needs of unique trauma patient populations including pregnant women, children, the elderly, bariatric individuals, burn patients, those with a history of substance abuse and organ donors. Coverage of specific issues that affect all patients regardless of their injury, gives you a solid understating of mechanism of injury, traumatic shock, patient/family psychosocial responses to trauma, pain, anxiety, delirium and sleep management; infection; wound healing, and nutrition. Tables and illustrations throughout add clarity to the content being discussed. NEW! Information on a team-centered, interdisciplinary approach to care. NEW! Up-to-date evidence-based information about issues that affect trauma care systems, includes injury pathophysiology, and state-of-the-art care for the trauma patient during all phases of care. NEW! All new content includes information on cultural sensitivity, care for caregivers, and how to handle self-harm injuries and suicide. NEW! Certification review questions help you to prepare for certification by listing the correct answers and rationales. NEW! Current recommendations for measuring fluid administration responsiveness.
This ambitious book explores challenges to male hegemony throughout continental Europe over the past 250 years. For general readers and those interested primarily in the historical record, it provides a comprehensive, comparative account of feminist developments in European societies, as well as a rereading of European history from a feminist perspective. By placing gender, or relations between women and men, at the center of European politics, it aims to reconfigure our understanding of the European past and to make visible a long but neglected tradition of feminist thought and politics. On another level the book seeks to disentangle some misperceptions and to demystify some confusing contemporary debates about the Enlightenment, reason, nature, and public vs. private, equality vs. difference. In the process, the author aims to show that gender is not merely 'a useful category of analysis', but that sexual difference lies at the heart of human thought and politics.
To assist teachers in implementing Response To Intervention (RTI), this book will link instructional techniques to assessment, ensuring that data truly informs instruction. This comprehensive resource will provide research-based interventions for each of the five components of reading identified by the National Reading Panel, as well as the important issue of motivation. Thought provoking questions about student learning will guide the teacher to the appropriate intervention, while step by step procedures for implementation of each technique, along with measures to monitor students' progress are what makes this book a "must have" for every classroom. Reproducible forms allow for easy management and data collection.
National Professional Resources Inc./Dude Publishing
Published Date
ISBN 10
1934032123
ISBN 13
9781934032121
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