This title was first published in 2002: An investigation into the problem of identifying the poor and determining the poverty line. The book focuses on one particular approach to the issue, where survey respondents are asked for their views, and outlines the four variants in the approach: the consensual income method; the consensual standard of living method; the income evaluation method; and the income satisfaction method. The book contains an extensive and thorough review of the theoretical and empirical literature, as well as rigorous analysis of survey data from Belgium. The result is a conclusive assessment of the validity and usefulness of the subjective and consensual approaches to poverty measurement.
This first of two volumes documents the history of the Roman Catholic Church in Indonesia from 1808, when, after two centuries, priests were again allowed in the Dutch colony, until 1903, when the the number of Catholics, only 27,000 at the time, started to grow spectacularly. The story of slow growth among the indigenous population, with many setbacks, is illustrated by 98 documents, which are included in their complete format and original language (mostly Dutch). Half of the book contains a lenghty introduction in which the history of Catholic missionary effort is spelled out, with, of course, a lot of attention for the islands where the Catholic clergy was actively engaged in proselytizing. This introduction is the first survey in English on the subject.
Indonesia is the home of the largest single Muslim community of the world. Its Christian community, about 10% of the population, has until now received no overall description in English. Through cooperation of 26 Indonesian and European scholars, Protestants and Catholics, a broad and balanced picture is given of its 24 million Christians. This book sketches the growth of Christianity during the Portuguese period (1511-1605), it presents a fair account of developments under the Dutch colonial administration (1605-1942) and is more elaborate for the period of the Indonesian Republic (since 1945). It emphasizes the regional differences in this huge country, because most Christians live outside the main island of Java. Muslim-Christian relations, as well as the tensions between foreign missionaries and local theology, receive special attention.
Systems Engineering is gaining importance in the high-tech industry with systems like digital single-lens reflex cameras, medical imaging scanners, and industrial production systems. Such systems require new methods that can handle uncertainty in the early phases of development, that systems engineering can provide. This book offers a toolbox approach by presenting the tools and illustrating their application with examples. This results in an emphasis on the design of systems, more than on analysis and classical systems engineering. The book is useful for those who need an introduction to system design and engineering, and those who work with system engineers, designers and architects.
Catholics in Independent Indonesia: 1945-2010 concludes Steenbrink’s three volume historical account of Catholicism in Indonesia with a detailed report of the survival and growth of this minority religion in Muslim Indonesia since its independence in 1945. Colonial Catholicism survived in the independent Republic of Indonesia during the nationalist Sukarno regime (1945-1965) and regained a new dynamic during the general religious revival that was part of the New Order of Soeharto after 1965. From a Dutch-inspired institution it became a fully Indonesian steered community with a modern and international character. The second half of the book will deal with the different regional developments in this vast country.
The view of ancient Israelite religion as monotheistic has long been traditional in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, religions that have elaborated in their own way the biblical image of a single male deity. But recent archaeological findings of texts and images from the Iron Age kingdoms of Israel and Judah and their neighbourhood offer a quite different impression. Two issues in particular raised by these are the existence of a female consort, Asherah, and the implication for monotheism; and the proliferation of pictorial representations that may contradict the biblical ban on images. Was the religion of ancient Israel really as the Bible would have us believe? This volume provides a comprehensive introduction to these issues, presenting the relevant inscriptions and discussing their possible impact for Israelite monotheism, the role of women in the cult, and biblical theology.
Indigenous Indonesian Catholics increased in number from 27,000 to nearly 550,000 between 1902 and 1942. At first scattered only through Minahasa, the Kai islands and Flores, after four decades Catholic centres were established in most of the archipelago, and there was even a small but well-educated and vocal minority in Central Java. It is this formative period in the growth of Catholicism in Indonesia that Steenbrink describes in detail. Catholics never constituted more than three per cent of the Indonesian population, one-third of all Christians. Steenbrink examines the rivalry of this minority with Protestants and their missionary activities, as well as the race with Islam in many parts of the outer islands, which had come under Dutch rule in the early twentieth century. This comprehensive work includes extensive details on the different European missionary orders and missionaries active at this time. Forty archival documents illustrate the proselytizing efforts in the archipelago. The first volume of Catholics in Indonesia, 1808-1942: A documented history appeared in 2003 (Volume I: A modest recovery, 1808-1903, KITLV Press).
This title was first published in 2002: An investigation into the problem of identifying the poor and determining the poverty line. The book focuses on one particular approach to the issue, where survey respondents are asked for their views, and outlines the four variants in the approach: the consensual income method; the consensual standard of living method; the income evaluation method; and the income satisfaction method. The book contains an extensive and thorough review of the theoretical and empirical literature, as well as rigorous analysis of survey data from Belgium. The result is a conclusive assessment of the validity and usefulness of the subjective and consensual approaches to poverty measurement.
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