Polymer Thermodynamics: Blends, Copolymers and Reversible Polymerization describes the thermodynamic basis for miscibility as well as the mathematical models used to predict the compositional window of miscibility and construct temperature versus volume-fraction phase diagrams. The book covers the binary interaction model, the solubility parameter
It takes into account the availability of desktop computer to the reader.Analysis in MS Excel spreadsheet are shown as worked examples. Models with little or no adjustable parameters are developed from first principles.Thermodynamic and exery analysis are used to evaluate a process.5 methods of analysis of a capital project, i.e., AW, annualized worth, PW, present worth,IRR, Internal Rate of Return, FW, future worth and ERR external rate of return are presented. Case Studies are used. Simulation and series solutions to model equations are sought when applicable. Correlations are developed from computer simulations of desired phenomena.
Global market sizes for nanocoatings and coatings are expected to be $14.3 billion and $123 billion, respectively, by the year 2019. Coatings can be classified according to their applications or method of preparation or type of property imparted to the product. They can be either solvent based or water based and may be comprised of polymers or inorganic materials. Nanocoatings with thicknesses less than 100 nm can offer superior performance properties compared with conventional coatings. Nanotuff was one of the first commercial nanocoatings, it contained nanosized particles suspended in an epoxy matrix. Coatings can have specific purposes such as corrosion resistance, antiabrasive resistance, scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and stain resistance to the objects they are applied on. This book contains some new theory in the areas of solubility parameter estimates using isentropic volume expansivity, compressibility, and surface tension effects during coating flows. This volume contains chapters on methods, solvents, drying and inks, and properties. Patents from leading companies such as Xerox, IBM, Intel, BASF, PPG, Boeing, Valspar, Toyota, Goodyear, Gaze Nanotech, Bell Helicopter, Procter & Gamble, and General Electric on nanocoatings are discussed in the book.
Global market sizes for nanocoatings and coatings are expected to be $14.3 billion and $123 billion, respectively, by the year 2019. Coatings can be classified according to their applications or method of preparation or type of property imparted to the product. They can be either solvent based or water based and may be comprised of polymers or inorganic materials. Nanocoatings with thicknesses less than 100 nm can offer superior performance properties compared with conventional coatings. Nanotuff was one of the first commercial nanocoatings it contained nanosized particles suspended in an epoxy matrix. Coatings can have specific purposes such as corrosion resistance, antiabrasive resistance, scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and stain resistance to the objects they are applied on. This book contains some new theory in the areas of solubility parameter estimates using isentropic volume expansivity, compressibility, and surface tension effects during coating flows. This volume contains separate chapters on introduction, applications, and stability.
In this day and age, the chemical process engineer strives to make products at a lower cost, with less pollution, while using a variety of raw materials. When a new product or process is found to be successful, more plants are built either by retrofit or existing similar plants, or by construction of large plants. Engineers involved in the scaling of new plants will need a solid understanding of the issues involved in multiple reactions, which can happen in a series, in parallel, and can be reversible. Computer software can be used provide detailed treatments of these reactions and readers of Multiple Reactions Galore will learn how to treat intermediate products during a complex reaction scheme. This two-volume set discusses the engineering design issues involved when multiple reactions occur in the considered process. Design issues such as product distribution, economic analysis and profitability as well as the sensitivity of important quantities such as yield, selectivity to rate constant ratios, will be presented in detail. The author explains how to use Excel spreadsheets to seek numerical solutions when closed form analytical solutions are not possible. The author also explores the importance of by-product and by-product yield, which is often overlooked in traditional reaction engineering textbooks.
In this day and age, the chemical process engineer strives to make products at a lower cost, with less pollution, while using a variety of raw materials. When a new product or process is found to be successful, more plants are built either by retrofit or existing similar plants, or by construction of large plants. Engineers involved in the scaling of new plants will need a solid understanding of the issues involved in multiple reactions, which can happen in a series, in parallel, and can be reversible. Computer software can be used provide detailed treatments of these reactions and readers of Multiple Reactions Galore will learn how to treat intermediate products during a complex reaction scheme. This two-volume set discusses the engineering design issues involved when multiple reactions occur in the considered process. Design issues such as product distribution, economic analysis and profitability as well as the sensitivity of important quantities such as yield, selectivity to rate constant ratios, will be presented in detail. The author explains how to use Excel spreadsheets to seek numerical solutions when closed form analytical solutions are not possible. The author also explores the importance of by-product and by-product yield, which is often overlooked in traditional reaction engineering textbooks.
Since the discovery of graphene as a distinct allotrope of carbon, with its potential to further increase the speed of microprocessors beyond 30 peta hertz, there has been a void in resources for students and practitioners—until now. This book provides information on the synthesis, characterization, application development, scaleup, stability analysis and structure property relations of graphene nanomaterials. Different methods of fabrication of graphenes are included, and the author discusses cost of production starting from capital costs, operating costs, and total optimal costs. These different processes to make graphene include: Roll to Roll Transfer Process, Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition, Atmospheric Plug Flow Reactor, APFR, Dispersion Using NMP, and numerous others. Sharma details the diffusion time calculations in intercalation, and exfoliation processes using both Fick and hyperbolic diffusion models.
GET FULLY UP-TO-DATE ON BIOINFORMATICS-THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE 21ST CENTURY Bioinformatics showcases the latest developments in the field along with all the foundational information you'll need. It provides in-depth coverage of a wide range of autoimmune disorders and detailed analyses of suffix trees, plus late-breaking advances regarding biochips and genomes. Featuring helpful gene-finding algorithms, Bioinformatics offers key information on sequence alignment, HMMs, HMM applications, protein secondary structure, microarray techniques, and drug discovery and development. Helpful diagrams accompany mathematical equations throughout, and exercises appear at the end of each chapter to facilitate self-evaluation. This thorough, up-to-date resource features: Worked-out problems illustrating concepts and models End-of-chapter exercises for self-evaluation Material based on student feedback Illustrations that clarify difficult math problems A list of bioinformatics-related websites Bioinformatics covers: Sequence representation and alignment Hidden Markov models Applications of HMMs Gene finding Protein secondary structure prediction Microarray techniques Drug discovery and development Internet resources and public domain databases
A Cutting-Edge Guide to Applying Transport Phenomena Principles to Bioengineering Systems Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering: Artificial Order Design and Development and Tissue Engineering explains how to apply the equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and mass to human anatomical systems. This authoritative resource presents solutions along with term-by-term medical significance. Worked exercises illustrate the equations derived, and detailed case studies highlight real-world examples of artificial organ design and human tissue engineering. Coverage includes: Fundamentals of fluid mechanics and principles of molecular diffusion Osmotic pressure, solvent permeability, and solute transport Rheology of blood and transport Gas transport Pharmacokinetics Tissue design Bioartificial organ design and immunoisolation Bioheat transport 541 end-of-chapter exercises and review questions 106 illustrations 1,469 equations derived from first principles
This book addresses the specific needs of undergraduate chemical engineering students for the two courses in Mass Transfer I and Mass Transfer II. It is also suitable for a course in Downstream Processing for biotechnology students. This self-contained textbook is designed to provide single-volume coverage of the full spectrum of techniques for chemical separations. The operations covered include vapour distillation, fluid adsorption, gas absorption, liquid extraction, solid leaching, gas humidification, solid drying, foam separation, solution crystallization, metal alloying, reverse osmosis, molecular sieves, electrodialysis, and ion exchange. The text also discusses emerging applications such as drug delivery, gel electrophoresis, bleaching, membrane separations, polymer devolatilization, solution crystallization, and gas chromatography. Equipment selection is discussed for different operations. A table of industrial applications for each and every mass transfer unit operation is provided. The worked examples illustrate problems from chemical process and biotechnology industries. Review questions encourage critical thinking, and end-of-chapter problems emphasize grasping of the fundamentals as well as illustrate applications of theory to a wide variety of scenarios. KEY FEATURES • Includes several case studies ranging from manufacture of vitamin C, prilling tower to granulate urea to vanaspati discolouration and wilting of the lettuce. • Introduces generalized Fick’s law of diffusion. • Discusses hollow fibre mass exchangers. • Introduces new concepts such as cosolvent factor, Z step procedure for multistage cross-current extraction.
Transient problems in transport phenomena have a variety of applications, ranging from drug delivery systems in chemotherapy in bioengineering to heat transfer to surfaces in fluidized bed combustion (FBC) boilers in mechanical engineering. However, the attention given to transient problems is disproportionate with its occurrence in the industry. Damped Wave Transport and Relaxation looks at transient problems in heat, mass and momentum transfer: including non-Fourier effects of conduction and relaxation; non-Fick effects of mass diffusion and relaxation; and non-Newtonian effects of viscous momentum transfer and relaxation. The author also reviews applications to current problems of interest and uses worked examples and illustrations to describe the manifestations of using generalized transport equations. This book is intended for graduate students in transport phenomena and is an ideal reference source for industrial engineers. * Provides a connection with molecular phenomena * Separate sections are devoted to heat, mass and momentum transfer * Includes exercises and examples of applications
A Cutting-Edge Guide to Applying Transport Phenomena Principles to Bioengineering Systems Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering: Artificial Order Design and Development and Tissue Engineering explains how to apply the equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and mass to human anatomical systems. This authoritative resource presents solutions along with term-by-term medical significance. Worked exercises illustrate the equations derived, and detailed case studies highlight real-world examples of artificial organ design and human tissue engineering. Coverage includes: Fundamentals of fluid mechanics and principles of molecular diffusion Osmotic pressure, solvent permeability, and solute transport Rheology of blood and transport Gas transport Pharmacokinetics Tissue design Bioartificial organ design and immunoisolation Bioheat transport 541 end-of-chapter exercises and review questions 106 illustrations 1,469 equations derived from first principles
This book addresses the specific needs of undergraduate chemical engineering students for the two courses in Mass Transfer I and Mass Transfer II. It is also suitable for a course in Downstream Processing for biotechnology students. This self-contained textbook is designed to provide single-volume coverage of the full spectrum of techniques for chemical separations. The operations covered include vapour distillation, fluid adsorption, gas absorption, liquid extraction, solid leaching, gas humidification, solid drying, foam separation, solution crystallization, metal alloying, reverse osmosis, molecular sieves, electrodialysis, and ion exchange. The text also discusses emerging applications such as drug delivery, gel electrophoresis, bleaching, membrane separations, polymer devolatilization, solution crystallization, and gas chromatography. Equipment selection is discussed for different operations. A table of industrial applications for each and every mass transfer unit operation is provided. The worked examples illustrate problems from chemical process and biotechnology industries. Review questions encourage critical thinking, and end-of-chapter problems emphasize grasping of the fundamentals as well as illustrate applications of theory to a wide variety of scenarios. KEY FEATURES • Includes several case studies ranging from manufacture of vitamin C, prilling tower to granulate urea to vanaspati discolouration and wilting of the lettuce. • Introduces generalized Fick’s law of diffusion. • Discusses hollow fibre mass exchangers. • Introduces new concepts such as cosolvent factor, Z step procedure for multistage cross-current extraction.
It takes into account the availability of desktop computer to the reader.Analysis in MS Excel spreadsheet are shown as worked examples. Models with little or no adjustable parameters are developed from first principles.Thermodynamic and exery analysis are used to evaluate a process.5 methods of analysis of a capital project, i.e., AW, annualized worth, PW, present worth,IRR, Internal Rate of Return, FW, future worth and ERR external rate of return are presented. Case Studies are used. Simulation and series solutions to model equations are sought when applicable. Correlations are developed from computer simulations of desired phenomena.
Global market sizes for nanocoatings and coatings are expected to be $14.3 billion and $123 billion, respectively, by the year 2019. Coatings can be classified according to their applications or method of preparation or type of property imparted to the product. They can be either solvent based or water based and may be comprised of polymers or inorganic materials. Nanocoatings with thicknesses less than 100 nm can offer superior performance properties compared with conventional coatings. Nanotuff was one of the first commercial nanocoatings, it contained nanosized particles suspended in an epoxy matrix. Coatings can have specific purposes such as corrosion resistance, antiabrasive resistance, scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and stain resistance to the objects they are applied on. This book contains some new theory in the areas of solubility parameter estimates using isentropic volume expansivity, compressibility, and surface tension effects during coating flows. This volume contains chapters on methods, solvents, drying and inks, and properties. Patents from leading companies such as Xerox, IBM, Intel, BASF, PPG, Boeing, Valspar, Toyota, Goodyear, Gaze Nanotech, Bell Helicopter, Procter & Gamble, and General Electric on nanocoatings are discussed in the book.
Since the discovery of graphene as a distinct allotrope of carbon, with its potential to further increase the speed of microprocessors beyond 30 peta hertz, there has been a void in resources for students and practitioners—until now. This book provides information on the synthesis, characterization, application development, scaleup, stability analysis and structure property relations of graphene nanomaterials. Different methods of fabrication of graphenes are included, and the author discusses cost of production starting from capital costs, operating costs, and total optimal costs. These different processes to make graphene include: Roll to Roll Transfer Process, Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition, Atmospheric Plug Flow Reactor, APFR, Dispersion Using NMP, and numerous others. Sharma details the diffusion time calculations in intercalation, and exfoliation processes using both Fick and hyperbolic diffusion models.
In this day and age, the chemical process engineer strives to make products at a lower cost, with less pollution, while using a variety of raw materials. When a new product or process is found to be successful, more plants are built either by retrofit or existing similar plants, or by construction of large plants. Engineers involved in the scaling of new plants will need a solid understanding of the issues involved in multiple reactions, which can happen in a series, in parallel, and can be reversible. Computer software can be used provide detailed treatments of these reactions and readers of Multiple Reactions Galore will learn how to treat intermediate products during a complex reaction scheme. This two-volume set discusses the engineering design issues involved when multiple reactions occur in the considered process. Design issues such as product distribution, economic analysis and profitability as well as the sensitivity of important quantities such as yield, selectivity to rate constant ratios, will be presented in detail. The author explains how to use Excel spreadsheets to seek numerical solutions when closed form analytical solutions are not possible. The author also explores the importance of by-product and by-product yield, which is often overlooked in traditional reaction engineering textbooks.
Microarray Analysis is a natural outgrowth of the author’s teaching and research into the fi eld of microarray processing, a fast growing and developing fi eld. There has been a reduction in the genominomics of sequencing of DNA and proteins: from $3 billion in HGP costs down to $1000 per genome in 2014 using next-generation sequencers. Different sequencing methods in place and various applications of these methods are illustrated. Commercially available Next-Generation Sequencers are compared side-side by side. This book will show how the biochemical reactions involved in the different steps of the cure process can be studied using microarray methods. Examples will be provided throughout the text of various disease states, including the spread of cystic fi brosis in children, consanguineous marriages in Saudi Arabia, genetic disorders, and autoimmune disorders. The protocols from sample preparation to confocal scanning microscopy and detectors using photo multiplier tubes to statistical data analysis methods will be discussed in detail. The Polymerase chain reaction, a technique used to amplify and simultaneously quantify a targeted DNA molecule is explored in relation to the best surface to be used for Microarray Analysis. Sanger sequencing, sequencing by synthesis, sequencing by ligation, single molecule sensing, DNA passage through nanopores in graphene are some methods used for obtaining sequence distribution information.
Transient problems in transport phenomena have a variety of applications, ranging from drug delivery systems in chemotherapy in bioengineering to heat transfer to surfaces in fluidized bed combustion (FBC) boilers in mechanical engineering. However, the attention given to transient problems is disproportionate with its occurrence in the industry. Damped Wave Transport and Relaxation looks at transient problems in heat, mass and momentum transfer: including non-Fourier effects of conduction and relaxation; non-Fick effects of mass diffusion and relaxation; and non-Newtonian effects of viscous momentum transfer and relaxation. The author also reviews applications to current problems of interest and uses worked examples and illustrations to describe the manifestations of using generalized transport equations. This book is intended for graduate students in transport phenomena and is an ideal reference source for industrial engineers. * Provides a connection with molecular phenomena * Separate sections are devoted to heat, mass and momentum transfer * Includes exercises and examples of applications
In this day and age, the chemical process engineer strives to make products at a lower cost, with less pollution, while using a variety of raw materials. When a new product or process is found to be successful, more plants are built either by retrofit or existing similar plants, or by construction of large plants. Engineers involved in the scaling of new plants will need a solid understanding of the issues involved in multiple reactions, which can happen in a series, in parallel, and can be reversible. Computer software can be used provide detailed treatments of these reactions and readers of Multiple Reactions Galore will learn how to treat intermediate products during a complex reaction scheme. This two-volume set discusses the engineering design issues involved when multiple reactions occur in the considered process. Design issues such as product distribution, economic analysis and profitability as well as the sensitivity of important quantities such as yield, selectivity to rate constant ratios, will be presented in detail. The author explains how to use Excel spreadsheets to seek numerical solutions when closed form analytical solutions are not possible. The author also explores the importance of by-product and by-product yield, which is often overlooked in traditional reaction engineering textbooks.
This is a modern first course on process control, instruments, process dynamics and stability. MS Excel spreadsheets are used in order to obtain solutions to non-linear equations when needed and closed form analytical solutions are obtained using Laplace transforms and other methods. The solutions are presented in 210 figures and the book has 1319 equations. With an industrial controls market size of about 150 billion dollars and a chemical process industry market size of three trillion dollars, the practioners can use this book to master techniques of P, proportional, PI, Proportional Integral, PD, Proportional Derivative feedback control, feedforword control, hybrid control, adaptive control, internal model control, ratio control, filtered real proportional integral derivative control, ANNs, artificial neural networks, SPC, and statistical process control. Control block diagrams are developed using MS Paint. Flavor for what is a continuous process is given using 18 process flow diagrams. Be it a feedback control of temperature in a mixing tank or a neural network design for a distillation column, the details and the big picture are both given. Pioneers who made this area possible include people such as Maxwell, Galileo, Sherwood, Levenspiel, Kalman, Laplace, Fermat, Damkholer, Newton, Fourier, Fick, Michaelis, Menten, Monod, Staudinger, Ziegler, Natta, Flory, Peclect, Bode, Nyquist, Biot, Bessel, Bernoulli (both father and son!), Euler, Stokes, Mach, Reynolds, Prandtl, Nusselt, Weiner, Hopf, Clapeyron, Clausius, Lorenz, and Kreb, who are mentioned where their theories were used in the analysis. Multiplicities in model predictions are shown and relevance to practical applications discussed. 11 different mathematical analysis methods are presented. Spectrum of applications ranging from Maxwell's investigations of dynamics of the centrifugal governor of a 18th century Boulton and Watt engine to control strategy for nanorobots are discussed.
Global market sizes for nanocoatings and coatings are expected to be $14.3 billion and $123 billion, respectively, by the year 2019. Coatings can be classified according to their applications or method of preparation or type of property imparted to the product. They can be either solvent based or water based and may be comprised of polymers or inorganic materials. Nanocoatings with thicknesses less than 100 nm can offer superior performance properties compared with conventional coatings. Nanotuff was one of the first commercial nanocoatings it contained nanosized particles suspended in an epoxy matrix. Coatings can have specific purposes such as corrosion resistance, antiabrasive resistance, scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and stain resistance to the objects they are applied on. This book contains some new theory in the areas of solubility parameter estimates using isentropic volume expansivity, compressibility, and surface tension effects during coating flows. This volume contains separate chapters on introduction, applications, and stability.
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