This book provides an introduction to opportunistic routing an emerging technology designed to improve the packet forwarding reliability, network capacity and energy efficiency of multihop wireless networks This book presents a comprehensive background to the technological challenges lying behind opportunistic routing. The authors cover many fundamental research issues for this new concept, including the basic principles, performance limit and performance improvement of opportunistic routing compared to traditional routing, energy efficiency and distributed opportunistic routing protocol design, geographic opportunistic routing, opportunistic broadcasting, and security issues associated with opportunistic routing, etc. Furthermore, the authors discuss technologies such as multi-rate, multi-channel, multi-radio wireless communications, energy detection, channel measurement, etc. The book brings together all the new results on this topic in a systematic, coherent and unified presentation and provides a much needed comprehensive introduction to this topic. Key Features: Addresses opportunistic routing, an emerging technology designed to improve the packet forwarding reliability, network capacity and energy efficiency of multihop wireless networks Discusses the technological challenges lying behind this new technology, and covers a wide range of practical implementation issues Explores many fundamental research issues for this new concept, including the basic principles of opportunistic routing, performance limits and performance improvement, and compares them to traditional routing (e.g. energy efficiency and distributed opportunistic routing protocol design, broadcasting, and security issues) Covers technologies such as multi-rate, multi-channel, multi-radio wireless communications, energy detection, channel measurement, etc. This book provides an invaluable reference for researchers working in the field of wireless networks and wireless communications, and Wireless professionals. Graduate students will also find this book of interest.
Cathodoluminescence (CL) is a non-destructive technique to characterize optical and electronic properties of nanostructures in many kinds of materials. Major subject is to investigate basic parameters in semiconductors, impurities in oxides and phase determination of minerals. CL gives information on carrier concentration, diffusion length and life time of minority carriers in semiconductors, and impurity concentration and phase composition in composite materials. This book involves 13 chapters to present the basics in the CL technique and applications to particles, thin films and nanostructures in semiconductors, oxides and minerals. The chapters covered in this book include recent development of CL technique and applications to wide range of materials used in modern material science.
This book is a study of the formation and the practice of Buddhist canons and an attempt to present as fully as possible the panorama of Chinese Buddhist faith. The book uses textual and archaeological sources, including Dunhuang texts, and adopts multiple perspectives such as textual evidence, historical circumstances, social life, as well as the intellectual background at the time.
3D printed electronics have captured much attention in recent years, owing to their success in allowing on-demand fabrication of highly-customisable electronics on a wide variety of substrates and conformal surfaces. This textbook helps readers understand and gain valuable insights into 3D printed electronics. It does not require readers to have any prior knowledge on the subject.3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing of Electronics: Principles and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress and discusses the fundamentals of the 3D printed electronics technologies, their respective advantages, shortcomings and potential applications. The book covers conventional contact printing techniques for printed electronics, 3D electronics printing techniques, materials and inks inks for 3D-printed electronics, substrates and processing for 3D-printed electronics, sintering techniques for metallic nanoparticle inks, designs and simulations, applications of 3D-printed electronics, and future trends. The book includes several related problems for the reader to test his or her understanding of the topics.This book is a good guide for anyone who is interested in the 3D printing of electronics. The book is also an effective textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses that aim to arm their students with a thorough understanding of the fundamentals of 3D printed electronics.Related Link(s)
Advances in Spinal Fusion reveals a new generation of materials and devices for enhanced operations in spinal fusion. This reference showcases emerging research and technologies in areas such as biodegradable implants, drug delivery, stem cell isolation and transfection, cell encapsulation and immobilization, and the design of 2D and 3D scaffolds for cells. It captures a cascade of innovations crucial to increased healing and decreased morbidity in spinal fusion methods and mechanics and addresses current standards in analytical methodology and quality control, it describes the selection of biomaterials for improved biocompatibility, biostability, and structure/function relationships.
Since the end of the Cold War, China has experienced several notable interstate crises: the 1999 'embassy bombing' incident, the 2001 EP-3 mid-air collision with a United States aircraft, and the Diaoyu/Senkaku dispute with Japan. China's response to each incident, however, has varied considerably. Drawing from a wealth of primary sources and interviews, this book offers a systematic analysis of China's crisis behavior in order to identify the factors which determine when Chinese leaders decide to escalate or scale down their response to crises. Inspired by prospect theory - a Nobel Prize-winning behavioral psychology theory - Kai He proposes a 'political survival prospect' model as a means to understand the disparities in China's behavior. He argues that China's response depends on a combination of three factors that shape leaders' views on the prospects for their 'political survival status', including the severity of the crisis, leaders' domestic authority, and international pressure.
This path-breaking book argues that printing—both with woodblocks and with movable type—exerted a profound influence on Chinese society in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
This book is devoted to dispersion theory in linear and nonlinear optics. Dispersion relations and methods of analysis in optical spectroscopy are derived with the aid of complex analysis. The book introduces the mathematical basis and derivations of various dispersion relations that are used in optical spectroscopy. In addition, it presents the dispersion theory of the nonlinear optical processes which are essential in modern optical spectroscopy. The book includes new methods such as the maximum entropy model for wavelength-dependent spectra analysis.
Kinetic Studies in GeO2/Ge System: A Retrospective from 2021 investigates reaction kinetics in GeO2/Ge systems, aiming to demonstrate the fundamentals of the GeO2/Ge interface and to give insight into the distinctive features and performance of Ge (germanium) applied to advanced complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. This book first reviews the development of MOS technology and discusses the potentials of emerging Ge and the challenges facing it as a contentious channel material, once promising to replace Si (silicon) for advanced nodes. The study systematically analyzes the following aspects of GeO2/Ge stacks that will shed light on the characteristics and reaction principles of the system: GeO2/Ge degradation, Ge passivation techniques, desorption kinetics of GeO from GeO2/Ge, the relationship between GeO2 crystallization and GeO2/Ge interface reaction, and the oxidation kinetics of Ge. Based on findings from the intrinsic properties of GeO2/Ge, the author also compares it with prevalent SiO2/Si systems and demonstrates the essential differences between the two, contributing to quality control, process optimization, and technology advancements of GeO2/Ge. The book will be a useful reference for researchers, professionals, and students interested in electronic materials, condenser matter physics, microelectronic engineering, and semiconductors.
This book discusses the architecture of future wireless networks, reliable communications between different nodes, and energy-efficient resource allocations for achieving sustainable wireless communications. To meet the increasing demands of wireless communication networks and achieve sustainable wireless communications, various promising technologies in this book have been investigated and developed. This book is to present cutting-edge research results on achieving sustainable wireless communications. In particular, the sustainable ultra-dense heterogeneous networks and the sustainability issues of non-orthogonal multiple access are investigated, the performances of cooperative networks with space-time network coding under different scenarios are evaluated, the dynamic estimation for a unified laser telemetry, tracking, and command system is discussed, and the energy-efficient resource allocation schemes are developed for future wireless communication networks. We believe that the results in this book can provide useful insights for the design of future wireless communication networks and achieving sustainable wireless communications. Graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the field of wireless communications can benefit from the book.
China’s Challenges and International Order Transition introduces an integrated conceptual framework of “international order” categorized by three levels (power, rules, and norms) and three issue-areas (security, political, and economic). Each contributor engages one or more of these analytical dimensions to examine two questions: (1) Has China already challenged this dimension of international order? (2) How will China challenge this dimension of international order in the future? The contested views and perspectives in this volume suggest it is too simple to assume an inevitable conflict between China and the outside world. With different strategies to challenge or reform the many dimensions of international order, China’s role is not a one-way street. It is an interactive process in which the world may change China as much as China may change the world. The aim of the book is to broaden the debate beyond the “Thucydides Trap” perspective currently popular in the West. Rather than offering a single argument, this volume offers a platform for scholars, especially Chinese scholars vs. Western scholars, to exchange and debate their different views and perspectives on China and the potential transition of international order.
Risk management is often complicated by situational uncertainties and the subjective preferences of decision makers. Fuzzy Hierarchical Model for Risk Assessment introduces a fuzzy-based hierarchical approach to solve risk management problems considering both qualitative and quantitative criteria to tackle imprecise information. This approach is illustrated through number of case studies using examples from the food, fashion and electronics sectors to cover a range of applications including supply chain management, green product design and green initiatives. These practical examples explore how this method can be adapted and fine tuned to fit other industries as well. Supported by an extensive literature review, Fuzzy Hierarchical Model for Risk Assessment comprehensively introduces a new method for project managers across all industries as well as researchers in risk management. this area.
This textbook provides a comprehensive scholarly introduction to Classical Chinese and its texts. Classical Chinese is the language of Confucius and Mencius and their contemporaries, who wrote the seminal texts of Chinese philosophy more than 2,000 years ago. Although it was used as a living language for only a relatively short time, it was the foundation of Chinese education throughout the Imperial age, and formed the basis of a literary tradition that continues to the present day. This book offers students all the necessary tools to read, understand, and analyse Classical Chinese texts, including: step-by-step clearly illustrated descriptions of syntactic features; core vocabulary lists; introductions to relevant historical and cultural topics; selected readings from classical literature with original commentaries and in-depth explanations; introductions to dictionaries and other reference works on the study of ancient China; and a guide to philological methods used in the critical analysis of Classical Chinese texts. The extensive glossary provides phonological reconstructions, word classes, English translations, and citations to illustrate usage, while the up-to-date bibliography serves as a valuable starting point for further research.
Mobile Edge Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges presents recent advances in wireless technologies and nonconvex optimization techniques for designing efficient edge AI systems. The book includes comprehensive coverage on modeling, algorithm design and theoretical analysis. Through typical examples, the powerfulness of this set of systems and algorithms is demonstrated, along with their abilities to make low-latency, reliable and private intelligent decisions at network edge. With the availability of massive datasets, high performance computing platforms, sophisticated algorithms and software toolkits, AI has achieved remarkable success in many application domains. As such, intelligent wireless networks will be designed to leverage advanced wireless communications and mobile computing technologies to support AI-enabled applications at various edge mobile devices with limited communication, computation, hardware and energy resources. Presents advanced key enabling techniques, including model compression, wireless MapReduce and wireless cooperative transmission Provides advanced 6G wireless techniques, including over-the-air computation and reconfigurable intelligent surface Includes principles for designing communication-efficient edge inference systems, communication-efficient training systems, and communication-efficient optimization algorithms for edge machine learning
An up-to-date overview of reflectometers used for optical spectroscopy of various kinds of liquids, ranging from well-known transparent liquids to "pathological" industrial liquids. The book reviews and explains basic materials for anyone wanting to get to know the theory, spectral analysis and modern devices needed for the measurement of refractive index and absorption of liquids. Moreover, the book gives an introduction to reflectivity from optically nonlinear liquids such as liquids containing nanoparticles.
This book explore the use of new technologies in the area of satellite navigation receivers. In order to construct a reconfigurable receiver with a wide range of applications, the authors discuss receiver architecture based on software-defined radio techniques. The presentation unfolds in a user-friendly style and goes from the basics to cutting-edge research. The book is aimed at applied mathematicians, electrical engineers, geodesists, and graduate students. It may be used as a textbook in various GPS technology and signal processing courses, or as a self-study reference for anyone working with satellite navigation receivers.
Held in Singapore from 9 to 11 October 2009, the 2009 International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (CBEE 2009) aims to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals from all over the world to present their research and development activities in chemical, biological and environmental engineering. Conference delegates will also have the opportunity to exchange new ideas and application experiences, establish business or research relations and find global partners for future collaboration.
This book seeks to model the possible emission trajectories and identify the feasible mitigation schemes for China to meet its climate commitments to peak emissions before 2030 and net zero emissions before 2060. In line with these ambitions, China has taken a number of measures to improve carbon efficiency and energy structure in recent years. The book first analyzes changes in the carbon footprint at the city level, identify the different pathways to peak emissions by province and industry, and develop a bottom-up approach to determining when and how China could reach peak emissions. It then illustrates how the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) reduces abatement costs, and examines the cost-saving effects under carbon intensity reduction and peak emissions targets. Based on the findings and the status quo in China, the authors propose a multicriteria allocation scheme for carbon emission allowances at the provincial level and quantify the impact of sectoral coverage on the abatement costs of the ETS by developing a cost-based approach to sectoral coverage in China. In addition, the co-benefits between CO2 and PM2.5 reductions as a result of the ETS operation are elaborated. The book will benefit researchers and policy-makers interested in environmental governance, climate policy, environmental economics, and sustainable development.
The book provides necessary knowledge for readers interested in developing the theory of uniform experimental design. It discusses measures of uniformity, various construction methods of uniform designs, modeling techniques, design and modeling for experiments with mixtures, and the usefulness of the uniformity in block, factorial and supersaturated designs. Experimental design is an important branch of statistics with a long history, and is extremely useful in multi-factor experiments. Involving rich methodologies and various designs, it has played a key role in industry, technology, sciences and various other fields. A design that chooses experimental points uniformly scattered on the domain is known as uniform experimental design, and uniform experimental design can be regarded as a fractional factorial design with model uncertainty, a space-filling design for computer experiments, a robust design against the model specification, and a supersaturated design and can be applied to experiments with mixtures.
Standards, Quality Control and Measurement Sciences in 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing addresses the critical elements of the standards and measurement sciences in 3D printing to help readers design and create safe, reliable products of high quality. With 3D printing revolutionizing the process of manufacturing in a wide range of products, the book takes key features into account, such as design and fabrication and the current state and future potentials and opportunities in the field. In addition, the book provides an in-depth analysis on the importance of standards and measurement sciences. With self-test exercises at the end of each chapter, readers can improve their ability to take up challenges and become proficient in a number of topics related to 3D printing, including software usage, materials specification and benchmarking. Helps the reader understand the quality framework tailored for 3D printing processes Explains data format and process control in 3D printing Provides an overview of different materials and characterization methods Covers benchmarking and metrology for 3D printing
Drawing on evidence from a wide range of classical Chinese texts, this book argues that xingershangxue, the study of "beyond form", constitutes the core argument and intellectual foundation of Daoist philosophy. The author presents Daoist xingershangxue as a typical concept of metaphysics distinct from that of the natural philosophy and metaphysics of ancient Greece since it focusses on understanding the world beyond perceivable objects and phenomena as well as names that are definable in their social, political, or moral structures. In comparison with other philosophical traditions in the East and West, the book discusses the ideas of dao, de, and "spontaneously self-so", which shows Daoist xingershangxue’s theoretical tendency to transcendence. The author explains the differences between Daoist philosophy and ancient Greek philosophy and proposes that Daoist philosophy is the study of xingershangxue in nature, providing a valuable resource for scholars interested in Chinese philosophy, Daoism, and comparative philosophy.
Devoted to novel optical measurement techniques that are applied both in industry and life sciences, this book contributes a fresh perspective on the development of modern optical sensors. These sensors are often essential in detecting and controlling parameters that are important for both industrial and biomedical applications. The book provides easy access for beginners wishing to gain familiarity with the innovations of modern optics.
Inspection and Monitoring Technologies of Transmission Lines with Remote Sensing helps readers build a thorough understanding of new technologies and world-class practices developed by the State Grid Corporation of China—the organization responsible for the world’s largest power distribution network. Monitoring the operational status of high-voltage transmission lines is critical in supply assurance and continuity. Given the physical size, geographical, and climate variances that transmission lines are subject to, remote sensing and inspection is a critical technology for power distribution organizations. This reference covers current and developing technologies, equipment, and methods for the safe and secure operation and maintenance of transmission lines, including satellite remote sensing technology, infrared and ultraviolet detection technology, helicopter inspection technology, and condition monitoring technology. Covers operational and technical principles, and equipment used in transmission line inspection and monitoring, with a focus on remote sensing technologies and solutions Covers power line fundamentals, remote sensing technologies, inspection technologies, fault detection technologies, and on-line monitoring Focuses on practical equipment and systems parameters to ensure readers are able to meet operational needs Covers control technologies that ensure safe and consistent transmission operation
This book intends to summarize the current situation at home and abroad about the treatment and consumption of various metallurgical wastes and domestic waste fertilizers and their products through metallurgical processes. It collects the process characteristics of the whole metallurgical process from sintering, blast furnace, electric furnace, converter, and other aspects, as well as the process parameters for treating various solid wastes, solves the problems that may be encountered in the relevant processes, and puts forward corresponding solutions, including the transformation of the process flow or the addition of some pre-treatment links. In addition, this book also evaluates some important production and digestion processes and puts forward relevant suggestions for readers to have a more comprehensive thinking. University teachers, graduate students, researchers, and engineers engaged in iron and steel metallurgy process, especially those who use iron and steel process to absorb metallurgical solid waste and domestic solid waste together, will be of great help to them.
Air Quality Monitoring and Advanced Bayesian Modeling introduces recent developments in urban air quality monitoring and forecasting. The book presents concepts, theories, and case studies related to monitoring methods of criteria air pollutants, advanced methods for real-time characterization of chemical composition of PM and VOCs, and emerging strategies for air quality monitoring. The book illustrates concepts and theories through case studies about the development of common statistical air quality forecasting models. Readers will also learn advanced topics such as the Bayesian model class selection, adaptive forecasting model development with Kalman filter, and the Bayesian model averaging of multiple adaptive forecasting models. Covers fundamental to advanced applications of urban air quality monitoring and forecasting Includes detailed descriptions and applications of the instruments necessary for the most successful monitoring techniques Presents case studies throughout to provide real-world context to the research presented in the book
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