Biotechnology is an emerging field of science and as such the government of India is laying a large and exclusive impetus on it. Plant tissue culture is the basic and the most important aspect of Biotechnology. All the molecular biological and biotechnological findings can only be realized in material by the plant tissue culture. Therefore, plant tissue culture has been introduced as a compulsory course in the Undergraduate and Postgraduate syllabi of all the Agricultural Universities, ICAR institutes and other plant science related educational organizations. This book has been designed to benefit the students, the research scholars and the scientists for developing a level of self-confidence to conduct the experiments independently and can acquire the practical skills along with the basic know-how about the techniques being used. Each chapter is devoted to a separate aspect of plant tissue culture and the chapters are arranged in the order of increasing technical complexity. The opening chapters present a brief historical survey of the field of plant tissue culture, a background in sterilization techniques. Various components of the nutrient medium have been dealt in greater detail. The text deals with the experimental details of each and every technique. The protocols have been simplified legibly to include details and notes that we hope will help the user avoid unnecessary errors and confusion. All the applications of plant tissue culture have been very well discussed and the techniques associated with them described in detail. This being a complete book on Plant tissue culture will solve all types of problem of the users who will not have to use other resource books for the same purpose.
Director of Agro-Ecosystem (Rainfed Farming) and Scientific Advisory Panel, National Agricultural Technology Project, CRIDA (ICAR), Hyderabad approved the sanctioned the budget of Rs. 87,59,000 to study the impact of watershed development programme on sustainability of land productivity and socio-economic development (ROPS-14 & 14A). Preliminary survey was conducted at 37 locations under different agro-ecosystems in India. However, final survey was conducted at 31 locations under different agro-eco regions covering 40 farmers in watershed development programme area and 40 farmers in non-watershed area at each location. Ten farmers of each category (marginal, small, medium and large farmers) were selected based on stratified random sampling technique. Trained Field Investigators collected data from farmers at different locations in India. Proformance covered natural resources, vegetation, watershed programme activities executed in watershed area, cropping programme, resource use in crop production, constraints and perception of farmers, cost and returns from crops and other enterprises, effect of soil and water conservation etc. Data were collected from the head of each household. Thus it covered about 1240 farmers in watershed area and 1240 farmers in non-watershed area. It covered 9 watersheds managed by National Watershed Development Programme for Rainfed Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, 6 watersheds managed by Ministry of Rural Development, 7 watersheds managed by Indian Council of Agriculture Research through its institutes, 5 watersheds managed by International Funded Agencies and 4 watersheds managed by Non-Government Organizations. Thus, we covered 5 different agencies. The study/surveys were conducted in arid, semi-arid, sub-humid and sub-parahumid regions in the country. Even different soils such as Alfisols, Vertisols, Inceptisols, Entisols, Aridisols, Cryothids, Verticsols etc. were covered. Different crops grown in India were also covered. Thus different agencies managed watersheds, different agro-ecosystems, various soil types etc. were covered for this study. The book indicates about raise in groundwater, soil erosion, runoff reduction, surface water generation, damage to soil and water conservation structures, productivity of crops, employment, income, benefit-cost ratio, perception of farmers on different problems etc. between watershed and non-watershed areas at each location under different agro-cliamtic conditions in India. Recommendations were made based on results, observations made during tours and discussion with staff of watershed programme etc. This book provides comprehensive idea about watersheds in India.
Director of Agro-Ecosystem (Rainfed Farming) and Scientific Advisory Panel, National Agricultural Technology Project, CRIDA (ICAR), Hyderabad approved the sanctioned the budget of Rs. 87,59,000 to study the impact of watershed development programme on sustainability of land productivity and socio-economic development (ROPS-14 & 14A). Preliminary survey was conducted at 37 locations under different agro-ecosystems in India. However, final survey was conducted at 31 locations under different agro-eco regions covering 40 farmers in watershed development programme area and 40 farmers in non-watershed area at each location. Ten farmers of each category (marginal, small, medium and large farmers) were selected based on stratified random sampling technique. Trained Field Investigators collected data from farmers at different locations in India. Proformance covered natural resources, vegetation, watershed programme activities executed in watershed area, cropping programme, resource use in crop production, constraints and perception of farmers, cost and returns from crops and other enterprises, effect of soil and water conservation etc. Data were collected from the head of each household. Thus it covered about 1240 farmers in watershed area and 1240 farmers in non-watershed area. It covered 9 watersheds managed by National Watershed Development Programme for Rainfed Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, 6 watersheds managed by Ministry of Rural Development, 7 watersheds managed by Indian Council of Agriculture Research through its institutes, 5 watersheds managed by International Funded Agencies and 4 watersheds managed by Non-Government Organizations. Thus, we covered 5 different agencies. The study/surveys were conducted in arid, semi-arid, sub-humid and sub-parahumid regions in the country. Even different soils such as Alfisols, Vertisols, Inceptisols, Entisols, Aridisols, Cryothids, Verticsols etc. were covered. Different crops grown in India were also covered. Thus different agencies managed watersheds, different agro-ecosystems, various soil types etc. were covered for this study. The book indicates about raise in groundwater, soil erosion, runoff reduction, surface water generation, damage to soil and water conservation structures, productivity of crops, employment, income, benefit-cost ratio, perception of farmers on different problems etc. between watershed and non-watershed areas at each location under different agro-cliamtic conditions in India. Recommendations were made based on results, observations made during tours and discussion with staff of watershed programme etc. This book provides comprehensive idea about watersheds in India.
Biotechnology is an emerging field of science and as such the government of India is laying a large and exclusive impetus on it. Plant tissue culture is the basic and the most important aspect of Biotechnology. All the molecular biological and biotechnological findings can only be realized in material by the plant tissue culture. Therefore, plant tissue culture has been introduced as a compulsory course in the Undergraduate and Postgraduate syllabi of all the Agricultural Universities, ICAR institutes and other plant science related educational organizations. This book has been designed to benefit the students, the research scholars and the scientists for developing a level of self-confidence to conduct the experiments independently and can acquire the practical skills along with the basic know-how about the techniques being used. Each chapter is devoted to a separate aspect of plant tissue culture and the chapters are arranged in the order of increasing technical complexity. The opening chapters present a brief historical survey of the field of plant tissue culture, a background in sterilization techniques. Various components of the nutrient medium have been dealt in greater detail. The text deals with the experimental details of each and every technique. The protocols have been simplified legibly to include details and notes that we hope will help the user avoid unnecessary errors and confusion. All the applications of plant tissue culture have been very well discussed and the techniques associated with them described in detail. This being a complete book on Plant tissue culture will solve all types of problem of the users who will not have to use other resource books for the same purpose.
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