The ?Fuzzy Explosion? emanating from Japan has compelled more people than ever to ponder the meaning and potential of fuzzy engineering. Scientists all over are now beginning to harness the power of fuzzy recognition and decision-making ? reminescent of the way the human mind works ? in computer applications.In this book a blue-ribbon list of contributors discusses the latest developments in topics such as possibility logic programming, truth-valued flow inference, fuzzy neural-logic networks and default knowledge representation. This volume is the first in a series aiming to document advances in fuzzy set theory and its applications.
The purpose of this book is to give an introduction to the Laplace transform on the undergraduate level. The material is drawn from notes for a course taught by the author at the Milwaukee School of Engineering. Based on classroom experience, an attempt has been made to (1) keep the proofs short, (2) introduce applications as soon as possible, (3) concentrate on problems that are difficult to handle by the older classical methods, and (4) emphasize periodic phenomena. To make it possible to offer the course early in the curriculum (after differential equations), no knowledge of complex variable theory is assumed. However, since a thorough study of Laplace. transforms requires at least the rudiments of this theory, Chapter 3 includes a brief sketch of complex variables, with many of the details presented in Appendix A. This plan permits an introduction of the complex inversion formula, followed by additional applications. The author has found that a course taught three hours a week for a quarter can be based on the material in Chapters 1, 2, and 5 and the first three sections of Chapter 7. If additional time is available (e.g., four quarter-hours or three semester-hours), the whole book can be covered easily. The author is indebted to the students at the Milwaukee School of Engineering for their many helpful comments and criticisms.
Dynamics of Stellar Systems focuses on the theoretical problems in stellar dynamics. The book first offers information on stellar dynamics, including historical development, fundamentals of synthetic method, and value of stellar dynamics. The text discusses the fundamental concepts of stellar statistics. Properties of univariate distribution functions; multivariate distribution functions; and statistical properties of stars are explained. The text then describes the elementary theory of galactic rotation and irregular forces in stellar systems. The text also tackles statistical stellar dynamics of neglecting encounters. Considerations include Boltzmann equation in curvilinear coordinates; importance of using one-valued integrals of the motion; and fundamental differential equation of stellar dynamics. The book also underscores the regular orbit of stars and dynamics of centroids. The text describes the dynamics of spherical stellar and rotating stellar systems. The theory of polytropic spheres; basic equations for spherical systems; masses and rotation of galaxies; and boundaries of galaxies are discussed. The text is highly recommended for readers interested in stellar dynamics.
Demodulators typically include low pass filters to recover signals from wideband frequency modulated carriers. Multispeed analogue tape machines normally require the carrier frequency to be set to a value proportional to tape speed. Reproducing hardware usually includes sets of filters, with bandwidth proportional to tape speed, for use with the demodulators. By dividing the frequency of the reproduced signal, a filter corresponding to a lower tape speed can be used and low pass filtering of recorded data signals can be readily achieved. However some unwanted noise components can be generated. These noise components are examined critically and a method of reducing them is demonstrated. (Author).
This book is unlike many other books you may see on the bookshelf that focus on the theory of LEAN management. It goes beyond theory to provide practical examples and actual case studies to enhance the understanding of LEAN concepts. It is also as a valuable source of practical ideas.
This book is designed to fulfill a dual role. On the one hand it provides a description of the rheological behavior of molten poly mers. On the other, it presents the role of rheology in melt processing operations. The account of rheology emphasises the underlying principles and presents results, but not detailed deriva tions of equations. The processing operations are described qualita tively, and wherever possible the role of rheology is discussed quantitatively. Little emphasis is given to non-rheological aspects of processes, for example, the design of machinery. The audience for which the book is intended is also dual in nature. It includes scientists and engineers whose work in the plastics industry requires some knowledge of aspects of rheology. Examples are the polymer synthetic chemist who is concerned with how a change in molecular weight will affect the melt viscosity and the extrusion engineer who needs to know the effects of a change in molecular weight distribution that might result from thermal degra dation. The audience also includes post-graduate students in polymer science and engineering who wish to acquire a more extensive background in rheology and perhaps become specialists in this area. Especially for the latter audience, references are given to more detailed accounts of specialized topics, such as constitutive relations and process simulations. Thus, the book could serve as a textbook for a graduate level course in polymer rheology, and it has been used for this purpose.
Airborne equipment developed for use in the acquisition and recording of both analogue and digital data is described. These data are recorded using a single analogue magnetic tape transport. A reference frequency, for use in servo speed control of the ground station tape reproducing machine, is combined with speech using a balanced modulator. Recording of these data is performed using direct techniques. Up to eight channels of analogue data, which may require measurement over large bandwidth (up to 20 kilohertz), are time multiplexed at rates which are variable over a wide range. Recording of the multiplexed data is performed using frequency modulation techniques. A highly stable crystal oscillator generates an input clock for a time code generator which provides time-of-day in digital form. Up to 32 channels of analogue data, requiring measurement at relatively low bandwidth but at high accuracy, are time multiplexed and converted to digital form using commercially available airborne equipment. The digital output from the above equipment together with that from the time code generator and from up to two digital transducers are multiplexed digitally. The digital data are serialized and converted to a form suitable for recording using the analogue tape machine. (Author).
The techniques described enable analogue or digital signals reproduced using one magnetic tape machine to be transmitted via land line cable and copied using another machine situated remotely (at least up to 270 metres). Also signals, generated using transducers for example, may be transmitted from a remote location to a tape recording machine or other receiving equipment. A frequency divider in conjunction with standard magnetic tape reproducer hardware provides a simple means of the low pass filtering of data recorded in frequency modulated form. Consideration is given to the production of an intermediate tape with filtered data.
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