This volume contains major chapters on derivation of Navier-Stokes equations, exact solutions, potential theory, boundary-layer theory and turbulent flows. Shorter chapters on hydrodynamic stability and compressible flow are included. An introduction to numerical methods for boundary-layer equations and a review of experimental techniques are also covered. All chapters contain worked examples followed by a large collection of unsolved problems. New concepts are introduced systematically and the reader is led to analyze challenging applications. Taken together, the text and the problems are intended to enable engineers to take up quickly the analysis of practical problems.
Fluid mechanics continues to dominate the world of engineering. Applications only seem to be proliferating, and the importance of teaching the subject from first principles is widely felt. The second edition maintained this focus, while continuing to establish the link between principles and practice. The Third edition includes a substantial revision of Chapter 2. The link between a control volume approach and a boundary-value formulation stemming from Navier-Stokes equations is explained. The utility of momentum and energy equations for analysis at the scale of a control volume is highlighted. Bernoulli equation is shown to be a special form of the more general energy equation. Various suggestions and improvements have also been incorporated in other chapters. The goal, as before, is to train students so that they can create, design and analyze flow systems in the real world. This book was first published in 1996, and a revised edition was released in 1999. Quite a few comments and suggestions were received from students and colleagues. These ideas formed the basis of the second edition in 2005. The present edition continues to bridge the gap between first and higher level text books on the subject. It shows that the approximate approaches of Chapter 2 are essentially globally averaged versions of the local treatment that, in turn is covered in considerable detail in subsequent chapters. NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION: - Link between a control volume approach and a boundary-value formulation arising from Navier-Stokes equations - Utility of momentum and energy equations for analysis at the scale of a control volume - Bernoulli equation shown to be a special form of the more general energy equation - Examples of flow rate and force calculations from a control volume approach - Additional unsolved examples in Chapter 2
This book is an ensemble of six major chapters, an introduction, and a closure on modeling transport phenomena in porous media with applications. Two of the six chapters explain the underlying theories, whereas the rest focus on new applications. Porous media transport is essentially a multi-scale process. Accordingly, the related theory described in the second and third chapters covers both continuum‐ and meso‐scale phenomena. Examining the continuum formulation imparts rigor to the empirical porous media models, while the mesoscopic model focuses on the physical processes within the pores. Porous media models are discussed in the context of a few important engineering applications. These include biomedical problems, gas hydrate reservoirs, regenerators, and fuel cells. The discussion reveals the strengths and weaknesses of existing models as well as future research directions.
This book is an expanded form of the monograph, Dropwise Condensation on Inclined Textured Surfaces, Springer, 2013, published earlier by the authors, wherein a mathematical model for dropwise condensation of pure vapor over inclined textured surfaces was presented, followed by simulations and comparison with experiments. The model factored in several details of the overall quasi-cyclic process but approximated those at the scale of individual drops. In the last five years, drop level dynamics over hydrophobic surfaces have been extensively studied. These results can now be incorporated in the dropwise condensation model. Dropwise condensation is an efficient route to heat transfer and is often encountered in major power generation applications. Drops are also formed during condensation in distillation devices that work with diverse fluids ranging from water to liquid metals. Design of such equipment requires careful understanding of the condensation cycle, starting from the birth of nuclei, followed by molecular clusters, direct growth of droplets, their coalescence, all the way to instability and fall-off of condensed drops. The model described here considers these individual steps of the condensation cycle. Additional discussions include drop shape determination under static conditions, a fundamental study of drop spreading in sessile and pendant configurations, and the details of the drop coalescence phenomena. These are subsequently incorporated in the condensation model and their consequences are examined. As the mathematical model is spread over multiple scales of length and time, a parallelization approach to simulation is presented. Special topics include three-phase contact line modeling, surface preparation techniques, fundamentals of evaporation and evaporation rates of a single liquid drop, and measurement of heat transfer coefficient during large-scale condensation of water vapor. We hope that this significantly expanded text meets the expectations of design engineers, analysts, and researchers working in areas related to phase-change phenomena and heat transfer.
This text provides a comprehensive background to the numerical solution of equations arising in fluid flow and heat transfer problems. Robust methods which have emerged in the past decade for solving physical problems involving complex geometry as well as complex physics are emphasised. Algorithms suitable for main frame as well as desktop computing are covered. One of the goals of the book is to make well-developed numerical techniques immediately accessible to senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, college teachers, designers and research workers who would like to employ computational tools in their profession. Each of these groups will be aware of the host of applications where computational fluid flow and heat transfer is expected to make its mark. These include: performance prediction of thermal and nuclear power plants; aerospace and defence applications, steel mills, polymer and food processing industry; cement plants; themal design of electronic circuit boards and enhanced oil recovery from porous rock formation.
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