Many African American children make use of African American English (AAE) in their everyday lives, and face academic barriers when introduced to Standard American English (SAE) in the classroom. Research has shown that students who can adapt and use SAE for academic purposes demonstrate significantly better test scores than their less adaptable peers. Accordingly, AAE use and its confirmed inverse relationship to reading achievement have been implicated in the Black-White Test Score Gap, thus becoming the focus of intense research and practical interest. This volume discusses dialectal code-switching from AAE to SAE and stresses the benefits and importance of African American students becoming bi-dialectal. It provides background theory and science supporting the most promising educational approach to date, Contrastive Analysis, a set of longstanding methods drawn from Second Language research and used effectively with students ranging from kindergarten through college. It offers a deeper knowledge of AAE use by students, the critical features of Contrastive Analysis, and detailed information about successful applications which teachers can apply in their own pedagogy.
This handy guide is packed with the all the info you need to stay alive and well in the field, including disease diagnosis and treatment, drugs and dosages, emergency paramedical skills and preventive medicine. Special sections cover wartime emergencies (burn and blast injuries; nuclear, biological and chemical warfare; and emergency surgery) as well as primitive and veterinary medicine, obstetrics, pediatrics and orthopedics. Also includes practical survival techniques.
Each year, Advances in Surgery reviews the most current practices in general surgery. A distinguished editorial board, headed by Dr. John Cameron, identifies key areas of major progress and controversy and invites preeminent specialists to contribute original articles devoted to these topics. These insightful overviews in general surgery bring concepts to a clinical level and explore their everyday impact on patient care.
Each year, Advances in Surgery reviews the most current practices in general surgery. A distinguished editorial board, headed by Dr. John Cameron, identifies key areas of major progress and controversy and invites preeminent specialists to contribute original articles devoted to these topics. These insightful overviews in general surgery bring concepts to a clinical level and explore their everyday impact on patient care.
From the foreword: "It has been a great comfort over the years to know that Alan Craig was always able and willing to guide the growth of the Florida Collection and provide sound numismatic counsel. His knowledge of the collection is based on years of experience and personal examination of each and every coin. It is a pleasure to be able to present once again a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the Florida Collection of Gold Coins."--James J. Miller, state archaeologist and chief, Bureau of Archaeological Research Dazzling numismatic treasures await readers of this new volume that catalogues and characterizes the splendors of the Florida Collection of Spanish Coins. An updated version of the author's earlier publication, Gold Coins of the 1715 Spanish Fleet (now out of print), it includes more than 100 new additions to the collection. The publication of Spanish Colonial Gold Coins in the Florida Collection (alongside its recently released companion, Spanish Colonial Silver Coins in the Florida Collection) makes available Florida's magnificent collection of Spanish coins in richly detailed photographs accompanied by vivid descriptions. Presented in accordance with current numismatic standards of description, analysis, and publication, Alan Craig's account of the coins goes far beyond ordinary standards to bring alive the history of the coins' production, transport, and loss at sea. The perfect guide to this treasure-house, Craig's book conveys the importance and fascination of the largest known collection of Spanish colonial shipwreck coins in the world. For collectors, scholars, and everyone else who has ever been fascinated by Spanish treasure fleets, this book offers countless hours of enjoyment and information. Alan K. Craig is professor emeritus of geography and geology at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton and coeditor of In Quest of Mineral Wealth. He is also the author of a companion volume, Spanish Colonial Silver Coins in the Florida Collection.
After Spain's colonial American mints poured forth a flood of silver coins, some of that treasure ended up in wrecks off the Florida coast. Alan Craig's captivating study explains how those coins were made and what historians and numismatists can learn from them."--Kendall W. Brown, Brigham Young University "The State of Florida is indeed fortunate that its colonial coin inventory, Florida's shipwreck patrimony, could be studied by Alan Craig. This work enriches us all."--Eugene Lyon, author of The Enterprise of Florida: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and the Spanish Conquest of 1565-1568 and The Search for the Atocha The State of Florida owns a vast collection, nearly 23,000 specimens, of Spanish treasure coins salvaged from shipwrecks in Florida waters. It is the largest of its kind in existence. Alan Craig explains the circumstances behind their manufacture and describes the transporting of these unique hand-made coins, a complicated business full of intrigue and royal regulations. When freshly minted gold and silver left the Spanish colonial viceroyalties of Peru and Mexico aboard fleets of galleons headed to Spain, a number of ships sank off the coast of Florida. Counterfeiting was rife at the time, and Craig discusses a variety of mint scandals, especially those perpetrated by the notorious Francisco Gomez de la Rocha. Craig also analyzes coins from the mints of Mexico City, Potosi, Lima, and elsewhere. He follows the procedure of making coins, from mining the silver to refining it and ultimately converting it into coins of various sizes, and takes readers on a vivid "virtual" visit to a mint where they watch African slaves pour molten silver from furnaces into special molds and witness the days of constant hammering, annealing, die striking, blanching, weighing, and counting and recounting necessary to produce a sack of coins. Outstanding specimens from the Florida collection are depicted in numerous superb photographs, many enlarged to show elements of the engraving discussed in the text. In a final section Craig discusses the numismatic significance of the thousands of coins in the collection. As both an economic history and a numismatic study, this work will be a fascinating resource for historians, archaeologists, coin collectors, and general readers interested in maritime treasure. Alan K. Craig is professor emeritus of geography and geology at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton and coeditor of In Quest of Mineral Wealth.
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