The discovery and fabrication of new materials have opened the gate for new research fields in science and technology. The novel method of fabricating graphene, a purely 2D carbon lattice, and the discovery of the phenomenon of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in magnetic multilayers are not exceptions. The latter has brought about the creation of the
Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement: Mechanisms, Mechanics, and Design enables readers to understand complicated hydrogen-material interactions and conduct better material selection and strength design for hydrogen components. The book reviews the fundamental mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement, the various behaviors of hydrogen in metallic materials such as diffusion, solution, and trapping, and emphasizes the necessary properties for effective strength design of various materials under the influence of hydrogen, including tensile properties, fatigue life, fatigue limit, fatigue crack-growth, and fracture toughness. Sections provide experimental data obtained in hydrogen gas at various pressures and temperatures together with the fractographic observations, including practical interpretation of hydrogen compatibility of materials based on tensile, fatigue and fracture mechanics testing results. Material testing machines and methods, the effects of hydrogen on various BCC steels, austenitic steels, and non-ferrous metals, and practical applications and methods of strength design for hydrogen vessels and components are all included as well. - Enables a better understanding of hydrogen-material interactions, allowing for better material selection and strength design - Provides insights on the hydrogen-induced degradation of materials strength at the atomic, macroscale and microscale - Looks at a number of degradative behaviors in a variety of materials, including BCC steels, austenitic steels and non-ferrous metals - Includes verification tests, case studies, applications and experimental data
This is a unique analysis of the present Japanese political system which will interest both political economists and non-specialists alike. For the first time approaches used to analyse American and European political systems are applied to 'mysterious' Japan.
These two modern classics by the great Japanese novelist Junichiro Tanizaki, both utilize the diary form to explore the authority that love and sex have over all. In The Key, a middle-aged professor plies his wife of thirty years with any number of stimulants, from brandy to a handsome young lover, in order to reach new heights of pleasure. Their alternating diaries record their separate adventures, but whether for themselves or each other becomes the question. Diary of a Mad Old Man records, with alternating humor and sadness, seventy-seven-year-old Utsugi’s discovery that even his stroke-ravaged body still contains a raging libido, especially in the unwitting presence of his chic, mysterious daughter-in-law.
This book describes how we can design and make efficient processors for high-performance computing, AI, and data science. Although there are many textbooks on the design of processors we do not have a widely accepted definition of the efficiency of a general-purpose computer architecture. Without a definition of the efficiency, it is difficult to make scientific approach to the processor design. In this book, a clear definition of efficiency is given and thus a scientific approach for processor design is made possible. In chapter 2, the history of the development of high-performance processor is overviewed, to discuss what quantity we can use to measure the efficiency of these processors. The proposed quantity is the ratio between the minimum possible energy consumption and the actual energy consumption for a given application using a given semiconductor technology. In chapter 3, whether or not this quantity can be used in practice is discussed, for many real-world applications. In chapter 4, general-purpose processors in the past and present are discussed from this viewpoint. In chapter 5, how we can actually design processors with near-optimal efficiencies is described, and in chapter 6 how we can program such processors. This book gives a new way to look at the field of the design of high-performance processors.
The fabrication method for graphene and discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in magnetic multilayers foster new research. The latter has brought about spintronics, which utilizes spin and charge degrees of freedom of electrons. As for the former, many applications have been proposed; however, no practical devices have been developed in the field of spintronics. The aim of this book is to provide hints to overcome the difficulties in graphene applications in spintronics by comparing the physical properties of graphene and magnetoresistive (MR) phenomena in spintronics.
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