Introduction to Thermoelectricity is the latest work by Professor Julian Goldsmid drawing on his 55 years experience in the field. The theory of the thermoelectric and related phenomena is presented in sufficient detail to enable researchers to understand their observations and develop improved thermoelectric materials. The methods for the selection of materials and their improvement are discussed. Thermoelectric materials for use in refrigeration and electrical generation are reviewed. Experimental techniques for the measurement of properties and for the production of thermoelements are described. Special emphasis is placed on nanotechnology which promises to yield great improvements in the efficiency of thermoelectric devices. Chapters are also devoted to transverse thermoelectric effects and thermionic energy conversion, both techniques offering the promise of important applications in the future.
This book outlines the principles of thermoelectric generation and refrigeration from the discovery of the Seebeck and Peltier effects in the nineteenth century through the introduction of semiconductor thermoelements in the mid-twentieth century to the more recent development of nanostructured materials. It is shown that the efficiency of a thermoelectric generator and the coefficient of performance of a thermoelectric refrigerator can be related to a quantity known as the figure of merit. The figure of merit depends on the Seebeck coefficient and the ratio of the electrical to thermal conductivity. It is shown that expressions for these parameters can be derived from the band theory of solids. The conditions for favourable electronic properties are discussed. The methods for selecting materials with a low lattice thermal conductivity are outlined and the ways in which the scattering of phonons can be enhanced are described. The application of these principles is demonstrated for specific materials including the bismuth telluride alloys, bismuth antimony, alloys based on lead telluride, silicon-germanium and materials described as phonon-glass electron-crystals. It is shown that there can be advantages in using the less familiar transverse thermoelectric effects and the transverse thermomagnetic effects. Finally, practical aspects of thermoelectric generation and refrigeration are discussed. The book is aimed at readers who do not have a specialised knowledge of solid state physics.
Now in its second edition, Construction Law is the standard work of reference for busy construction law practitioners, and it will support lawyers in their contentious and non-contentious practices worldwide. Published in three volumes, it is the most comprehensive text on this subject, and provides a unique and invaluable comparative, multi-jurisdictional approach. This book has been described by Lord Justice Jackson as a "tour de force", and by His Honour Humphrey LLoyd QC as "seminal" and "definitive". This new edition builds on that strong foundation and has been fully updated to include extensive references to very latest case law, as well as changes to statutes and regulations. The laws of Hong Kong and Singapore are also now covered in detail, in addition to those of England and Australia. Practitioners, as well as interested academics and post-graduate students, will all find this book to be an invaluable guide to the many facets of construction law.
The International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) investigates the ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. ICCS 2016 is a continuation of a study initiated in 2009. This document outlines the framework and assessment design for the ICCS 2016. ICCS 2016 will report on student knowledge and understanding of key aspects of civics and citizenship, as well as student attitudes to, and engagement with, civic life. This survey is intended to respond to enduring and emerging challenges of educating young people in a world where contexts of democracy and civic participation continue to change. New developments include the increase in the use of social media as a tool for civic engagement, growing concerns about global threats and sustainable development, as well as recognition of the role of schools in fostering peaceful ways of interaction between young people. iccs 2016="" is="" sponsored="" by="" the="" international="" association="" for="" evaluation="" of="" educational="" achievement="" (iea).="" over="" past="" 50="" years,="" iea="" has="" conducted="" comparative="" research="" studies="" in="" a="" range="" domains="" focusing="" on="" policies,="" practices,="" and="" outcomes="" many="" countries="" around="" world.="" prior="" to="" iccs="" 2016,="" three="" civic="" citizenship="" education,="" with="" first="" survey="" implemented="" 1971,="" second="" one="" 1999,="" third="" 2009.="" ="" p
This carefully crafted ebook: "Life and Genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne: Letters, Diaries, Reminiscences and Extensive Biographies" is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) was an American novelist and short story writer. His writing centers on New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered to be part of Dark romanticism. His themes often centre on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. Excerpt: "My dearest Sophie, I had a parting glimpse of you, Monday forenoon, at your window—and that image abides by me, looking pale, and not so quiet as is your wont. I have reproached myself many times since, because I did not show my face, and then we should both have smiled; and so our reminiscences would have been sunny instead of shadowy. But I believe I was so intent on seeing you, that I forgot all about the desirableness of being myself seen" Content: Letters: Browne's Folly (a letter for the Essex Institute) Love Letters (To Miss Sophia Peabody) - Volume I&II Letter to the Editor of the Literary Review Memoirs: American Notebooks (Volume I & II) English Notebooks (Volume I & II) French and Italian Notebooks (Volume I & II) Biographies and Reminiscences of Hawthorne: The Life and Genius of Hawthorne by Frank Preston Stearns Hawthorne and His Circle by Julian Hawthorne Memories of Hawthorne by Rose Hawthorne Lathrop Hawthorne and His Moses by Herman Melville 'Fifty Years of Hawthorne': Four Americans by Henry A. Beers George Eliot, Hawthorne, Goethe, Heine: My Literary Passions by William Dean Howell Life of Great Authors by Hattie Tyng Griswold Yesterday With Authors by James T. Field Hawthorne and Brook Farm by George William Curtis Biographical sketch by George Parsons Lathrop
Musaicum Books presents to you this carefully created volume of "The Complete Autobiographical Writings of Nathaniel Hawthorne ". This ebook has been designed and formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804–1864) was an American novelist and short story writer. His writing centers on New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered to be part of Dark romanticism. His themes often centre on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. Excerpt: "My dearest Sophie, I had a parting glimpse of you, Monday forenoon, at your window—and that image abides by me, looking pale, and not so quiet as is your wont. I have reproached myself many times since, because I did not show my face, and then we should both have smiled; and so our reminiscences would have been sunny instead of shadowy. But I believe I was so intent on seeing you, that I forgot all about the desirableness of being myself seen" Content: Letters: Browne's Folly (a letter for the Essex Institute) Love Letters (To Miss Sophia Peabody) - Volume I&II Letter to the Editor of the Literary Review Memoirs: American Notebooks (Volume I & II) English Notebooks (Volume I & II) French and Italian Notebooks (Volume I & II) Biographies and Reminiscences of Hawthorne: The Life and Genius of Hawthorne by Frank Preston Stearns Hawthorne and His Circle by Julian Hawthorne Memories of Hawthorne by Rose Hawthorne Lathrop Hawthorne and His Moses by Herman Melville 'Fifty Years of Hawthorne': Four Americans by Henry A. Beers George Eliot, Hawthorne, Goethe, Heine: My Literary Passions by William Dean Howell Life of Great Authors by Hattie Tyng Griswold Yesterday With Authors by James T.
This book outlines the principles of thermoelectric generation and refrigeration from the discovery of the Seebeck and Peltier effects in the nineteenth century through the introduction of semiconductor thermoelements in the mid-twentieth century to the more recent development of nanostructured materials. It is shown that the efficiency of a thermoelectric generator and the coefficient of performance of a thermoelectric refrigerator can be related to a quantity known as the figure of merit. The figure of merit depends on the Seebeck coefficient and the ratio of the electrical to thermal conductivity. It is shown that expressions for these parameters can be derived from the band theory of solids. The conditions for favourable electronic properties are discussed. The methods for selecting materials with a low lattice thermal conductivity are outlined and the ways in which the scattering of phonons can be enhanced are described. The application of these principles is demonstrated for specific materials including the bismuth telluride alloys, bismuth antimony, alloys based on lead telluride, silicon-germanium and materials described as phonon-glass electron-crystals. It is shown that there can be advantages in using the less familiar transverse thermoelectric effects and the transverse thermomagnetic effects. Finally, practical aspects of thermoelectric generation and refrigeration are discussed. The book is aimed at readers who do not have a specialised knowledge of solid state physics.
Introduction to Thermoelectricity is the latest work by Professor Julian Goldsmid drawing on his 55 years experience in the field. The theory of the thermoelectric and related phenomena is presented in sufficient detail to enable researchers to understand their observations and develop improved thermoelectric materials. The methods for the selection of materials and their improvement are discussed. Thermoelectric materials for use in refrigeration and electrical generation are reviewed. Experimental techniques for the measurement of properties and for the production of thermoelements are described. Special emphasis is placed on nanotechnology which promises to yield great improvements in the efficiency of thermoelectric devices. Chapters are also devoted to transverse thermoelectric effects and thermionic energy conversion, both techniques offering the promise of important applications in the future.
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