This book focuses on energy metabolism and brain functions related to Cortical Spreading Depression of Leao (CSD), an important issue in brain pathophysiology. The first part of the book offers a comprehensive overview of the history and early research on CSD, and then discusses the recent advances in the technology used to map and monitor brain mitochondrial NADH redox state and other physiological functions during CSD. The chapters explore the connection between CSD and mitochondrial function under hypoxia, Ischemia and various drugs treatment, and provide a resource to scientists researching the development of CSD during various brain pathophysiological conditions. This book is essential to scientists and students working in the field of bioenergetics of the brain and various organs and tissues in the body. The use of this technology is also crucial and applicable in the neuroscience field.
The title Translating Investments, a manifold pun, refers to metaphor and clothing, authority and interest, and trading and finance. Translation, Latin translatio, is historically a name for metaphor, and investment, etymologically a reference to clothing, participates both in the complex symbolism of early modern dress and in the cloth trade of the period. In this original and wide-ranging book, Judith Anderson studies the functioning of metaphor as a constructive force within language, religious doctrine and politics, literature, rhetoric, and economics during the reigns of the Tudors and early Stuarts. Invoking a provocative metaphorical concept from Andy Clark's version of cognitive science, she construes metaphor itself as a form of scaffolding fundamental to human culture. A more traditional and controversial conception of such scaffolding is known as sublation-Hegel's Aufhebung, or raising, as the philosophers Jacques Derrida and Paul Ricoeur have understood this term. Metaphor is the agent of raising, or sublation, and sublation is inseparable from the productive life of metaphor, as distinct in its death in code or cliché. At the same time, metaphor embodies the sense both of partial loss and of continuity, or preservation, also conveyed by the term Aufhebung. Anderson's study is simultaneously critical and historical. History and the theory are shown to be mutually enlightening, as are a wide variety of early modern texts and their specific cultural contexts. From beginning to end, this study touches the present, engaging questions about language, rhetoric, and reading within post-structuralism and neo-cognitivism. It highlights connections between intellectual problems active in our own culture and those evident in the earlier texts, controversies, and crises Anderson analyzes. In this way, the study is bifocal, like metaphor itself. While Anderson's overarching concern is with metaphor as a creative exchange, a source of code-breaking conceptual power, each of her chapters focuses on a different but related issue and cultural sector. Foci include the basic conditions of linguistic meaning in the early modern period, instantiated by Shakespeare's plays and related to modern theories of metaphor; the role of metaphor in the words of eucharistic institution under Archbishop Cranmer; the play of metaphor and metonymy in the writings of Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin and in John Donne's Devotions; the manipulation of these two tropes in the politics of the controversy over ecclesiastical vestments and in its treatment by John Foxe; the abuse of figuration in the house of Edmund Spenser's Busirane, where catachresis, an extreme form of metaphor, is the trope du jour; the conception of metaphor in the Roman rhetorics and their legacy in the sixteenth century; and the concept of exchange in the economic writing of Gerrard de Malynes, merchant and metaphorist in the reigns of Elizabeth and James. What emerges at the end of this book is a heightened critical sense of the dynamic of metaphor in cultural history.
Six million Jews died in Europe, and the Holocaust lives on in the minds of those individuals who survived the worst genocide the world has ever known. One, by One, by One is a masterwork—a stark and haunting exploration of how people rationalize history, how rationalization gives birth to lies, how the victims are blamed, and history's horrors are forgotten.
The wives of rulers in early modern Europe did far more than provide heirs for their principalities and adornment for their courts. In this study, Judith Aikin examines the exceptionally well-documented actions of one such woman, Aemilia Juliana of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1637-1706), in order to expand our understanding of the role of ruler’s consort in the small principalities characteristic of Germany during this period. Aikin explores a wide range of writings by her subject, including informal letters to another woman, hundreds of devotional song texts, manuscript books both devotional and practical, and published pamphlets and books. Also important for this study are the plays, paintings, and musical works that adorned the court under Aemilia Juliana’s patronage; the books, poems, and sermons published in her honor; and the massive memorial volume printed and distributed soon after her death. This material, when coupled with the more scanty record in official documents, reveals the nature and scope of Aemilia Juliana’s role as full partner in the ruling couple. Among the most important findings based on this evidence are those related to Aemilia Juliana’s advocacy for women of all social classes through her authorship and publications, her support for the education of girls, her efforts to ameliorate the fear and suffering of pregnant and birthing women, and her contributions to female support networks. In examining the career of a consort whose various activities are so well documented, this study helps to fill in the blanks in the documentary record of numerous consorts across early modern Europe, and serves as a model for future research on other consorts at other courts.
Fictions of Advice historicizes the late medieval mirrors (or handbooks) for princes to reveal how the ambiguities and contradictions characteristic of the genre are responses to—as well as attempts to manage—the risks implicit in advising a king. Often thought of as moralizing advice unable to engage political conflicts, the mirrors for princes have been taken for dull and conventionalized testimonies to the medieval taste for platitude. Judith Ferster maintains that advice was at the center of one of the important political debates in the late Middle Ages: how to constrain the king and allow for his subjects' participation. Fictions of Advice rereads the English mirrors for princes to show how their moralizing was often highly topical and even subversive. Although overtly deferential to the rulers they address, the mirrors' authors were surprisingly capable of criticism and opposition. In putting the texts back into their historical contexts, Ferster reveals the vital cultural and political function they fulfilled in their societies.
Buber came to play a role in the development of so-called third force psychology. . . . In the exchange between Buber and [Carl] Rogers, one can see how far they both were from the world of Freud, which presumes an omniscient analyst dealing with curiously foolish neurotics. Freud’s aloofness might have been self deception, but he never advocated anything like the mutual give-and-take that Buber and Rogers had in mind. . . . Buber’s mind was in another world from that of early psychoanalysis, and the passage of time has shown how relevant his thinking can be to how we approach the healing professions.”—from the Introduction
How did marriage come to be seen as the foundation and guarantee of social stability in Third Republic France? In Sexing the Citizen, Judith Surkis shows how masculine sexuality became central to the making of a republican social order. Marriage, Surkis argues, affirmed the citizen's masculinity, while also containing and controlling his desires. This ideal offered a specific response to the problems—individualism, democratization, and rapid technological and social change—associated with France's modernity. This rich, wide-ranging cultural and intellectual history provides important new insights into how concerns about sexuality shaped the Third Republic's pedagogical projects. Educators, political reformers, novelists, academics, and medical professionals enshrined marriage as the key to eliminating the risks of social and sexual deviance posed by men-especially adolescents, bachelors, bureaucrats, soldiers, and colonial subjects. Debates on education reform and venereal disease reveal how seriously the social policies of the Third Republic took the need to control the unstable aspects of male sexuality. Surkis's compelling analyses of republican moral philosophy and Emile Durkheim's sociology illustrate the cultural weight of these concerns and provide an original account of modern French thinking about society. More broadly, Sexing the Citizen illuminates how sexual norms continue to shape the meaning of citizenship.
This study describes the origins of early Reformed confessional development using the example of those congregations of religious refugees most heavily influenced by John Laski: the congregation at Emden and the Dutch and French Strangers’ Churches in London. At its center are questions about the congregation as the location of ecclesiology. The outlines of Laski’s theology--which viewed the congregation as the communion of the body of Christ--are described in comparison to the approaches of other Reformers and in relationship to daily reality in the second half of the sixteenth century. Working from a rich base of source materials, the author discusses the development of teachings on church offices and the practice of church discipline, thus illuminating the self-understanding of the three congregations. Becker shows how reciprocal influences and attempts to conform led to the unification of doctrine and community life within these congregations.
Through the colorful family histories and rich detail of the Zimmern Chronicle, historian Judith Hurwich examines marriage, family, and sexuality among the early modern German nobility. She uses the house chronicles of the Zimmern family and the families of the counts and barons with whom they intermarried to investigate marriage and nonmarital sexuality in the southwest German nobility in the late fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries. Along with a deeper look at women’s roles as wives, mothers, and concubines, Noble Strategies shines a light on the intimate lives of the early modern German elite.
From its obscure beginning as a system for organizing machine shops, Scientific Management has grown into the major technocratic ideology of the twentieth century. Its development and international diffusion have influenced industrial productivity, the social fabric of industrial society, and even the nature of government. In this study of the movement's growth, Merkle compares the writings of the American, German, French, British, and Soviet vanguards of Scientific Management and finds that those who advocated efficiency engineering were considerably more than pragmatists seeking immediate technical solutions to production problems. Rather, they were visionaries who sought to reconcile class conflict, restructure government, and create a universal technocratic utopia by achieving efficient mass production and rationalized distribution. The call for a "mental revolution," which permeates their writings, found sympathizers among capitalists and socialists alike; that revolution affected not only the structure of modern industrialism but also the organization of the state itself. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980.
Human beings are interpreters. •When, what, and how do we interpret? •Which is more reliable: literal information or symbolic expression? •What consequences—in school and in all of life—are attached to our interpretative judgments? We find answers to these questions in stories. Beginning with the question “What do these stones mean?” in Joshua 4, Stones and Stories examines the elements, purposes, and effects of storytelling and story-writing. Written for high school students, Stones and Stories is filled with questions, writing suggestions, sample essays, and drawing exercises to promote meaningful engagement with Scripture and with literature in general. Its questions are suitable for individual reflection and group study and discussion.
Meet a new kind of working dog: the eco dog! These heroic hounds team up with wildlife scientists to help save endangered animals and habitats all over the world. Using their super sense of smell, eco dogs track down invasive species, collect samples from endangered animals, and stop the smuggling of rare animals. These dogs have helped protect animals like grizzly bears, sea turtles, and cheetahs! It takes a special kind of dog to do this kind of work, however. Only a dog that has lots of energy, good concentration, and enjoys working with a trainer has what it takes to become an eco dog. Packed with real-life stories and dramatic, full-color photos of eco dogs at work, this book is sure to be a favorite of dog lovers everywhere.
Was gemeint ist, wenn vom 8. Mai gesprochen wird, ist angesichts der Heterogenität der Daten und Ereignisse sowie ihrer Bezeichnungen und Deutungen keineswegs evident. Paradoxerweise kommt der bedingungslosen Kapitulation der Wehrmacht kein eindeutiges Datum zu, und die Orte der Unterzeichnung der Kapitulationserklärung – am 7. Mai in Reims und aus protokollarischen Gründen am 8./9. Mai 1945 in Berlin-Karlshorst wiederholt – spielen im öffentlichen Diskurs nahezu keine Rolle. Eine europäische Verständigung über Datum, Ort und Bedeutung des 8. Mai ist bis heute nicht erfolgt, selbst unter Ausklammerung Deutschlands. Das Kriegsende und die Befreiung von der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft waren geschichtliche Prozesse, die an unterschiedlichen geografischen Orten zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten und in unterschiedlichen Zeiträumen stattfanden. Die vorliegende Publikation zeigt Polyvalenzen, Widersprüche und Konflikte der Erinnerung an den 8. Mai auf, die sich aus einer internationalen, interdisziplinären und diachronen Perspektive ergeben. Prozesse der Auswahl und Konstruktion sowie die Frage danach, wann und warum sie erfolgreich werden, stehen im Fokus der Aufsätze. Sie lassen sich drei Schwerpunkten zuordnen: diskursiven Auseinandersetzungen, medialen Repräsentationen und ritualisierten, individuellen oder politischen Handlungsweisen. Geografisch werden Russland, Deutschland, Kroatien, Großbritannien, Polen, Italien, Frankreich und Israel einbezogen, analysiert werden Literatur, Fotografie, Ausstellungen, Denkmale, Architektur und Bildende Kunst, Diskurse auf nationaler und lokaler Ebene sowie Feierlichkeiten und Gedenkveranstaltungen.
In the Image of God: A Feminist Commentary on the Torah is a unique blend of traditional Judaism and radical feminism and is a groundbreaking commentary on the Bible, the central document of Jewish life. Using classical Jewish sources as well as supplementary material from history, anthropology, sociology, psychology, ancient religion, and feminist theory, Judith Antonelli has examined in detail every woman and every issue pertaining to women in the Torah, parshah by parshah. The Torah is divided into fifty-four portions; each portion, or parshah, is read in the synagogue on the Sabbath (combining a few to make a yearly cycle of readings). This book is modeled on that structure; hence there are fifty chapters, each of which corresponds to a parshah. One may, therefore, read this book from beginning to end or use it as a study guide for the parshah of the week. The reader will discover in these pages that the Torah is not the root of misogyny, sexism, or male supremacy. Rather, by looking at the Torah in the context in which it was given, the pagan world of the ancient Near East, it becomes clear that far from oppressing women, the Torah actually improved the status of women as it existed in the surrounding societies. Not only does this book refute the common feminist stereotype that Judaism is a "patriarchal religion" but it also refutes the sexism found in Judaism by exposing it as sociological rather than "divine law.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1859. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost.
The Old English translation of the biblical Judith is preserved in only 1 manuscript, the 'B.L. Cotton Vitellius A.XV'. Even though the extant text is incomplete at the beginning and possibly at the end, the poem is an exceptionally fine piece of Old English writing. This study considers all different aspects of its composition and reception.
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