Juan P. Valdez was born May 25, 1938 in Canjilon, New Mexico, the second of Amarante and Philomena Valdez' seven children. Juan's father took him out of school after the third grade to help with the raising of crops and tending of livestock necessary to support the family. After having been continuously denied grazing permits by the U. S. Forest Service it was necessary for Juan to sneak his family's cattle on and off the forest pastures on a daily basis. While in his mid-twenties Juan met Reies Lopez Tijerina, a charismatic former preacher who was traveling from village to village in Northern New Mexico speaking out about how the United States had stolen hundreds of thousands of acres of grant lands that were supposed to have been protected by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Juan was the first of eight members of Tijerina's Alianza to enter the Rio Arriba County courthouse on June 5, 1967 in a failed attempt to arrest the local district attorney, Alfonso Sanchez. Ironically, the judge in the courthouse that day was J. M. Scarborough, the father of Mike Scarborough who would wind up assisting Juan in the telling of his family history. Trespassers On Our Own Land is the history of the Valdez family from the time Spain granted Juan Bautista Valdez, Juan's great, great, great-grandfather an interest in a land grant located around the present village of Canones, New Mexico. Mike Scarborough grew up in Espanola, sixty miles south of where Juan grew up. After having spent eight years in the United States Air Force, Mike returned to New Mexico, attended college and law school, and practiced law in the area for twenty-five years. Some years ago he was asked by his good friend, Juan Valdez, to help write Juan's family history. Mike recently completed a five year study of Juan's family history and the period during the late 1800s and early 1900s when the United States government chose to claim ownership of million of acres of then existing land grants and to deny the settlers who had lived on them for over eighty years their legitimate right to use the land. Trespassers on Our Own Land is the result of his research.
Juan P. Valdez was born May 25, 1938 in Canjilon, New Mexico, the second of Amarante and Philomena Valdez' seven children. Juan's father took him out of school after the third grade to help with the raising of crops and tending of livestock necessary to support the family. After having been continuously denied grazing permits by the U. S. Forest Service it was necessary for Juan to sneak his family's cattle on and off the forest pastures on a daily basis. While in his mid-twenties Juan met Reies Lopez Tijerina, a charismatic former preacher who was traveling from village to village in Northern New Mexico speaking out about how the United States had stolen hundreds of thousands of acres of grant lands that were supposed to have been protected by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Juan was the first of eight members of Tijerina's Alianza to enter the Rio Arriba County courthouse on June 5, 1967 in a failed attempt to arrest the local district attorney, Alfonso Sanchez. Ironically, the judge in the courthouse that day was J. M. Scarborough, the father of Mike Scarborough who would wind up assisting Juan in the telling of his family history. Trespassers On Our Own Land is the history of the Valdez family from the time Spain granted Juan Bautista Valdez, Juan's great, great, great-grandfather an interest in a land grant located around the present village of Canones, New Mexico. Mike Scarborough grew up in Espanola, sixty miles south of where Juan grew up. After having spent eight years in the United States Air Force, Mike returned to New Mexico, attended college and law school, and practiced law in the area for twenty-five years. Some years ago he was asked by his good friend, Juan Valdez, to help write Juan's family history. Mike recently completed a five year study of Juan's family history and the period during the late 1800s and early 1900s when the United States government chose to claim ownership of million of acres of then existing land grants and to deny the settlers who had lived on them for over eighty years their legitimate right to use the land. Trespassers on Our Own Land is the result of his research.
This book focuses on the fields of neural networks, swarm optimization algorithms, clustering and fuzzy logic. This book describes a hybrid method with three different techniques of intelligence computation: neural networks, optimization algorithms and fuzzy logic. Within the neural network techniques, competitive neural networks (CNNs) are used, for the optimization algorithms technique, we used the fireworks algorithm (FWA), and in the area of fuzzy logic, the Type-1 Fuzzy Inference Systems (T1FIS) and the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference Systems (IT2FIS) were used, with their variants of Mamdani and Sugeno type, respectively. FWA was adapted for data clustering with the goal to help of competitive neural network to find the optimal number of neurons. It is important to mention that two variants were applied to the FWA: dynamically adjust of parameters with Type-1 Fuzzy Logic (FFWA) as the first one and Interval Type-2 (F2FWA) as the second one. Subsequently, based on the outputs of the CNN and with the goal of classification data, we designed Type-1 and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Inference Systems of Mamdani and Sugeno type. This book is intended to be a reference for scientists and engineers interested in applying a different metaheuristic or an artificial neural network in order to solve optimization and applied fuzzy logic techniques for solving problems in clustering and classification data. This book is also used as a reference for graduate courses like the following: soft computing, swarm optimization algorithms, clustering data, fuzzy classify and similar ones. We consider that this book can also be used to get novel ideas for new lines of research, new techniques of optimization or to continue the lines of the research proposed by the authors of the book.
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