Cutting through the confusion around the nature and implications of digitalization, this book explores the rise of the new digital networks, how they affect traditional infrastructure, and how they will eventually need to be regulated. The authors examine how digitalization affects infrastructures in telecommunications, transport, and energy, and how digital platforms establish themselves as a new network on top of and in addition to traditional ones. Complex concepts are introduced through short and colorful stories about the founders of the most popular platforms (Google, Facebook, Skype, Uber, etc.) and how they grew to positions of power, drawing parallels with century-old traditional network industries’ monopoly power (AT&T, General Electric, etc.). The authors argue that these digital platforms strongly interfere with traditional infrastructures that are heavily regulated and provide essential services for society – meaning that digital platforms should be considered as a new and much more powerful type of infrastructure and will require regulation accordingly. A global audience of policy makers, public authorities, consultants, lawyers, students, and academics, as well as anyone with an interest in these digital platforms, will find this book enlightening and essential reading.
Based on more than 500 hours of interviews with key political elites (under both the Franco regime and the current democracy), extensive analyses of public opinion and electoral behavior surveys, and other original research, the book sheds important new light on Spain's democractic regime and its key institutions."--BOOK JACKET.
Standard characterization methods of biological cells are time consuming and may reduce cell viability by staining them with markers. An alternative fast and non-destructive method is developed using impedance spectroscopy, which has potential applications in biology. The technique is used to identify tumor cells in mice, detect bacterial eye infections, monitor fruit ripening, and measure sweat lactate concentration in humans by using a skin sensor. These applications often require a portable measurement system. Therefore, three portable systems were designed and tested. It has been shown that the method can be further improved by four-terminal measurements. For extension of the method in the millimeter-wave frequencies, full electromagnetic simulation of the chip has been carried out, and electrodes and interconnections have been adjusted accordingly.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.