Before 1840 the American iron industry consisted in the main of small furnaces obliged by their need of the charcoal they used for fuel to locate in areas of heavy forest. Around these isolated furnaces grew communities of workers and their families, and of the farmers and service people who supplied their needs. In hundreds of forest clearings there could be found rural industrial settlements as distinctive in form and as important in product as the New England town or the Southern plantation. Hopewell Village tells the story of one such community, which, from 1771 to 1883, made iron in Southern Berks County, Pennsylvania. What little has been written about the iron villages has concentrated largely on the techniques of furnace operation. This book is concerned with the lives of the people of the iron plantations, from the wealthy ironmaster to the youngest indentured servant, and how they interacted with each other and with the outside world in work, religion, education, and play. Special attention has been given to the lives of minorities. While every part of the book is documented for the scholar-reader, the style of writing is plain enough to be read with meaning by those who have little background in the techniques either of the iron industry or historiography. Containing much original source material, tables, tabulations and numerous photographs, Hopewell Village should be of interest to students of industrial history, transportation, labor relations, and race relations, as well as to the general reader of American history.
The 29th Infantry was on the front lines on D-Day, Battle of Normandy, and was the first division to cross the Elbe into Germany. When, on January 17, 1946, the 29th Infantry Division was deactivated, 28,776 soldiers had been killed, wounded, taken prisoner or missing. In September 1944, Joseph H. Ewing joined the famed 29th Infantry Division of the Maryland-Virginia National Guard as the unit was readying to storm the port city of Brest, France. In Germany, he led his rifle platoon in making an assault crossing of the Roer River at Julich, which led to the division’s drive on Munchen-Gladbach. During quiet periods on the Roer, Col. Ewing typed and edited a newspaper he titled Chin Strap. The scant-copy newspaper was circulated within the company and also caught the eye of battalion headquarters. The publication earned Col. Ewing the nicknames “Strap” and “The Strap.” At the end of World War II, Col. Ewing was assigned to Fort Meade and the War Department Historical Division in the Pentagon, and decided to author the official history of the 29th Division in World War II. This fascinating account of the division’s wartime history is the result of Col. Ewing’s combat experience and civilian career in journalism.
Grantees of arms named in docquets and patents to the end of the seventeenth century: in the manuscripts preserved in the British museum, the Bodleian Library, Oxford, Queen's College, Oxford, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and elsewhere: alphabetically arranged by the late Joseph Foster and contained in the Additional ms. no. 37,147, in the British museum by Foster, Joseph, 1844-1905; Rylands, W. Harry (William Harry), 1847-1922 Published 1915
This collection of articles traces the evolution over the 1980s of budget policy and tax reform by an architect of the Bradley tax reform bill. The articles present a chronological analysis of tax changes and the heated controversy over budget policy and the deficit. It concludes with an analysis of what the future holds. The author, currently staff director of the Joint Economic Committee of Congress, has the perspective of a fiscal expert with many years on the Washington scene.
Political time is counted not in years, but in issues—the Depression defined the political era of the 1930s just as the Cold War did the 1950s and civil rights the 1960s. In the 1980s, the federal budget loomed as the dominant issue by which all others were considered and has become a concern that catalyzes debate in our nation's capital. In this definitive work, Joseph White and Aaron Wildavsky describe and analyze the struggles over taxing and spending from Carter's last year through the Reagan administration. The battle of the budget is largely about defining the role of the government and its relationship to the people. It involves congressional horse-trading, partisan posturing, and technical tricks that affect billions of dollars. It is also a story of politicians operating within constraints set by both public opinion and political interpretation of economic reality. Though budgeting has always been important, its impact on the national agenda has grown dramatically. Based on documentary sources and extensive interviews with participants, The Deficit and the Public Interest explains how budgeting works so the reader can see what is at stake in seemingly arcane disputes. It also explains the relationship of the budget to the media as well as to party and policy activists and explores the ways in which the deficit represents a crisis of confidence in our institutions, preeminently Congress and the presidency. Along the way, it provides a uniquely comprehensive account of the entire budget problem, exploring Gramm-Rudman, tax reform, and the continuing political gridlock. The authors demonstrate that institutions have performed better than their members and critics believe, and they contend that extreme solutions to the deficit would likely be much worse than the original problems. Redefining the problem as one of reducing interest costs so the deficit becomes manageable, they proffer political advice on how to make this approach politically acceptable, both at home and abroad. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1989.
One of the major architects of comprehensive tax reform has revised his widely acclaimed book on tax policy to reflect the changes brought about by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and all other major changes in tax laws since 1983. Joseph A. Pechman's Federal Tax Policy is a nontechnical book for general readers and students interested in taxation as an instrument of public policy. It emphasizes such current issues as a comprehensive income taxation, inflation adjustments in income taxation, graduated income taxes versus expenditure taxes, the effects of taxation on economic incentives, and fiscal relations between the federal and state and local governments. Pechman presents and evaluates contrasting views on most forms of taxation—personal and corporate income, general and selective consumption, payroll, estate and gift, property, and state and local--and offers a perceptive analysis of the process of tax legislation and the role of taxation in the fiscal policy. He also provides a valuable series of statistical table on tax developments and an extensive bibliography on tax theory and practice.
Many documentaries, articles, museum exhibits, books, and movies have now treated what became known as the Tuskegee Experiment involving the black pilots who gained fame during World War II as the Tuskegee Airmen. Most of these works have focused on the training of Americas first black fighter pilots and their subsequent accomplishments during combat. This publication goes further, using captioned photographs to trace the airmen through the stages of training, deployment, and combat actions in North Africa, Italy, and Germany, in an attractive coffee-table-book format. Included for the first time are depictions of the critical support roles of doctors, nurses, mechanics, navigators, weathermen, parachute riggers, and other personnel, all of whom contributed to the airmens success, and many of whom went on to help complete the establishment of the 477th Composite Group. The authors have told, in pictures and words, the full story of the Tuskegee Airmen and the environments in which they lived, worked, played, fought, and sometimes died.
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