Organizations increasingly need to deal with unstructured processes that traditional business process management (BPM) suites are not designed to deal with. High-risk, yet high-value, loan origination or credit approvals, police investigations, and healthcare patient treatment are just a few examples of areas where a level of uncertainty makes outc
Terrorism and radicalization have a long history, but in recent years their prominence has been a particularly conspicuous and influential feature of the global political landscape. This important book presents an overview of the processes involved in radicalization and terrorism, and introduces a systematic framework which captures the most crucial individual and social factors involved in determining these processes. The authors begin by considering the possible role of prejudice, economic deprivation, and discrimination, and the cognitive responses and emotions they can trigger. Such responses tend in turn to increase the importance of group membership, and promote intergroup differentiation and polarization, a process which is often accompanied by more pronounced and more extreme religious and ideological beliefs. The book also describes the role of cultural values and social climate in processes of radicalization, as well as the role of personality factors and demographics such as age and marital status. As for violent terrorist action itself, this final most radical stage is elicited by a number of group factors such as groupthink, isolation, and leadership. Certain cognitive mechanisms – for example, dehumanizing the target and attributing responsibility elsewhere – can also provide excuses for violence. The book explores why some groups turn to violence and others don’t, and it addresses processes of disengagement, deradicalization programs, and other methods used to inhibit the spread of radicalization and terrorism. The Psychology of Radicalization and Terrorism takes a unique and systematic approach to a vital topic, integrating knowledge from diverse literatures, and using social psychology as a basis for comprehending human behaviour. It will be essential reading for students and researchers from all disciplines seeking a greater understanding of terrorism and violent political conflict in all its forms.
The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a small, but heavily populated country with almost 17 million inhabitants. It is one of the last kingdoms in Europe and in 2015 it celebrated its 200 years anniversary. The Netherlands became a kingdom after the Napoleonic era. During this period it was transformed into a centralized state. Before those years it had been one of few republics in Europe for about two centuries. That state was a confederacy, which emerged in the 1580s during its independence struggle against the Spanish Habsburgs. Although the present state is still monarchial, the Netherlands functions as a modern constitutional democracy, in which the king’s position is almost comparable with a ceremonial presidency. The majority of the Dutch population, however, appreciates the hereditary political presence of the House of Orange-Nassau, regarding this dynasty as a symbol of national unity and connection with the country’s past. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 900 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Netherlands.
Economists measure the effects of immigration through the yardstick of income. This book offers a broad survey of the conventional approach but in addition, also considers better measures of welfare or well-being and provides a detailed description and evaluation of policies - rules, regulations and implementation. The book offers a long, historical perspective on the development of population density in the Netherlands. It begins with the history of the Netherlands: geological and cultural formation of the land - and water - and population development. The Netherlands is unique in that much of the land is man-made, in particular the western part, which is, economically speaking, the most developed area. It is also special for its very high population growth rate that took off during the 19th century. The key argument of the book is that population size is irrelevant for income per capita, that land is a binding constraint in the Netherlands and that negative external effects of increasing population size lead to welfare losses from further population growth, whether by natural growth or by immigration. At present, the battle for scarce land is intense and bitter, with a strong clash between developers who want to build houses, farmers who do not want to give up farming and conservationists who increasingly find support in the courts for insufficiently caring for the natural environment. The book combines a general analysis of population density, both theoretical and empirical, with an in-depth presentation of actual policies in a country with intense pressure on available land.
The order of the Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) is often divided into larger and smaller Lepidoptera, the so-called Macrolepidoptera and Microlepidoptera respectively. To the former group generally belong the larger species, such as butterflies, owl moths and geometers. The smaller moths are classed in the microlepidoptera. For the larger moths there are quite a few comprehensive works enabling lepidopterologists to identify the moths. However the literature on microlepidoptera is inadequate for identification of the moths. This inadequacy is the main obstacle for the study of microlepidoptera. This book provides identification keys to the Dutch smaller Lepidoptera, thus making an attempt to meet this difficulty at least for The Netherlands and as far as the adults are concerned. Of the 1427 species recorded from The Netherlands short descriptions are added as well as the period of appearance of the moths. The key to the families is illustrated. For coloured photographs of the adults is referred to the website www.kleinevlinders.nl. In an illustrated glossary many technical terms used in the identification keys are explained. Moreover, an updated edition of the checklist of the Dutch microlepidoptera is given.
Organizations increasingly need to deal with unstructured processes that traditional business process management (BPM) suites are not designed to deal with. High-risk, yet high-value, loan origination or credit approvals, police investigations, and healthcare patient treatment are just a few examples of areas where a level of uncertainty makes outc
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