Arabic is one of the world's largest languages, spoken natively by nearly 300 million people. By strength of numbers alone Arabic is one of our most important languages, studied by scholars across many different academic fields and cultural settings. It is, however, a complex language rooted in its own tradition of scholarship, constituted of varieties each imbued with unique cultural values and characteristic linguistic properties. Understanding its linguistics holistically is therefore a challenge. The Oxford Handbook of Arabic Linguistics is a comprehensive, one-volume guide that deals with all major research domains which have been developed within Arabic linguistics. Chapters are written by leading experts in the field, who both present state-of-the-art overviews and develop their own critical perspectives. The Handbook begins with Arabic in its Semitic setting and ends with the modern dialects; it ranges across the traditional--the classical Arabic grammatical and lexicographical traditions--to the contemporary--Arabic sociolinguistics, Creole varieties and codeswitching, psycholinguistics, and Arabic as a second language - while situating Arabic within current phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexicological theory. An essential reference work for anyone working within Arabic linguistics, the book brings together different approaches and scholarly traditions, and provides analysis of current trends and directions for future research.
In this book you will experience real emotions that I dealt with in my life. I felt different like I didnt belong, poetry was the only way I could express myself. Some of the poems may seem like rap or hip-hop, which was my way of fitting in. I also fell victim to the world of addiction for me that is how I dealt with my emotions. As a member of a 12 step fellowship I realized that I didnt want to feel. Drugs and Alcohol made me feel alive, but that feeling would only last so long. After a while I felt misery, pain, and unhappiness. Until one day God granted me the gift of desperation. From that day on Ive been sober, but like a good addict those feelings come back. Thats why I consider myself Still in The Grips.
A Linguistic History of Arabic presents a reconstruction of proto-Arabic by the methods of historical-comparative linguistics. It challenges the traditional conceptualization of an old, Classical language evolving into the contemporary Neo-Arabic dialects. Professor Owens combines established comparative linguistic methodology with a careful reading of the classical Arabic sources, such as the grammatical and exegetical traditions. He arrives at a richer and more complexpicture of early Arabic language history than is current today and in doing so establishes the basis for a comprehensive, linguistically-based understanding of the history of Arabic. The arguments are set out in a concise, case by case basis, making it accessible to students and scholars of Arabic and Islamicculture, as well as to those studying Arabic and historical linguists.
This book explores the long history of the Arabic language, from pre-Islamic Arabic via the Classical era of the Arabic grammarians up to the present day. While most traditional accounts have been dominated by a linear understanding of the development of Arabic, this book instead advocates a multiple pathways approach to Arabic language history. Arabic has multifarious sources: its relations to other Semitic languages, an old epigraphic and papyrological tradition, a vibrant and linguistically original classical Arabic linguistic tradition, and a widely dispersed array of contemporary spoken varieties. These diverse sources present a challenge to and an opportunity for defining a holistic but not necessarily linear Arabic language history. The geographical breadth and chronological depth of Arabic make it a fertile ground for a critical appraisal and application of perspectives from a range of subdisciplines including sociolinguistics, typology, grammaticalization, and corpus linguistics. Jonathan Owens draws on these approaches to investigate more than 20 individual case studies that cover more than 1500 years of documented and reconstructed history: the results demonstrate that Arabic is a far more complex historical object than traditional accounts have assumed. This complexity is further explored in a comparison of the historical morphology of three languages that can be compared over roughly the same period (500 AD-2022 AD): Icelandic, English, and Arabic. Icelandic and English are diametrically opposed on a parameter of linearity. Icelandic is effectively alinear: the morphology of the earliest Icelandic writings is the morphology of today. English is linear, having undergone a drastic change in morphology from its Old English stage to the Middle English period. Arabic is shown to be alinear in many important respects, but multilinear in others, with different sorts of linguistic changes being spread across many individual historical speech communities.
Now you know about the people who played big roles in my life. Heres a brief description of my book. This book contains a collection of poems I wrote throughout my life. I did not put them in chronological order so the reader can figure out the puzzle of my life. Let me mind you I still didnt figure that puzzle out, and thats what this book is about. Finding yourself isnt the easiest so remember its the choices we make that define our lives. These are the choices I made the experiences I learned from. It takes a smart man to learn from his own mistakes but a wise man can learn from others. Everyone has an opinion on what life means to them. These are my opinions because I believe if you can overcome the fear of death you can truly live life.
Shoulder Instability in the Athlete: Management and Surgical Techniques for Optimized Return to Play is a groundbreaking text that covers all aspects of care for athletes with shoulder instability—from on-the-field management and treatment to successful return to play. Edited by Drs. Jonathan F. Dickens and Brett D. Owens and featuring the expertise of internationally recognized surgeons who specialize in shoulder instability in high-level athletes, Shoulder Instability in the Athlete is a unique collaboration applicable across a variety of professional areas. This will be the premiere reference for physicians, surgeons, therapists, trainers, and students involved in the care of athletes. Each chapter of Shoulder Instability in the Athlete reviews cutting-edge clinical and surgical techniques, as well as outcomes and return to play criteria. In-depth analysis of appropriate literature and outcomes specific to the athlete population are also presented. Important sections within the text include: Principles for the team physician Anterior instability Posterior instability Special topics in instability By focusing specifically on the unique and challenging dilemma of caring for the athlete with shoulder instability, Shoulder Instability in the Athlete will be a valuable reference for all health professionals who manage athletes.
THE STORY: Returning to the grubby North Carolina mill town in which he had grown up, a would-be Hollywood actor, Clyde Owens, rejoins his younger brother, his estranged father, and his frail, sensitive mother, who is dying of cancer. Lionized by h
The Arabic grammatical tradition is remarkable for having organized a large amount of descriptive material within a sophisticated formal framework. The present study seeks to elucidate the early development of this system from a theory-internal perspective; it is mainly concerned with the development of the syntactic theory as a formal object, as system of rules. This endeavor is constituted of four sub-goals: a description of early developments, their periodization, their relation to the traditional account in terms of the Basran and Kufan schools, and their relation to modern linguistic theory.
Over the past 35 years urban sociolinguistics has developed upon the base of detailed case studies carried out mainly in western countries. A fundamental dichotomy informing the interpretation of variation has been carried out within what is termed the “standard-vernacular model”. Higher vs. lower social class, power vs. solidarity, open networks vs. closed networks are a few of the conceptual dyads which have been invoked to order linguistic variation operating with an input from a standard/vernacular source. The present study, based on the spoken Arabic of Maiduguri, Nigeria, focuses on a linguistic landscape where the notions of “standard” and “vernacular” are of little relevance in ordering urban linguistic variants. It is argued that linguistic variation is best conceptualized and ordered in terms of the twin variables of neighborhood and ancestral norms. A detailed analysis of 13 linguistic variables based on a corpus of about 500,000 words invokes an urban linguistic world different from that in the West. To integrate this landscape into current sociolinguistic thinking a typology of urban variation is outlined using familar, yet relatively unutilized sociolinguistic parameters: neighborhood, ancestry, minority status and institutionalization.
National taxation authorities around the world are rapidly improving international cooperation, given the unprecedented triple impact of persistent revelations of large-scale corporate tax avoidance, the ever-increasing intricacies of digital cross-border transactions, and the unprecedented revenue deficits engendered by the COVID-19 pandemic. There is also a growing recognition that improving tax compliance needs to be reconciled with a legitimate desire on the part of businesses to have some certainty about their taxes. Cooperative compliance is one way to achieve that. This first analysis of the details of cooperative compliance programmes currently in operation describes tax control frameworks, suggests practical examples to assist practitioners in tax administrations and the private sector, and provides multiple perspectives on the design and legitimacy of such programmes. Drawing on detailed information contributed by tax practitioners and academics from a wide range of jurisdictions worldwide, the book identifies and explains certain crucial elements of successful programmes: the criteria for access to cooperative compliance (e.g., is the programme voluntary or mandatory? Is there a financial threshold? Will the criteria be publicly available?); model legislation that can facilitate the operation of such programmes (statutory provisions, administrative rules and procedures, etc.); the foundations for an international agreement on an audit assurance standard for tax control frameworks (including the role of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Union (EU), and other international organizations); how to develop a methodology to measure the cost and benefits of cooperative compliance programmes; detailed case studies of existing compliance programmes in Australia, Austria, China, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Russia; and how to communicate a cooperative compliance programme to obtain trust from society. The analysis draws on two years of work led by WU Global Tax Policy Center (GTPC) at Vienna University of Economics and Business in cooperation with the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the Commonwealth Association of Tax Administrators (CATA). The project brought together over two hundred people from 25 countries, including public officials, businesses, and academics. Tax certainty and predictability are key components for providing a tax environment that is conducive to cross-border trade and investment, and, in the long term, it is in the interest of both governments and businesses to minimize tax uncertainty as much as possible. This truly helpful book promises to pave the way to an internationally effective tax framework that will be welcomed by taxation authorities and practitioners worldwide.
Al-'Arabiyya is the annual journal of the American Association of Teachers of Arabic and serves scholars in the United States and abroad. Al-'Arabiyya includes scholarly articles and reviews that advance the study, research, and teaching of Arabic language, linguistics, literature, and pedagogy.
The 8 chapters in this book have been selected from the contents of the Paediatric Imaging section in Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology 6e. These organ-specific chapters provide a succinct up-to-date overview of current imaging techniques and their clinical applications in daily practice and it is hoped that with this concise format the user will quickly grasp the fundamentals they need to know. Throughout these chapters, the relative merits of different imaging investigations are described, variations are discussed and recent imaging advances are detailed.
One fall night in TK, Steve Sabol of NFL Films answered the door to see his friend, Philadelphia Eagles linebacker Tim “Rosso” Rossovich, standing there literally on fire. After Sabol knocked Rossovich to the ground and put out the fire, Rosso stood up and (without missing a beat) said, “Sorry, I must have the wrong apartment.” Pro football has been filled with players like this—loose cannons, rebels and trash talkers. Some players are more likeable than others, and some might even be certifiably crazy...yet what perfectly sane athlete signs up to get belted around by 300-pound behemoths for three hours every Sunday? Why Dick Butkus claims his reputation for meanness—which includes biting a referee's finger—was blown way out of proportion How dumping Gatorade on a winning coach became a postseason tradition Who “He Hate Me” was, and exactly why “He” hated him. From sideline spats to touchdown celebrations to draft day tales, 300 Pounds of Attitude reveals the true stories of the most entertaining figures that have played the game of professional football. One fall night in TK, Steve Sabol of NFL Films answered the door to see his friend, Philadelphia Eagles linebacker Tim “Rosso” Rossovich, standing there literally on fire. After Sabol knocked Rossovich to the ground and put out the fire, Rosso stood up and (without missing a beat) said, “Sorry, I must have the wrong apartment.” Pro football has been filled with players like this—loose cannons, rebels and trash talkers. Some players are more likeable than others, and some might even be certifiably crazy...yet what perfectly sane athlete signs up to get belted around by 300-pound behemoths for three hours every Sunday? In 300 Pounds of Attitude, author Jonathan Rand takes us into the huddle, on the sidelines, and behind the scenes to reveal the most offbeat and hilarious stories from the NFL. Why Dick Butkus claims his reputation for meanness—which includes biting a referee's finger—was blown way out of proportion How dumping Gatorade on a winning coach became a postseason tradition Who “He Hate Me” was, and exactly why “He” hated him. From sideline spats to touchdown celebrations to draft day tales, 300 Pounds of Attitude reveals the true stories of the most entertaining figures that have played the game of professional football.
Through the lens of horror--from Halloween to Hereditary--queer and trans writers consider the films that deepened, amplified, and illuminated their own experiences. Horror movies hold a complicated space in the hearts of the queer community: historically misogynist, and often homo- and transphobic, the genre has also been inadvertently feminist and open to subversive readings. Common tropes--such as the circumspect and resilient "final girl," body possession, costumed villains, secret identities, and things that lurk in the closet--spark moments of eerie familiarity and affective connection. Still, viewers often remain tasked with reading themselves into beloved films, seeking out characters and set pieces that speak to, mirror, and parallel the unique ways queerness encounters the world. It Came from the Closet features twenty-five original essays by writers speaking to this relationship, through connections both empowering and oppressive. From Carmen Maria Machado on Jennifer's Body, Jude Ellison S. Doyle on In My Skin, Addie Tsai on Dead Ringers, and many more, these conversations convey the rich reciprocity between queerness and horror.
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