The Clean Air Act of 1970 set out for the United States a basic, yet ambitious, objective to reduce pollution to levels that protect health and welfare. The Act set out state and federal regulations to limit emissions and the Environmental Protection Agency was established to help enforce the regulations. The Act has since had several amendments, notably in 1977 and 1990, and has successfully helped to increase air quality. This book reviews the history of the Clean Air Act of 1970 including the political, business, and scientific elements that went into establishing the Act, emphasizing the importance that scientific evidence played in shaping policy. The analysis then extends to examine the effects of the Act over the past forty years including the Environmental Protection Agency’s evolving role and the role of states and industry in shaping and implementing policy. Finally, the book offers best practices to guide allocation of respective government and industry roles to guide sustainable development. The history and analysis of the Clean Air Act presented in this book illustrates the centrality of scientific analysis and technological capacity in driving environmental policy development. It would be useful for policy makers, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in gaining a clearer understand of the interaction of science and policy. Offers an overview of the 1970 Clean Air Act and its subsequent effects Highlights the relationship between policy and scientific discovery Extracts lessons from the United States to apply to other policy and national contexts
The Clean Air Act of 1970 set out for the United States a basic, yet ambitious, objective to reduce pollution to levels that protect health and welfare. The Act set out state and federal regulations to limit emissions and the Environmental Protection Agency was established to help enforce the regulations. The Act has since had several amendments, notably in 1977 and 1990, and has successfully helped to increase air quality. This book reviews the history of the Clean Air Act of 1970 including the political, business, and scientific elements that went into establishing the Act, emphasizing the importance that scientific evidence played in shaping policy. The analysis then extends to examine the effects of the Act over the past forty years including the Environmental Protection Agency’s evolving role and the role of states and industry in shaping and implementing policy. Finally, the book offers best practices to guide allocation of respective government and industry roles to guide sustainable development. The history and analysis of the Clean Air Act presented in this book illustrates the centrality of scientific analysis and technological capacity in driving environmental policy development. It would be useful for policy makers, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in gaining a clearer understand of the interaction of science and policy. Offers an overview of the 1970 Clean Air Act and its subsequent effects Highlights the relationship between policy and scientific discovery Extracts lessons from the United States to apply to other policy and national contexts
Histoire d'une Grecque moderne is a masterpiece of ambiguity. Through the narrator's own bias and hypocrisy and through his "doubles" in the story who mirror or contrast with his character, Abbe Prevost deflates the patriarchal figures of eighteenth-century European society. The Oriental heroine's quest for intellectual and physical autonomy challenges such traditional authority figures as the aristocratic hero/narrator, the European imperialist, the "philosophe," and the writer who reflect Western sexual and cultural prejudices. Like the other novels of Prevost's 1740 trilogy (and even to a greater extent than in "Manon Lescaut"), "La Greque moderne" conveys a disturbing moral pessimism and indeterminancy that, in the end, the heroine's courage and determination cannot overcome. In an age of skepticism and increasing individualism, "La Greque moderne" seems to question the existence of any trustworthy model of moral authority.
The essays in this collection originated at a symposium on the teaching of political geography focused on the implementation of Standard 13 (National Geography Standards), "How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of earth's surface." The 16 chapters (or essays) in the collection are: (1) "Teaching Political Geography" (Fiona M. Davidson; Jonathan I. Leib; Fred M. Shelley; and Gerald R. Webster); (2) "Dividing Earth Space: The Political Geography of Europe, 1900-2000" (Brian W. Blouet); (3) "National Standards and National Socialism: The Political Geography of the Nazi Party Vote and Teaching toward the Geography Standards" (Colin Flint); (4) "A New Europe? The European Union and the Regions: The Case of Scotland" (Fiona M. Davidson); (5) "When Walls Come Down and Borders Open: New Geopolitical Worlds at the Grassroots in Eastern Europe" (Stanley D. Brunn); (6) "Geographic Implications of Devolution and Change in the American Federal System" (Janet E. Kodras); (7) "Political Space in the United States" (Gerald R. Webster); (8) "Political Geography and Voting Rights in the United States" (Jonathan I. Leib); (9) "Teaching Electoral Geography" (Douglas Deane Jones); (10) "Teaching the Geography of the United States Foreign Policy" (Fred M. Shelley); (11) "The Rhetoric and Rationale of Free Trade: A Political Geography Perspective" (Christopher D. Merrett); (12) "Teaching Global Environmental Change as Local Political Conflict" (William D. Solecki; Shira Birnbaum); (13) "The Dynamic Political Map" (Alice T. M. Rechlin Perkins); (14) "The Dynamic Political Map: Learning Activities" (Alice T. M. Rechlin Perkins); (15) "Effective Writing Assignments in Teaching Political Geography" (Arlene M. Shelley); and (16) "Redistricting Electoral Space: A Case Study of U.S. Congressional Districts in Georgia" (Scott R. Myers). (BT)
A provocative and timely look at the current state of global economics, particularly how the state-owned companies of Russia, China, Latin America, and other emerging markets are influencing how people work, how they consume, and how they prosper. The global economy is changing: experts are noting slow growth in the advanced economies, greater volatility in international markets, and the emergence of state-owned companies in the competitive marketplace. This forward-looking reference explores the role that state capitalism plays within the political structures of countries throughout the world. The text begins with an introduction to state capitalism, moves into an in-depth examination of several countries and regions, and concludes with a discussion on the future of state capitalism in the next decade. Coauthors Scott B. MacDonald and Jonathan Lemco examine the challenges that state-owned companies face in the global economy, including a weak legal and commercial infrastructure, a conflict of interest between politics and business, and massive corruption in local and regional governments. A close review of the perils of state capitalism based on meritocracy devolving into crony capitalism invites debate on the longevity of this economic system versus a free market economy.
Jonathan R. T. Davidson and Kathryn M. Connor translate hard data into the accessible answers you need to make informed decisions on taking St. John's wort for depression, kava for stress or anxiety, ginkgo for memory loss, or valerian for insomnia. Drawing on their own clinical and research experience as well as data from around the world, Drs. Davidson and Connor fill the knowledge gap with scientific facts." "You will learn: which treatments, traditional and alternative, have proven most effective for depression, stress, anxiety, memory loss, and insomnia - and where herbs fall in the list; how herbs for the mind compare to prescription drugs that have similar effects; how to judge when you're getting maximum benefits, when to switch brands or products, and when to stop taking herbs; when you may need more than herbs, and how to enlist your doctor's support with your herbal self-help program; and what the labels mean - and what they can't tell you." "With this collection of up-to-date facts, you can determine when, why, and how "herbs for the mind" may be right for you, when they are not right, and how you can play an important role in managing your own psychological health."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Wiley is proud to announce the publication of the first ever broad-based textbook introduction to Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics by a trained biologist, experienced researcher, and award-winning instructor. In this new text, author Jonathan Pevsner, winner of the 2001 Johns Hopkins University "Teacher of the Year" award, explains problem-solving using bioinformatic approaches using real examples such as breast cancer, HIV-1, and retinal-binding protein throughout. His book includes 375 figures and over 170 tables. Each chapter includes: Problems, discussion of Pitfalls, Boxes explaining key techniques and math/stats principles, Summary, Recommended Reading list, and URLs for freely available software. The text is suitable for professionals and students at every level, including those with little to no background in computer science.
Now in its 21st edition, this guide contains a comprehensive directory of independent and non-maintained schools in the UK, which provide for children with sensory or physical impairment; learning difficulties; social, emotional and behavioural difficulties; and autism spectrum disorders. It also includes information on further education colleges; editorials written by experts in their field; an appendix of maintained schools; contact details of useful associations.
Feeding on Non-Prey Resources by Natural Enemies Moshe Coll Reports on the consumption of non-prey food sources, particularly plant materials, by predators and parasitoids are common throughout the literature (reviewed recently by Naranjo and Gibson 1996, Coll 1998a, Coll and Guershon, 2002). Predators belonging to a variety of orders and families are known to feed on pollen and nectar, and adult parasitoids acquire nutrients from honeydew and floral and extrafloral nectar. A recent publication by Wäckers et al. (2005) discusses the p- visioning of plant resources to natural enemies from the perspective of the plant, exploring the evolutionary possibility that plants enhance their defenses by recru- ing enemies to food sources. The present volume, in contrast, presents primarily the enemies’ perspective, and as such is the first comprehensive review of the nut- tional importance of non-prey foods for insect predators and parasitoids. Although the ecological significance of feeding on non-prey foods has long been underappreciated, attempts have been made to manipulate nectar and pollen ava- ability in crop fields in order to enhance levels of biological pest control by natural enemies (van Emden, 1965; Hagen, 1986; Coll, 1998a). The importance of n- prey foods for the management of pest populations is also discussed in the book.
Reveals evidence of a Watergate style conspiracy by British appeasers against Churchill masterminded by ex-MI5 officer and Conservative Party fixer Sir Joseph Ball, funded by murdered Bahamas Tax Exile Gold Magnate Sir Harry Oakes and British Pro-Nazis. Ball's friends included Cambridge Spy Guy Burgess and James Bond Author Ian Fleming. Events culminate in the mysterious stopping of Big Ben & the arrival of Rudolf Hess in Scotland. 11 years of research reveal how close Churchill came to losing his seat in parliament ,selling his beloved Chartwell, the dirty tricks used against him and how close England came to joining the Axis.
In the words of former American League umpire Nestor Chylak, umpires are expected to "be perfect on the first day of the season and then get better every day." Forced to deal with sullen managers and explosive players, they often take the blame for the failures of both. But let's face it--umpires are only human. For well over a century, the fortunes of Major League teams--and the fabric of baseball history itself--have been dramatically affected by the flawed decisions of officials. While the use of video replay in recent decades has reduced the number of bitter disputes, many situations remain exempt from review and are subject to swirling controversy. In the heat of the moment mistakes are often made, sometimes with monumental consequences. This book details some of these more controversial calls and the men who made them.
Nineteenth-century editorial cartoons often pictured government and industry hand-in-hand. Yet as early as 1889 Texas had enacted an antitrust law to curb the power of monopolies, and in the first years of the industry that would bring untold riches to the state, the attorney general used that law against oil trusts to a surprising extent. Ironically, for most of the first twenty-five years following the enactment of the Sherman Antitrust Act, federal enforcement efforts were extremely limited, leaving the field to the states. Texas was one of several states that had strong antitrust laws and whose attorneys general prosecuted antitrust violations with vigor. Political ambition was a factor in the decisions to investigate and prosecute cases against a highly visible target, the petroleum industry, but there was also a genuine belief in the goals of antitrust policy and in the efficacy of enforcement of the laws. In Broken Trusts, Jonathan Singer offers the definitive study of the formative period of antitrust enforcement in Texas. His analysis of the state attorney general’s use of antitrust law against the oil industry in this time of transition from agricultural to industrial society provides insights into the litigation process, the gap between the rhetoric of trust-busting and the reality of antitrust enforcement, and also the changing roles of state government in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The experience of Texas undermines the view that federal action has always dominated antitrust enforcement efforts and that antitrust litigation against Standard Oil was ineffectual. Rather, the results of the Texas attorney general’s litigations suggest that some states took their role in the dual enforcement scheme seriously and that the measure of success of antitrust enforcement goes beyond the amount of monetary penalties collected and the number of companies permanently ousted from a state. This volume will be valuable to those interested in the effects of the Sherman Antitrust Act, as well as those concerned with the evolution of the Texas attorney general’s office.
In this fully updated second edition, the author clearly introduces and assesses all of Freud's thought, focusing on those areas of philosophy on which Freud is acknowledged to have had a lasting impact. These include the philosophy of mind, free will and determinism, rationality, the nature of the self and subjectivity, and ethics and religion. He also considers some of the deeper issues and problems Freud engaged with, brilliantly illustrating their philosophical significance: human sexuality, the unconscious, dreams, and the theory of transference. The author's approach emphasizes the philosophical significance of Freud’s fundamental rule – to say whatever comes to mind without censorship or inhibition. This binds psychoanalysis to the philosophical exploration of self-consciousness and truthfulness, as well as opening new paths of inquiry for moral psychology and ethics. The second edition includes a new Introduction and Conclusion. The text is revised throughout, including new sections on psychological structure and object relations and on Freud’s critique of religion and morality.
The Skeptical Economist rejects the story told by other popular economics books. It shows that economics is not an agreed body of knowledge or an objective science. In reality, economics is built on ethical foundations, distinctive and controversial views about how we ought to live, and what we value.
An exhaustive guide to every significant Christian theologian who lived from the first century to 1308, the year in which John Duns Scotus died. The dictionary encompasses the Catholic, Orthodox, Nestorian and Monophysite traditions, including information not previously available in English. Thoroughly indexed, the dictionary incorporates common variants of names and concepts which will help and direct the reader. The main criterion for inclusion has been contribution to the development of Christian theology. Sub-criteria by which that is measured include, above all, originality and influence on later figures. With over 290 entries, the dictionary provides a handy summary of theologiansi lives and writings together with recent scholarship,as well as an up-to-date, definitive bibliography listing primary texts, translations and secondary literature in the major western European languages. Useful for all levels of academia; no other text matches the depth of the dictionaryis bibliographies. The unprecedented thoroughness of Hill's compilation provides an essential resource for studies at all levels on such a large and varied range of Church thinkers.
Culling the finest thinking of renowned historian Jonathan D. Sarna, Coming to Terms with America examines how Jews have long “straddled two civilizations,” endeavoring to be both Jewish and American at once, from the American Revolution to today.
Principles of Evolution considers evolution in the context of systems biology, a contemporary approach for handling biological complexity. Evolution needs this systems perspective for three reasons. First, most activity in living organisms is driven by complex networks of proteins and this has direct implications, particularly for understanding evo-devo and for seeing how variation is initiated. Second, it provides the natural language for discussing phylogenetic trees. Third, evolutionary change involves events at levels ranging from the genome to the ecosystem and systems biology provides a context for integrating material of this complexity. Understanding evolution means, on the one hand, describing the history of life and, on the other, making sense of the principles that drove that history. The solution adopted here is to make the science of evolution the primary focus of the book and place the various parts of the history of life in the context of the research that unpicks it. This means that the history is widely distributed across the text. This concise textbook assumes that the reader has a fair amount of biological knowledge and gives equal weight to all the major themes of evolution: the fossil record, phylogenetics, evodevo, and speciation. Principles of Evolution will therefore be an interesting and thought-provoking read for honors-level undergraduates, and graduates working in the biological sciences.
How do our engagements with fictions and other products of the imagination compare to our experiences of the real world? Are the feelings we have about a novel's characters modelled on our thoughts about actual people? If it is wrong to feel pleasure over certain situations in real life, can it nonetheless be right to take pleasure in analogous scenarios represented in a fantasy or film? Should the desires we have for what goes on in a make-believe story cohere with what we want to happen in the actual world? Such queries have animated philosophical and psychological theorizing about art and life from Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Poetics to contemporary debates over freedom of expression, ethics and aesthetics, the cognitive value of thought experiments, and the effects on audiences of exposure to violent entertainment. In Apt Imaginings, Jonathan Gilmore develops a new framework to pursue these questions, marshalling a wide range of research in aesthetics, the science of the emotions, moral philosophy, neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and film and literary theory. Gilmore argues that, while there is a substantial empirical continuity in our feelings across art and life, the norms that govern the appropriateness of those responses across the divide are discontinuous. In this view, the evaluative criteria that determine the fit, correctness, or rationality of our emotions and desires for what is internal to a fiction can be contrary to those that govern our affective attitudes toward analogous things in the real world. In short, it can be right to embrace within a story what one would condemn in real life. The theory Gilmore defends in this volume helps to explain our complex and sometimes conflicted attitudes toward works of the imagination; challenges the popular view that fictions serve to refine our moral sensibilities; and exposes a kind of autonomy of the imagination that can render our responses to art immune to standard real-world epistemic, practical, and affective kinds of criticism.
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