Innovation in banking should be directed at improving the infrastructure that fosters efficient financial services and international trade. In this work, innovation theory is used to show how modern payment systems have transformed the technology of banking and facilitated changes in the strategy and structure of financial services organisations. Design, implementation and dissemination of payment systems are described and the analysis of their costs and benefits is combined with case studies of banks undergoing change. By studying firm capabilities, competencies, and resources, the approach is extended to services in general and linked to the ability of firms to compete and promote national economies. Payment systems vary and advanced and developing economies face obstacles in their legal and technical infrastructure, and maturity of banks. By adopting an international perspective, the book offers a unique comparative analysis that shows what kind of investments are likely to be effective.
First Published in 1987. Representing a range of eighteenth-century research, these articles clarify or reorientate the historical origins of many of the chief themes of more recent business history. They include the areas of The Harburgh Company from 1716 to 1723; institutional experimentation in the London-Maryland Trade; banking in London in the 1700s; the pottery trade before 1780; the Birmingham Economy; Boulton and Wedgwood; financing the French navy; and directions of conduct in a merchant’s counting house.
When Nazi Germany invaded Poland in 1939, it aimed to destroy Polish national consciousness. As a symbol of Polish national identity and the religious faith of approximately two-thirds of Poland's population, the Roman Catholic Church was an obvious target of the Nazi regime's policies of ethnic, racial, and cultural Germanization. Jonathan Huener reveals in The Polish Catholic Church under German Occupation that the persecution of the church was most severe in the Reichsgau Wartheland, a region of Poland annexed to Nazi Germany. Here Catholics witnessed the execution of priests, the incarceration of hundreds of clergymen and nuns in prisons and concentration camps, the closure of churches, the destruction and confiscation of church property, and countless restrictions on public expression of the Catholic faith. Huener also illustrates how some among the Nazi elite viewed this area as a testing ground for anti-church policies to be launched in the Reich after the successful completion of the war. Based on largely untapped sources from state and church archives, punctuated by vivid archival photographs, and marked by nuance and balance, The Polish Catholic Church under German Occupation exposes both the brutalities and the limitations of Nazi church policy. The first English-language investigation of German policy toward the Catholic Church in occupied Poland, this compelling story also offers insight into the varied ways in which Catholics—from Pope Pius XII, to members of the Polish episcopate, to the Polish laity at the parish level—responded to the Nazi regime's repressive measures.
Innovation in banking should be directed at improving the infrastructure that fosters efficient financial services and international trade. In this work, innovation theory is used to show how modern payment systems have transformed the technology of banking and facilitated changes in the strategy and structure of financial services organisations. Design, implementation and dissemination of payment systems are described and the analysis of their costs and benefits is combined with case studies of banks undergoing change. By studying firm capabilities, competencies, and resources, the approach is extended to services in general and linked to the ability of firms to compete and promote national economies. Payment systems vary and advanced and developing economies face obstacles in their legal and technical infrastructure, and maturity of banks. By adopting an international perspective, the book offers a unique comparative analysis that shows what kind of investments are likely to be effective.
First Published in 1987. Representing a range of eighteenth-century research, these articles clarify or reorientate the historical origins of many of the chief themes of more recent business history. They include the areas of The Harburgh Company from 1716 to 1723; institutional experimentation in the London-Maryland Trade; banking in London in the 1700s; the pottery trade before 1780; the Birmingham Economy; Boulton and Wedgwood; financing the French navy; and directions of conduct in a merchant’s counting house.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Central Asian republics are still coming to terms with their post-communist economies, their role in the region and the wider world, and their needs for identity, governance and growth. The Political Economy of Central Asia is an original study addressing the processes by which these transitions take place. The social, political and economic futures of these countries are affected by and will affect a wide region, spanning from Russia, the Caucasus and Iran to China and South Asia. This book addresses not only the reasons for the continued state of poverty and instability, but explains how the choices they are confronting will shape their ability to improve their societies. Written clearly and concisely, this book will be an invaluable resource for undergraduates and scholars alike with an interest in studies of the region, studies of post-Soviet transition and of studies in economic transition generally.
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