We propose a method to identify the anticipated components of macroeconomic shocks in a structural VAR. We include empirical forecasts about each time series in the VAR. This introduces enough linear restrictions to identify each structural shock and to further decompose each one into “news” and “surprise” shocks. We estimate a VAR on US time series using forecast data from the SPF, CBO, Federal Reserve, and asset prices. Unanticipated fiscal stimulus and interest rate shocks we identify have typical effects that match existing evidence. In our news-surprise decomposition, we find that news drives around one quarter of US business cycle volatility. News explains a larger share of the variance due to fiscal shocks than for monetary policy shocks. Finally, we use the news structure of the shocks to estimate counterfactual policy rules, and compare the ability of fiscal and monetary policy to moderate output and inflation. We find that coordinated fiscal and monetary policy are substantially more effective than either tool is individually.
2023 Silver Winner of the IBPA Benjamin Franklin Award in the Professional and Technical Category This comprehensive and integrated resource prepares leadership educators to develop their training and facilitation practice that is informed by theory, imbued with healthy leadership habits, and imparted with time-tested facilitation techniques—particularly experiential learning and reflective dialogue.There are plenty of resources for those who desire to practice leadership more effectively. What has been absent until now is an extensive and accessible compilation of resources and preparatory materials for those who facilitate the leadership training and development of others. Leadership educators are responsible for preparing the next generations of change-makers to develop the leadership skills and capacities they need to navigate the challenges in the decades ahead. They engage organizations and communities to become the holding environments and learning laboratories that empower connections of meaning and depth, embolden courageous exploration, and enable needed structural and systemic change. Jonathan Kroll offers this book as a resource to help readers become exceptional leadership educators—those who can empower others to enhance their leadership skills, capacities, and efficacy.Designed to prepare those who are charged with the leadership training and development of others, this book includes: two dozen leadership theories, models, frameworks, and topics; an extensive collection of leadership practices; and tactics for facilitating powerful training experiences that are infused with experiential learning activities and reflective dialogue. Included with each theory and practice (40+) are detailed and easy-to-follow instructions on how to facilitate specific experiential learning activities—along with go-to reflective dialogue questions—that bring the topics to life and ensure this book serves as a practical resource.
This book examines the relationship between law and scientific advancement, with a particular focus on the theory of evolution and medical innovation. Historically, the law has struggled to keep pace with modern medical advances. The authors demonstrate that the laws that govern human behaviour must evolve in response to such advances. This book describes how evolution shapes us humans and allows us to understand processes from ageing to decision making, and examines recent medical developments related to reproduction, neurosciences, sexuality, illness, bodily autonomy, and death, while considering the ethical, philosophical and legal implications of those developments.
Agency theory is ubiquitous in company law. This book explores (a) the limits of such deployment, and (b) the logic of how to deploy it. The book makes five linked arguments in respect of the limits of agency theory in company law. First, it argues that agency theory has become so broad that it can be used to analyse most human relationships. Such breadth, though, comes at the expense of legal clarity: as agency relationships cover such a broad range of relationships, there are no normative legal conclusions that can be drawn merely from identifying such a relationship. Second, it argues that we need to differentiate more specific concepts with clearer legal implications, such as externalities, and the particular manifestation of moral hazard that appears in insurance dynamics. Third, it argues that considerable amounts of existing company law theory - which is ostensibly built from agency theory - is in fact based on a series of hidden value judgments at each stage of the analysis. Fourth, it argues that company law theory should use agency theory less to rebalance the discipline: agency theory has become hegemonic, which is dangerous for the discipline, obscures company law’s role in establishing incentives, undermines accountability, and reduces company law’s autonomy. The book then moves to the logic of agency theory and makes three arguments. First, it argues that we need to factor in the company, only apply agency theory to voluntary interactions, and foreground our value judgments when identifying agency relations to do it properly. Second, it argues that it is rational to incur agency costs when we perceive the benefits of doing so to outweigh the costs, meaning that agency costs can be facilitative and we should look to front-end them rather than universally minimise them. Third, it argues that this needs to be undertaken through mandatory laws. Exploring the external limits and internal logic of agency cost analysis, this book will be of interest to academics, students, and researchers of corporate and company law.
This issue of Emergency Medicine Clinics focuses on Neurologic Emergencies. Articles include: Headache; Back Pain; Dizziness; Generalized Weakness; Initial Diagnosis and Management of Coma; Neuro-ophthalmology; Diagnosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke; Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke; Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke; Status Epilepticus; Diagnosis and Emergency Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and more!
Most countries hold large gross asset positions, lending in domestic currency and borrowing in foreign. Thus, their balance sheets are exposed to nominal exchange rates. We argue that when asset markets are incomplete, nominal exchange rate exposure allows countries to partially insure against shocks that move real exchange rates. We demonstrate that asset market incompleteness can simultaneously generate realistic gross asset positions and resolve the Backus-Smith puzzle: that relative consumptions and real exchange rates correlate negatively. We also show that local perturbation methods that use stabilizing endogenous discount factors are inaccurate when average and steady state interest rates differ. To address this, we develop a novel global solution method to accurately solve the model.
Derived from the bestselling Berek & Novak’s Gynecology, this concise, easily accessible reference presents essential information in gynecology in a highly readable, fully illustrated format. Berek & Novak’s Gynecology Essentials includes the most clinically relevant chapters, tables, and figures from the larger text, carefully compiled and edited by Dr. Berek and ideally suited for residents, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, midwives, and other healthcare providers.
Macey on Corporation Laws brings together three major resources for analyzing and comprehending modern corporation law The American Bar Association's Model Business Corporation Act, The American Law Institute's Principles of Corporate Governance, and Delaware's highly sophisticated and respected General Corporation Law. Clear, expertly analyzed, authoritative, and uniquely insightful, this resource covers every vital area of corporate law, including: The process of incorporation Corporate powers and corporate purposes Rules relating to the structure of the Board of Directors Shares and distributions Voting trusts and voting agreements among shareholders Mergers Amendments to the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws Changes to Model Business Corporation Act Amendments to Delaware General Corporation Law And much more Logically organized around the pertinent topics found in a standard state corporation statute, Macey on Corporation Laws is the ideal reference to consult when researching statutory construction, applicability, interpretation, and scope. Plus Macey on Corporation Law accompanying CD-ROM information package is the ideal research companion to your print volumes.
From James Chang MD, FACS, Associate Professor of Surgery [Plastic Surgery] and Orthopedic Surgery Hand and Microsurgery, Program Director, Plastic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center:"The Yearbook of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery is an annual review of the year's most relevant articles pertaining to this specialty. World-recognized hand surgery experts provide commentary on their personal experience related to these published abstracts. This interactive format allows the resident, fellow, or practicing surgeon to become quickly updated in this rapidly-changing field. The portable book form allows this Yearbook to be carried anywhere for ease of use. On first reading, the hand surgeon can become familiar with the latest studies published. Thereafter, it can remain on the bookshelf for easy reference of that year's key articles.
Berek and Hacker's Gynecologic Oncology is written for gynecologic oncologists and fellows, general gynecologists and medical and radiation oncologists and presents the general principles and medical and surgical treatment for the range of gyencologic cancers: cervical, breast, ovarian, vulvar and vaginal and uterine. Chapters are templated and evidence-based. The strength of this book is its ability to translate basic science to clinical practice. Gynecologic Oncology is one of the four gynecologic subspecialties (along with FPMRS, REI and MFM).
From farm to fork, the conventional food chain is under enormous pressure to respond to a whole series of new challenges - food scares in rich countries, food security concerns in poor countries, and a burgeoning problem of obesity in all countries. As more and more people demand to know where their food comes from, and how it is produced, issues of place, power, and provenance assume increasing significance for producers, consumers, and regulators, challenging the corporate forces that shape the 'placeless foodscape'. Far from being confined to niche products, questions about the origins of food are also surfacing in the conventional sector, where labelling has become a major political issue. Drawing on theories of multi-level governance, three leading scholars in the field explore the geo-politics of the food chain in different spatial arenas: the World Trade Organization, where free trade principles clash with fair trade concerns in the debate about agricultural reform; the European Union, where producers are under pressure from environmentalists for a more traceable and sustainable food system; and the US, where there is a striking contradiction between the rhetoric of free markets and the reality of a heavily subsidised farming sector. To understand the local impact of these global trends, the authors explore three different regional worlds of food: the traditional world of localised quality in Tuscany, the peripheral world of commodity production in Wales, and the frontier world of agri-business in California.
An account of Ulysses S. Grant's hotly contested Civil War decision to expel Jewish citizens from the territory under his command evaluates the reverberations of his decision on his career, the nascent Jewish-American community and the nation's political process. By the award-winning author of American Judaism.
Long recognized as the standard general reference in the field, this completely revised edition of Grainger and Allison?s Diagnostic Radiology provides all the information that a trainee needs to master to successfully take their professional certification examinations as well as providing the practicing radiologist with a refresher on topics that may have been forgotten. Organized along an organ and systems basis, this resource covers all diagnostic imaging modalities in an integrated, correlative fashion and focuses on those topics that really matter to a trainee radiologist in the initial years of training. "...the latest edition ... continues the fine tradition set by its predecessors.... help young radiologists to prepare for their examinations and continue to be a source of information to be dipped in and out of ... senior radiologists will also find the book useful ..." Reviewed by: RAD Magazine March 2015 "I am sure the current edition will be successful and help young radiologists to prepare for their examinations and continue to be a source of information to be dipped in and out of..." Reviewed by RAD Magazine, March 2015 Master the field and prepare for certification or recertification with a succinct, comprehensive account of the entire spectrum of imaging modalities and their clinical applications. Effectively apply the latest techniques and approaches with complete updates throughout including 4 new sections (Abdominal Imaging, The Spine, Oncological Imaging, and Interventional Radiology) and 28 brand new chapters. Gain the fresh perspective of two new editors—Jonathan Gillard and Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop -- eight new section editors -- Michael Maher, Andrew Grainger, Philip O’Connor, Rolf Jager, Vicky Goh, Catherine Owens, Anna Maria Belli, Michael Lee -- and 135 new contributors. Stay current with the latest developments in imaging techniques such as CT, MR, ultrasound, and coverage of hot topics such as: Image guided biopsy and ablation techniques and Functional and molecular imaging. Solve even your toughest diagnostic challenges with guidance from nearly 4,000 outstanding illustrations. Quickly grasp the fundamentals you need to know through a more concise, streamlined format. Access the full text online at Expert Consult.
The consensus among central bankers is that higher inflation expectations can drive up inflation today, requiring tighter policy. We assess this by devising a novel method for identifying shocks to inflation expectations, estimating a semi-structural VAR where an expectation shock is identified as that which causes measured expectations to diverge from rationality. Using data for the United States, we find that a positive inflation expectations shock is deflationary and contractionary: inflation, output, and interest rates all fall. These results are inconsistent with the standard New Keynesian model, which predicts inflation and interest rate hikes. We discuss possible resolutions to this new puzzle.
Machine learning (ML) offers the potential to train data-based models and therefore to extract knowledge from data. Due to an increase in networking and digitalization, data and consequently the application of ML are growing in production. The creation of ML models includes several tasks that need to be conducted within data integration, data preparation, modeling, and deployment. One key design decision in this context is the selection of the hyperparameters of an ML algorithm – regardless of whether this task is conducted manually by a data scientist or automatically by an AutoML system. Therefore, data scientists and AutoML systems rely on hyperparameter optimization (HPO) techniques: algorithms that automatically identify good hyperparameters for ML algorithms. The selection of the HPO technique is of great relevance, since it can improve the final performance of an ML model by up to 62 % and reduce its errors by up to 95 %, compared to computing with default values. As the selection of the HPO technique depends on different domain-specific influences, it becomes more and more popular to use decision support systems to facilitate this selection. Since no approach exists, which covers the requirements from the production domain, the main research question of this thesis was: Can a decision support system be developed that supports in the selecting of HPO techniques in the production domain?
Object Lessons is a series of short, beautifully designed books about the hidden lives of ordinary things. These days the bicycle often appears as an interloper in a world constructed for cars. An almost miraculous 19th-century contraption, the bicycle promises to transform our lives and the world we live in, yet its time seems always yet-to-come or long-gone-by. Jonathan Maskit takes us on an interdisciplinary ride to see what makes the bicycle a magical machine that could yet make the world a safer, greener, and more just place. Object Lessons is published in partnership with an essay series in The Atlantic.
The Second Crusade (1145-1149) was an extraordinarily bold attempt to overcome unbelievers on no less than three fronts. Crusader armies set out to defeat Muslims in the Holy Land and in Iberia as well as pagans in northeastern Europe. But, to the shock and dismay of a society raised on the triumphant legacy of the First Crusade, only in Iberia did they achieve any success. This book, the first in 140 years devoted to the Second Crusade, fills a major gap in our understanding of the Crusades and their importance in medieval European history. Historian Jonathan Phillips draws on the latest developments in Crusade studies to cast new light on the origins, planning, and execution of the Second Crusade, some of its more radical intentions, and its unprecedented ambition. With original insights into the legacy of the First Crusade and the roles of Pope Eugenius III and King Conrad III of Germany, Phillips offers the definitive work on this neglected Crusade that, despite its failed objectives, exerted a profound impact across Europe and the eastern Mediterranean.
This book is devoted to the broad subject of flavor physics, embracing the question of what distinguishes one type of elementary particles from another. The articles range from the forefront of formal theory (treating the physics of extra dimensions) to details of particle detectors. Although special emphasis is placed on the physics of kaons, charmed and beauty particles, top quarks, and neutrinos, the articles also dealing with electroweak physics, quantum chromodynamics, supersymmetry, and dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. Violations of fundamental symmetries such as time reversal invariance are discussed in the context of neutral kaons, beauty particles, electric dipole moments, and parity violation in atoms. The physics of the CabibboOCoKobayashiOCoMaskawa matrix and of quark masses are described in some detail, both from the standpoint of present and future experimental knowledge and from a more fundamental viewpoint, where physicists are still searching for the correct theory. Contents: The Electroweak Theory (C Quigg); CP Violation (L Wolfenstein); Precision Electroweak Physics (Y-K Kim); Kaon and Charm Physics: Theory (G Buchalla); Kaon Physics: Experiments (T Barker); The Status of Mixing in the Charm Sector (J P Cumalat); Basics of QCD Perturbation Theory (D E Soper); Lattice QCD and the CKM Matrix (T DeGrand); The Strong CP Problem (M Dine); A Bibliography of Atomic Parity Violation and Electric Dipole Moment Experiments (C E Wieman); The CKM Matrix and the Heavy Quark Expansion (A F Falk); CP Violation in B Decays (J L Rosner); Lectures on the Theory of Nonleptonic B Decays (M Neubert); Asymmetrical e Collisions (A Roodman); Pathological Science (S Stone); Top Physics (E H Simmons); Neutrino Mass, Mixing, and Oscillation (B Kayser); Flavor in Supersymmetry (H Murayama); Technicolor and Compositeness (R S Chivukula); Models of Fermion Masses (G G Ross); Physics of Extra Dimensions (J D Lykken). Readership: Graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and senior researchers in high energy physics.
This is a readable, informative and up-to-date account of the patterns and controls on biodiversity. The author describes major trends in species richness, along with uncertainties in current knowledge. The various possible explanations for past and present species patterns are discussed and explained in an even-handed and accessible way. The implications of global climate change and habitat loss are considered, along with current strategies for preserving what we have. This book examines the state of current understanding of species richness patterns and their explanations. As well as the present day world, it deals with diversification and extinction, in the conservation of species richness, and the difficulties of assessing how many species remain to be discovered. The scientifically compelling subject of vegetation-climate interaction is considered in depth. Written in an accessible style, the author offers an up-to-date, rigorous and yet eminently comprehensible overview of the ecology and biogeography of species richness. He departs from the often heavy approach of earlier texts, without sacrificing rigor and depth of information and analysis. Prefacing with the aims of the book, Chapter 1 opens with an explanation of latitudinal gradients, including a description of major features of the striking gradients in species richness, exceptions to the rule, explanations, major theories and field and experimental tests. The following chapter plumbs the depth of time, including the nature of the fossil record, broad timescale diversity patterns, ecosystem changes during mass extinctions and glaciations and their influence on species richness. Chapters 3 and 4 consider hotspots and local scale patterns in species richness while Chapter 5 looks at the limitations and uncertainties on current estimates of richness, the last frontiers of species diversity and the process of identifying new life forms. The last three chapters cover humans and extinctions in history and prehistory, current habitat and global change, including the greenhouse effect, and the race to preserve what we still have, including parks, gene banks and laws.
An accessible account of the ways in which the world's plant life affects the climate. It covers everything from tiny local microclimates created by plants to their effect on a global scale. If you’ve ever wondered how vegetation can create clouds, haze and rain, or how plants have an impact on the composition of greenhouse gases, then this book is required reading.
Master the information you need to know for practice and prepare for certification or recertification with a succinct, comprehensive account of the entire spectrum of imaging modalities and their clinical applications. Throughout six outstanding editions, Grainger and Allison’s Diagnostic Radiology has stood alone as the single comprehensive reference on general diagnostic radiology. Now in two succinct volumes, the 7th Edition of this landmark text continues to provide complete coverage of all currently available imaging techniques and their clinical applications – the essential information you need to succeed in examinations and understand current best practices in radiological diagnosis Organizes content along an organ and systems basis, covering all diagnostic imaging techniques in an integrated, correlative fashion, with a focus on the topics that matter most to a trainee radiologist in the initial years of training. Contains more than 4,000 high-quality illustrations that enhance and clarify the text. Features an expanded section on cardiac imaging to reflect major developments in cardiac MRI, including 3D ultrasound, PET, and SPECT. Integrates functional and molecular imaging throughout each section, and includes the latest image-guided biopsy and ablation techniques. Provides an ideal resource for written, oral, and re-certifying board study as well as for a clinical practice refresher on topics that may have been forgotten.
Offering a thorough, highly illustrated review of the musculoskeletal physical exam, this practical guide covers relevant anatomy, pathoanatomy, and special tests using the well-known art of Dr. Frank H. Netter as well as clinical photographs. Netter’s Orthopaedic Clinical Examination: An Evidence-Based Approach, 4th Edition, provides the information you need to assess the reliability and diagnostic utility of musculoskeletal physical exams and incorporate evidence into your clinical decision making. Summary tables and carefully selected references highlight best available evidence, providing a practical resource for the busy student and clinician. Provides up-to-date, actionable summaries of available evidence so you can quickly evaluate the effectiveness of clinical tests, review recent studies, and determine which test will best predict a specific diagnosis. Includes more than 25 videos showing movement for select tests, helping you get the most clinically significant information from the orthopaedic examination. Presents classic Netter artwork and anatomy/biomechanics tables that enhance your understanding of the orthopedic anatomy and pathology of each joint. Uses a practical, tabular format that provides quick access to test reliability and diagnostic utility, study quality, anatomy and biomechanics, and summary recommendations for applying evidence in practice. Features an assessment of study quality (QUADAS) appendix and color-coded icons identifying study quality that draw your attention to top-quality studies and help you understand why some studies were included and others omitted. Adds a scale to reliability tables, making it easy to focus on approaches and tests with the highest reliability, and includes QAREL (Quality Appraisal for Reliability Studies) checklists for each reliability study.
The Neurology of Vision sets out the principles and information needed to understand and manage disorders of the visual pathways in the brain. The author divides vision into three components. The optical component addresses the eye's ability to properly focus light on the retina. The retinocortical component converts light into neural signals in the retina, transmitting them to the primary visual cortex. Finally, the integrative component converts this simple visual information into more complicated forms. The symptoms and signs, testing methods, and diseases of each part of the visual system are presented using this unique, structural component approach. A final chapter discusses the visual manifestations of psychiatric disturbances. The book is heavily illustrated with over 150 beautifully rendered line illustrations, 50 radiographic brain images, and 60 retinal photographs. Case studies with teaching questions are also included, to further the reader's knowledge and test understanding.
Maternal and Child Health: Programs, Problems, and Policy in Public Health, Third Edition takes a developmental approach to Maternal and CHild Health (MCH). Organized according to fundamental principles of MCH, this book covers traditional MCH topics such as family planning and maternal and infant health, in addition to skills that are applicable across Public Health disciplines such as planning, research, monitoring, and advocacy. Successfully tested in prestigious academic programs of Public Health, Maternal and CHild Health, Third Edition appeals to students across the health professions and those interested in women's health, reproductive health, maternal and infant health, and the health of children and adolescents--those with special needs. The Third Edition is a thorough update that includes: new chapters on environmental health, life course, oral health, and monitoring and evaluation; streamlined chapters on assessment and planning, MCH research, rights and justice, and advocacy and policy development; new and additional material on global health and health disparities in MCH; new material in life course theory; and new ancillary course material for instructors.
Since the 3rd edition of this book there have been so many important developments in the study of brain/behavior relationships that the current edition represents an entirely new book. We have maintained the structured of the first three editions, which in the past has made this best selling book the most comprehensive and accessible source of information on behavioral neurology and neuropsychiatry.
GAIN A GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE – AND SHARPEN YOUR BOARD PREPARATION SKILLS -- WITH THE ONLY REVIEW BASED ON THE CONTENT OF HURST’S THE HEARTCardiology Board Review and Self-Assessment is an all-inclusive study guide and learning tool written to complement the Fourteenth Edition of Hurst’s the Heart – the field’s cornerstone text, and the resource considered by many to be the pinnacle of cardiovascular knowledge. Cardiology Board Review and Self-Assessment contains more than 1,100 carefully selected questions and answers presented in multiple-choice format. Each of the 112 chapters of Hurst’s the Heart is represented in this unique review, with ten multiple-choice questions. Detailed answers are provided for each question, including not only an explanation of why the correct answer is correct, but also why the incorrect answers are incorrect.HERE’S WHY THIS IS THE ULTIMATE BOARD REVIEW AND CARDIOLOGY LEARNING TOOL:•Questions and answers correspond to appropriate sections of Hurst’s the Heart, and include valuable tables, figures, images, and references•The more than 1,100 Q&A span the depth and breadth of the entire field of cardiovascular medicine•High-yield material is specifically selected for Board relevance •Includes content based on ACC, AHA, and ESC guidelinesCardiology Board Review and Self-Assessment: A Companion Guide to Hurst’s the Heart is essential reading for anyone preparing to take the Subspecialty Examination in Cardiovascular Disease given by the Board of Internal Medicine, as well as practicing cardiologists preparing for recertification. It is also of value to medical students, residents, fellows, practicing physicians, and other healthcare professionals who wish to expand their knowledge of cardiovascular medicine.
Illegal psychoactive substances and illicit prescription drugs are currently used on a daily basis all over the world. Affecting public health and social welfare, illicit drug use is linked to disease, disability, and social problems. Faced with an increase in usage, national and global policymakers are turning to addiction science for guidance on how to create evidence-based drug policy. Drug Policy and the Public Good is an objective analytical basis on which to build global drug policies. It presents the accumulated scientific knowledge on drug use in relation to policy development on a national and international level. By also revealing new epidemiological data on the global dimensions of drug misuse, it questions existing regulations and highlights the growing need for evidence-based, realistic, and coordinated drug policy. A critical review of cumulative scientific evidence, Drug Policy and the Public Good discusses four areas of drug policy; primary prevention programs in schools and other settings; supply reduction programs, including legal enforcement and drug interdiction; treatment interventions and harm reduction approaches; and control of the legal market through prescription drug regimes. In addition, it analyses the current state of global drug policy, and advocates improvements in the drafting of public health policy. Drug Policy and the Public Good is a global source of information and inspiration for policymakers involved in public health and social welfare. Presenting new research on illicit and prescription drug use, it is also an essential tool for academics, and a significant contribution to the translation of addiction research into effective drug policy.
Archaeological investigation of Early Middle Palaeolithic flint tools, including hand axes, and faunal remains in the North Sea. This volume also examines submerged and buried landscapes. The methods used to recover artifacts and other remains and to explore these buried landscapes are also described. The results are placed into the context of the British and European Early Middle Palaeolithic.
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