Jon N. Hale's Books

The Freedom Schools

Student Activists in the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement

By: Jon N. Hale

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The Freedom Schools

Student Activists in the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement

By: Jon N. Hale

Created in 1964 as part of the Mississippi Freedom Summer, the Mississippi Freedom Schools were launched by educators and activists to provide an alternative education for African American students that would facilitate student activism and participatory democracy. The schools, as Jon N. Hale demonstrates, had a crucial role in the civil rights movement and a major impact on the development of progressive education throughout the nation. Designed and run by African American and white educators and activists, the Freedom Schools counteracted segregationist policies that inhibited opportunities for black youth. Providing high-quality, progressive education that addressed issues of social justice, the schools prepared African American students to fight for freedom on all fronts. Forming a political network, the Freedom Schools taught students how, when, and where to engage politically, shaping activists who trained others to challenge inequality. Based on dozens of first-time interviews with former Freedom School students and teachers and on rich archival materials, this remarkable social history of the Mississippi Freedom Schools is told from the perspective of those frequently left out of civil rights narratives that focus on national leadership or college protestors. Hale reveals the role that school-age students played in the civil rights movement and the crucial contribution made by grassroots activists on the local level. He also examines the challenges confronted by Freedom School activists and teachers, such as intimidation by racist Mississippians and race relations between blacks and whites within the schools. In tracing the stories of Freedom School students into adulthood, this book reveals the ways in which these individuals turned training into decades of activism. Former students and teachers speak eloquently about the principles that informed their practice and the influence that the Freedom School curriculum has had on education. They also offer key strategies for further integrating the American school system and politically engaging today's youth.

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Page Count

317

Publisher

Columbia University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0231541821

ISBN 13

9780231541824

A New Kind of Youth

Historically Black High Schools and Southern Student Activism, 1920–1975

By: Jon N. Hale

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A New Kind of Youth

Historically Black High Schools and Southern Student Activism, 1920–1975

By: Jon N. Hale

The story of activist youth in America is usually framed around the Vietnam War, the counterculture, and college campuses, focusing primarily on college students in the 1960s and 1970s. But a remarkably effective tradition of Black high school student activism in the civil rights era has gone understudied. In 1951, students at R. R. Moton High School in rural Virginia led a student walkout and contacted the law firm of Hill, Martin, and Robinson in Richmond, Virginia, to file one of the five pivotal court cases that comprised the Brown v. Board of Education decision. In 1960, twenty-four Burke High School students in Charleston, South Carolina, organized the first direct action, nonviolent protest in the city at the downtown S. H. Kress department store. Months later in the small town of McComb, Mississippi, an entire high school walked out in protest of the conviction of a student who sat-in on a local Woolworth lunch counter in 1961, guiding the agenda for the historic Freedom Summer campaign of 1964. A New Kind of Youth brings high school activism into greater focus, illustrating how Black youth supported liberatory social and political movements and inspired their elders across the South.

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Page Count

349

Publisher

UNC Press Books

Published Date

ISBN 10

1469671409

ISBN 13

9781469671406

The Choice We Face

How Segregation, Race, and Power Have Shaped America's Most Controversial Educat ion Reform Movement

By: Jon Hale

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The Choice We Face

How Segregation, Race, and Power Have Shaped America's Most Controversial Educat ion Reform Movement

By: Jon Hale

A comprehensive history of school choice in the US, from its birth in the 1950s as the most effective weapon to oppose integration to its lasting impact in reshaping the public education system today. Most Americans today see school choice as their inalienable right. In The Choice We Face, scholar Jon Hale reveals what most fail to see: school choice is grounded in a complex history of race, exclusion, and inequality. Through evaluating historic and contemporary education policies, Hale demonstrates how reframing the way we see school choice represents an opportunity to evolve from complicity to action. The idea of school choice, which emerged in the 1950s during the civil rights movement, was disguised by American rhetoric as a symbol of freedom and individualism. Shaped by the ideas of conservative economist Milton Friedman, the school choice movement was a weapon used to oppose integration and maintain racist and classist inequalities. Still supported by Democrats and Republicans alike, this policy continues to shape American education in nuanced ways, Hale shows—from the expansion of for-profit charter schools and civil rights–based reform efforts to the appointment of Betsy DeVos. Exposing the origins of a movement that continues to privilege middle- to upper-class whites while depleting the resources for students left behind, The Choice We Face is a bold, definitive new history that promises to challenge long-held assumptions on education and redefines our moment as an opportunity to save it—a choice we will not have for much longer.

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Page Count

288

Publisher

Beacon Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0807087505

ISBN 13

9780807087503

The Choice We Face

How Segregation, Race, and Power Have Shaped America's Most Controversial Educat ion Reform Movement

By: Jon Hale

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The Choice We Face

How Segregation, Race, and Power Have Shaped America's Most Controversial Educat ion Reform Movement

By: Jon Hale

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N/A

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Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

288

Publisher

Beacon Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0807087505

ISBN 13

9780807087503

Book's by Jon N. Hale

The Freedom Schools

The Freedom Schools

A New Kind of Youth

A New Kind of Youth

The Choice We Face

The Choice We Face

The Choice We Face

The Choice We Face

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