The record shows that the United States often acts as if it has license to disregard the sovereign rights of other peoples and nations. Kofas argues the United States has used Greece as a means of satisfying its own interests for the past half-century, and that Greece has suffered mightily at the hands of its protector. The United States has deemed this strategically situated nation too important to its own geopolitical ambitions to allow it to realize the democratic freedoms so often espoused. Because of U.S. pressure, Greeks have been subjected to authoritarian regimes and have carried huge military budgets that have significantly weakened social programs. Kofas shows that Greece's own domestic and international interests were consistently subordinated to America's.
. . . this ground-breaking study by Jon Kofas . . . provides an insightful analysis of the American aid program that determined the political and economic configuration of postwar Greece. Kofa's analysis, however, is equally significant for United States history because it was on Greek soil that American counterinsurgency, pacification, and containment tactics were evolved, tested, and later applied elsewhere in the Third World. Those who seek meaningful reappraisal rather than beguiling rationalization might well begin with this study, solidly grounded on all available sources. It presents a revisionist perspective regarding both the economic and the political development of Greece under American tutelage. The declared objective of the economic aid was to avoid restructuring of the Greek economy, and to preserve Greece as an exporter of raw materials and an importer of manufactured goods. Kofas asserts that an alternative program similar to that of the northern Balkan countries was feasible, and that failure to undertake such a program is vulnerable of today's Greek economy. Likewise in the political realm, Kofas rejects the Washington dogma that Greece has to be in either the Soviet or the American camp, and therefore must be in the latter. Kofas proposes as a &"plausible alternative&" a social-demographic regime that, in addition to socioeconomic reforms at home, could have pursued abroad a pro-Greek rather than a pro-Soviet or pro-American course. The victory of the American-supported forces in Greece obscured this alternative vision for decades. Yet it was persistently propounded, in the face of discouraging odds, by a variety of centrist and leftist leaders. With the coming to office of Andreas Papandreou, this vision has become official policy in Athens. Furthermore, assorted versions of this alternative strategy are cropping up globally, which is the underlying reason why the Third World today is out of control. And also why superpower doctrines and projects not recognizing this indisputable and irreversible fact are experiencing difficulties as embarrassing as they are predictable. Hence the broad significance of this thoughtful and thought provoking study. &—From the Foreword by L. S. Stavrianos
Jon Kofas offers a comprehensive and thought-provoking study of 'global integration' after the Second World War. Globalization is perceived to be essentially the process of world economic integration in which the United States has played the key role but in which interests of most Third World countries have been sacrificed. This study's original contribution lies in the author's contention that there have been two 'models' of globalization: the US led 'patron-client model' and the EU initiated 'interdependent integral model'. It will be of particular interest to those studying and researching in the fields of international political economy, foreign policy, development politics, political theory and sociology of development.
Focusing on Chile and Colombia during the 1950s and 1960s, Kofas examines the impact of IMF, World Bank, and U.S. foreign policy on the economies and social and political institutions of Latin America. Far from fostering democracy and social justice, foreign loans and aid were major impediments to these ideals. Symptomatic of systematic underdevelopment, cyclical Third World foreign borrowing and debt crises have been responsible for maintaining the debtor nations integrated into the global market economy, perpetuating their dependency, and maintaining low living standards. Comparing Colombia and Chile, the book examines the complex factors of domestic and international forces that account for structural underdevelopment in the Third World. A study on the historical antecedents of globalism and its impact on the Third World, this book analyzes the interplay between IMF, World Bank, and U.S. foreign policy in shaping the economies of the Third World through loans that are the catalyst to global integration. Through its in-depth look at a complex topic, this book will prove provocative and valuable reading to students of globalization, inter-American relations, international finance, Latin American History, and U.S. diplomatic history.
This book is a study of the historical antecedents of Latin America's foreign debt, with a focus on Peru from 1930 to 1970. Written from the dependency theory perspective, the book attributes underdevelopment to chronic debt crises. It emphasizes the multilateral lending agencies' role in shaping Latin America's contemporary political economy, in cooperation with the U.S. government and multinational corporations and Latin America's local elites. This book presents a chapter in Peru's contemporary history targeted for students and scholars of Latin American studies, U.S. diplomatic history, international political economy, political science, and sociology of development. Contents: Preface; Introduction; Hemispheric Economic Integration and U.S. Foreign Policy: From the Good Neighbor Policy to the Alliance for Progress; Peru and Hemispheric Integration: From the Good Neighbor Policy to the Cold War; U.S.-Peru Financial Relations during the Odria Regime; Bankruptcy of Reformism: U.S.-Peru Financial Relations from Prado's Election to the Coup d'Etat of 1968; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Index.
A gripping, passion-filled and suspenseful tale of love, betrayal, political and religious intrigue, the novel entices the reader's senses and intellect beyond conventions. Slaves to Gods and Demons takes the reader through a roller coaster enthralling journey of personal trials and triumphs. Exploring complexities of human relationships shaped by priest and politician alike, the novel rests on the central theme that life is invariably a series of illusions some of which are euphoric, most horrifying, all an integral part of daily existence.
Focusing on Chile and Colombia during the 1950s and 1960s, Kofas examines the impact of IMF, World Bank, and U.S. foreign policy on the economies and social and political institutions of Latin America. Far from fostering democracy and social justice, foreign loans and aid were major impediments to these ideals. Symptomatic of systematic underdevelopment, cyclical Third World foreign borrowing and debt crises have been responsible for maintaining the debtor nations integrated into the global market economy, perpetuating their dependency, and maintaining low living standards. Comparing Colombia and Chile, the book examines the complex factors of domestic and international forces that account for structural underdevelopment in the Third World. A study on the historical antecedents of globalism and its impact on the Third World, this book analyzes the interplay between IMF, World Bank, and U.S. foreign policy in shaping the economies of the Third World through loans that are the catalyst to global integration. Through its in-depth look at a complex topic, this book will prove provocative and valuable reading to students of globalization, inter-American relations, international finance, Latin American History, and U.S. diplomatic history.
. . . this ground-breaking study by Jon Kofas . . . provides an insightful analysis of the American aid program that determined the political and economic configuration of postwar Greece. Kofa's analysis, however, is equally significant for United States history because it was on Greek soil that American counterinsurgency, pacification, and containment tactics were evolved, tested, and later applied elsewhere in the Third World. Those who seek meaningful reappraisal rather than beguiling rationalization might well begin with this study, solidly grounded on all available sources. It presents a revisionist perspective regarding both the economic and the political development of Greece under American tutelage. The declared objective of the economic aid was to avoid restructuring of the Greek economy, and to preserve Greece as an exporter of raw materials and an importer of manufactured goods. Kofas asserts that an alternative program similar to that of the northern Balkan countries was feasible, and that failure to undertake such a program is vulnerable of today's Greek economy. Likewise in the political realm, Kofas rejects the Washington dogma that Greece has to be in either the Soviet or the American camp, and therefore must be in the latter. Kofas proposes as a &"plausible alternative&" a social-demographic regime that, in addition to socioeconomic reforms at home, could have pursued abroad a pro-Greek rather than a pro-Soviet or pro-American course. The victory of the American-supported forces in Greece obscured this alternative vision for decades. Yet it was persistently propounded, in the face of discouraging odds, by a variety of centrist and leftist leaders. With the coming to office of Andreas Papandreou, this vision has become official policy in Athens. Furthermore, assorted versions of this alternative strategy are cropping up globally, which is the underlying reason why the Third World today is out of control. And also why superpower doctrines and projects not recognizing this indisputable and irreversible fact are experiencing difficulties as embarrassing as they are predictable. Hence the broad significance of this thoughtful and thought provoking study. &—From the Foreword by L. S. Stavrianos
This book is a study of the historical antecedents of Latin America's foreign debt, with a focus on Peru from 1930 to 1970. Written from the dependency theory perspective, the book attributes underdevelopment to chronic debt crises. It emphasizes the multilateral lending agencies' role in shaping Latin America's contemporary political economy, in cooperation with the U.S. government and multinational corporations and Latin America's local elites. This book presents a chapter in Peru's contemporary history targeted for students and scholars of Latin American studies, U.S. diplomatic history, international political economy, political science, and sociology of development. Contents: Preface; Introduction; Hemispheric Economic Integration and U.S. Foreign Policy: From the Good Neighbor Policy to the Alliance for Progress; Peru and Hemispheric Integration: From the Good Neighbor Policy to the Cold War; U.S.-Peru Financial Relations during the Odria Regime; Bankruptcy of Reformism: U.S.-Peru Financial Relations from Prado's Election to the Coup d'Etat of 1968; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Index.
Jon Kofas offers a comprehensive and thought-provoking study of 'global integration' after the Second World War. Globalization is perceived to be essentially the process of world economic integration in which the United States has played the key role but in which interests of most Third World countries have been sacrificed. This study's original contribution lies in the author's contention that there have been two 'models' of globalization: the US led 'patron-client model' and the EU initiated 'interdependent integral model'. It will be of particular interest to those studying and researching in the fields of international political economy, foreign policy, development politics, political theory and sociology of development.
The record shows that the United States often acts as if it has license to disregard the sovereign rights of other peoples and nations. Kofas argues the United States has used Greece as a means of satisfying its own interests for the past half-century, and that Greece has suffered mightily at the hands of its protector. The United States has deemed this strategically situated nation too important to its own geopolitical ambitions to allow it to realize the democratic freedoms so often espoused. Because of U.S. pressure, Greeks have been subjected to authoritarian regimes and have carried huge military budgets that have significantly weakened social programs. Kofas shows that Greece's own domestic and international interests were consistently subordinated to America's.
Our album-matching folio contains exclusive photos of this Grammy Award winner. Titles are: Don't Be Silly * Eyes of a Fool * Fat Chance * Good Feelings * If You Go * La La La * Mental Picture * Si Te Vas * Stay * Take Me * Tuyo * Where Do I Go from You * Whipped.
Dr. Stein believes that the solution to the pandemic in late 22nd century America rests with his experiment of the first post-plague bio-engineered human. His goal and that of his partner Red carrying the bio-engineered baby is to escape the electronic-fenced city of New Heaven, Iowa. Along with their friend Sarah, they plan to reach their destination in northern Canada where the prototype virus-free baby will grow up, far away from the infected techno-society. Following rebel uprisings in the mid-22nd century, accidental biochemical warfare contamination across the country ushered in a new era and new order in society. Under the cloud of the plague where the majority are infected, survival is a daily struggle behind electric-fenced cities. To feed the virus and maintain their health, the infected resort to physical and psychological violence and aggression. With any act or thought of love, passion or compassion, the condition of the infected population deteriorates. Free of virus symptoms, a minority of the population known as mutants are relegated to ghettos. Under the watchful eye of the police and widespread satellite and drone surveillance to control the population, the police-state has taken control of cities where rebels hide out in mutant ghettos waiting for the next uprising to topple the regime. In a world of humans with cybernetic organs operating with the aid of cybernetic devices engineered to withstand the polluted environment, Dr. Stein, Red, and Sarah dream of a world where they would be able to distinguish people living free from androids serving their infected masters. Melody, Dr. Stein and Red's bio-engineered child growing up in northern Canada’s wilderness, represents new hope for humanity, until she decides to return to New Heaven so she can be a part of the world from which her mother Red and her lab-creator father Dr. Stein escaped.
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