Situation Theory and situation semantics are recent approaches to language and information, approaches first formulated by Jon Barwise and John Perry in Situations and Attitudes (1983). The present volume collects some of Barwise's papers written since then, those directly concerned with relations among logic, situation theory, and situation semantics. Several papers appear here for the first time.
Covers first-order language in method appropriate for first and second courses in logic. CD-ROM consists of a new book, 3 programs,and an Internet-based grading service.
Circular analyses of philosophical, linguistic, or computational phenomena have been attacked on the assumption that they conflict with mathematical rigour. Barwise and Moss have undertaken to prove this assumption false. This volume is concerned with extending the modelling capabilities of set theory to provide a uniform treatment of circular phenomena. As a means of guiding the reader through the concrete examples of the theory, the authors have included many exercises and solutions: these exercises range in difficulty and ultimately stimulate the reader to come up with new results. Vicious Circles is intended for use by researchers who want to use hypersets; although some experience in mathematics is necessary, the book is accessible to people with widely differing backgrounds and interests.
Since their inception, the Perspectives in Logic and Lecture Notes in Logic series have published seminal works by leading logicians. Many of the original books in the series have been unavailable for years, but they are now in print once again. Admissible set theory is a major source of interaction between model theory, recursion theory and set theory, and plays an important role in definability theory. In this volume, the seventh publication in the Perspectives in Logic series, Jon Barwise presents the basic facts about admissible sets and admissible ordinals in a way that makes them accessible to logic students and specialists alike. It fills the artificial gap between model theory and recursion theory and covers everything the logician should know about admissible sets.
Situation Theory and situation semantics are recent approaches to language and information, approaches first formulated by Jon Barwise and John Perry in Situations and Attitudes (1983). The present volume collects some of Barwise's papers written since then, those directly concerned with relations among logic, situation theory, and situation semantics. Several papers appear here for the first time.
Bringing together powerful new tools from set theory and the philosophy of language, this book proposes a solution to one of the few unresolved paradoxes from antiquity, the Paradox of the Liar. Treating truth as a property of propositions, not sentences, the authors model two distinct conceptions of propositions: one based on the standard notion used by Bertrand Russell, among others, and the other based on J.L. Austin's work on truth. Comparing these two accounts, the authors show that while the Russellian conception of the relation between sentences, propositions, and truth is crucially flawed in limiting cases, the Austinian perspective has fruitful applications to the analysis of semantic paradox. In the course of their study of a language admitting circular reference and containing its own truth predicate, Barwise and Etchemendy also develop a wide range of model-theoretic techniques--based on a new set-theoretic tool, Peter Aczel's theory of hypersets--that open up new avenues in logical and formal semantics.
Information is a central topic in computer science, cognitive science and philosophy. In spite of its importance in the 'information age', there is no consensus on what information is, what makes it possible, and what it means for one medium to carry information about another. Drawing on ideas from mathematics, computer science and philosophy, this book addresses the definition and place of information in society. The authors, observing that information flow is possible only within a connected distribution system, provide a mathematically rigorous, philosophically sound foundation for a science of information. They illustrate their theory by applying it to a wide range of phenomena, from file transfer to DNA, from quantum mechanics to speech act theory.
When Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin's rigid airship LZ 1 flew over Lake Constance in 1900, it was the most advanced and impressive flying machine in the world: a colossal, lighter-than-air craft capable of controlled flight. In World War I, Zeppelins were first used in a reconnaissance role, but on 19 January 1915 Kaiser Wilhelm II authorised their use in bombing strategic targets in England. From then on, 'Zeppelin' became synonymous with terror to the British, and indeed the airship's effectiveness was more psychological than material. Still, their raids compelled the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service to embark on a program of modernising their aerial defences, accelerating a process that would ultimately make the aeroplane, rather than the airship, the paramount flying machine of the war. Using specially commissioned artwork, contemporary photographs and first-hand accounts, this book tells the fascinating story of Britain's first Blitz, from the airships who terrorised the public to the men who sought to defend the skies.
The Language of First-Order Logic is a complete introduction to first-order symbolic logic, consisting of a computer program and a text. The program, an aid to learning and using symbolic notation, allows one to construct symbolic sentences and possible worlds, and verify that a sentence is well formed. The truth or falsity of a sentence can be determined by playing a deductive game with the computer.
This book is intended, along with the computer program, to introduce the user to some of the most important concepts and tools of logic, including learning a new computer language.
This text/courseware package presents a new approach to teaching first-order logic. Taking advantage of Tarski's World 4.0, the text skilfully balances the semantic conception of logic with methods of proof. The book contains eleven chapters, in four parts. Part I is about propositional logic, Part II about quantifier logic. Part III contains chapters on set theory and inductive definitions. Part IV contains advanced topics in logic, including topics of importance in applications of logic in computer science. The Language of First-order Logic contains hundreds of problems and exercises for the user to work through.
Tarski's World 4.0 is an innovative and enjoyable way to introduce your students to the language of first-order logic. Using this program, students quickly master the meaning of the connectives and quantifiers, and soon become fluent in the symbolic language at the core of modern logic. Tarski's World allows the students to build three-dimensional worlds, and to describe them in first-order logic. They evaluate the sentences in the constructed worlds, and if their evaluation is incorrect, the program provides them with a game that leads them to understand where they went wrong. The package is intended as a supplement to any standard logic text, or for use by anyone who wants to learn the language. The disk and manual contain over a hundred exercises from very basic to highly sophisticated.
Turing's World is a self-contained introduction to Turing machines, one of the fundamental notions of logic and computer science. The text and accompanying diskette allow the user to design, debug, and run sophisticated Turing machines in a graphical environment on the Macintosh. Turning's World introduces users to the key concpets in computability theory through a sequence of over 100 exercises and projects. Within minutes, users learn to build simple Turing machines using a convenient package of graphical functions. Exercises then progress through a significant portion of elementary computability theory, covering such topics as the Halting problem, the Busy Beaver function, recursive functions, and undecidability. Version 3.0 is an extensive revision and enhancement of earlier releases of the program, allowing the construction of one-way and two-way finite state machines (finite automata), as well as nondeterministic Turing and finite-state machines. Special exercises allow users to explore these alternative machines.
Tarski's World 3.0 is an innovative and enjoyable way to introduce your students to the language of first-order logic. Using this program, students quickly master the meaning of the connectives and quantifiers, and soon become fluent in the symbolic language at the core of modern logic. Tarski's World allows the students to build three-dimensional worlds and describe them in first-order logic. They evaluate the sentences in the constructed worlds, and if their evaluation is incorrect, the program provides them with a game that leads them to understand where they went wrong. The package is intended as a supplement to any standard logic text, or for use by anyone who wants to learn the language. The disk and manual contain over a hundred exercises from very basic to highly sophisticated.
Information is a central topic in computer science, cognitive science and philosophy. In spite of its importance in the 'information age', there is no consensus on what information is, what makes it possible, and what it means for one medium to carry information about another. Drawing on ideas from mathematics, computer science and philosophy, this book addresses the definition and place of information in society. The authors, observing that information flow is possible only within a connected distribution system, provide a mathematically rigorous, philosophically sound foundation for a science of information. They illustrate their theory by applying it to a wide range of phenomena, from file transfer to DNA, from quantum mechanics to speech act theory.
Bringing together powerful new tools from set theory and the philosophy of language, this book proposes a solution to one of the few unresolved paradoxes from antiquity, the Paradox of the Liar. Barwise and Etchemendy model and compare Russellian and Austinian conceptions of propositions, and develop a range of model-theoretic techniques--based on Aczel's work--that open up new avenues in logical and formal semantics.
We are invited to deal with mathematical activity in a sys tematic way [ ... ] one does expect and look for pleasant surprises in this requirement of a novel combination of psy chology, logic, mathematics and technology. Hao Wang, 1970, quoted from(Wang, 1970). The field of mathematics has been a key application area for automated theorem proving from the start, in fact the very first automatically found the orem was that the sum of two even numbers is even (Davis, 1983). The field of automated deduction has witnessed considerable progress and in the last decade, automated deduction methods have made their way into many areas of research and product development in computer science. For instance, deduction systems are increasingly used in software and hardware verification to ensure the correctness of computer hardware and computer programs with respect to a given specification. Logic programming, while still falling somewhat short of its expectations, is now widely used, deduc tive databases are well-developed and logic-based description and analysis of hard-and software is commonplace today.
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