John S. Haller (Jr.)'s Books

Medical Protestants

The Eclectics in American Medicine, 1825-1939

By: John S. Haller

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Medical Protestants

The Eclectics in American Medicine, 1825-1939

By: John S. Haller

John S. Haller,Jr., provides the first modern history of the Eclectic school of American sectarian medicine. The Eclectic school (sometimes called the "American School") flourished in the mid-nineteenth century when the art and science of medicine was undergoing a profound crisis of faith. At the heart of the crisis was a disillusionment with the traditional therapeutics of the day and an intense questioning of the principles and philosophy upon which medicine had been built. Many American physicians and their patients felt that medicine had lost the ability to cure. The Eclectics surmounted the crisis by forging a therapeutics based on herbal remedies and an empirical approach to disease, a system independent of the influence of European practices. Although rejected by the Regulars (adherents of mainstream medicine), the Eclectics imitated their magisterial manner, establishing two dozen colleges and more than sixty-five journals to proclaim the wisdom of their theory. Central to the story of Eclecticism is that of the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, the "mother institute" of reform medical colleges. Organized in 1845, the school was to exist for ninety-four years before closing in 1939. Throughout much of their history, the Eclectic medical schools provided an avenue into the medical profession for men and women who lacked the financial and educational opportunities the Regular schools required, siding with Professor Martyn Paine of the Medical Department of New York University, who, in 1846, had accused the newly formed American Medical Association of playing aristocratic politics behind a masquerade of curriculum reform. Eventually, though, they grudgingly followed the lead of the Regulars by changing their curriculum and tightening admission standards. By the late nineteenth century, the Eclectics found themselves in the backwaters of modern medicine. Unable to break away from their botanic bias and ill-equipped to support the implications of germ theory, the financial costs of salaried faculty and staff, and the research implications of laboratory science, the Eclectics were pushed aside by the rush of modern academic medicine.

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365

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SIU Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0809381060

ISBN 13

9780809381067

The People's Doctors

Samuel Thomson and the American Botanical Movement, 1790-1860

By: John S. Haller

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The People's Doctors

Samuel Thomson and the American Botanical Movement, 1790-1860

By: John S. Haller

Samuel Thomson, born in New Hampshire in 1769 to an illiterate farming family, had no formal education, but he learned the elements of botanical medicine from a "root doctor," who he met in his youth. Thomson sought to release patients from the harsh bleeding or purging regimens of regular physicians by offering inexpensive and gentle medicines from their own fields and gardens. He melded his followers into a militant corps of dedicated believers, using them to successfully lobby state legislatures to pass medical acts favorable to their cause. John S. Haller Jr. points out that Thomson began his studies by ministering to his own family. He started his professional career as an itinerant healer traveling a circuit among the small towns and villages of Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. Eventually, he transformed his medical practice into a successful business enterprise with agents selling several hundred thousand rights or franchises to his system. His popular New Guide to Health (1822) went through thirteen editions, including one in German, and countless thousands were reprinted without permission. Told here for the first time, Haller's history of Thomsonism recounts the division within this American medical sect in the last century. While many Thomsonians displayed a powerful, vested interest in anti-intellectualism, a growing number found respectability through the establishment of medical colleges and a certified profession of botanical doctors. The People's Doctors covers seventy years, from 1790, when Thomson began his practice on his own family, until 1860, when much of Thomson's medical domain had been captured by the more liberal Eclectics. Eighteen halftones illustrate this volume.

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416

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SIU Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0809323397

ISBN 13

9780809323395

Battlefield Medicine

A History of the Military Ambulance from the Napoleonic Wars through World War I

By: John S. Haller

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Battlefield Medicine

A History of the Military Ambulance from the Napoleonic Wars through World War I

By: John S. Haller

In this first history of the military ambulance, historian John S. Haller Jr. documents the development of medical technologies for treating and transporting wounded soldiers on the battlefield. Noting that the word ambulance has been used to refer to both a mobile medical support system and a mode of transport, Haller takes readers back to the origins of the modern ambulance, covering their evolution in depth from the late eighteenth century through World War I. The rising nationalism, economic and imperial competition, and military alliances and arms races of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries figure prominently in this history of the military ambulance, which focuses mainly on British and American technological advancements. Beginning with changes introduced by Dominique-Jean Larrey during the Napoleonic Wars, the book traces the organizational and technological challenges faced by opposing armies in the Crimean War, the American Civil War, the Franco-Prussian War, and the Philippines Insurrection, then climaxes with the trench warfare that defined World War I. The operative word is "challenges" of medical care and evacuation because while some things learned in a conflict are carried into the next, too often, the spasms of war force its participants to repeat the errors of the past before acquiring much needed insight. More than a history of medical evacuation systems and vehicles, this exhaustively researched and richly illustrated volume tells a fascinating story, giving readers a unique perspective of the changing nature of warfare in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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289

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SIU Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0809387875

ISBN 13

9780809387878

Shadow Medicine

The Placebo in Conventional and Alternative Therapies

By: John S. Haller, Jr.

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Shadow Medicine

The Placebo in Conventional and Alternative Therapies

By: John S. Haller, Jr.

Can Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) find common ground? A distinguished historian of medicine, John S. Haller Jr., explores the epistemological foundations of EBM and the challenges these conceptual tools present for both conventional and alternative therapies. As he explores a possible reconciliation between their conflicting approaches, Haller maintains a healthy, scientific skepticism yet finds promise in select complementary and alternative (CAM) therapies. Haller elucidates recent research on the placebo effect and shows how a new engagement between EBM and CAM might lead to a more productive medical practice that includes both the objectivity of evidence-based medicine and the subjective truth of the physician-patient relationship. Haller's book tours key topics in the standoff between EBM and CAM: how and why the double blinded, randomized clinical trial (RCT) came to be considered the gold standard in modern medicine; the challenge of postmodern medicine as it counters the positivism of evidence-based medicine; and the politics of modern CAM and the rise of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. He conducts an in-depth case study of homeopathy, explaining why it has emerged as a poster-child for CAM, and assesses CAM's popularity despite its poor performance in clinical trials. Haller concludes with hope, showing how new experimental protocols might tease out the evidentiary basis for the placebo effect and establish a foundation for some reconciliation between EBM and CAM.

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289

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Columbia University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0231537700

ISBN 13

9780231537704

Outcasts from Evolution

Scientific Attitudes of Racial Inferiority, 1859-1900

By: John S. Haller

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Outcasts from Evolution

Scientific Attitudes of Racial Inferiority, 1859-1900

By: John S. Haller

Haller (history, medical humanities, Southern Illinois U.) examines the scientific "proof" of racial inferiority in the US during the period between the 1859 publication of Darwin's Origin of Species and the discovery in 1900 of Gregor Mendel's experiments with genetics, in this reprint of a work first published in 1971 by University of Illinois Press. He shows how scientists sought to apply evolutionary ideas to morality, health, and the physiognomy of nonwhite races, and looks at the relationship between scientific theories and public policy. Includes bandw illustrations. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

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252

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SIU Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0809319829

ISBN 13

9780809319824

The Poetics of National and Racial Identity in Nineteenth-Century American Literature

By: John D. Kerkering

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The Poetics of National and Racial Identity in Nineteenth-Century American Literature

By: John D. Kerkering

John D. Kerkering's study examines the literary history of racial and national identity in nineteenth-century America. Kerkering argues that writers such as DuBois, Lanier, Simms, and Scott used poetic effects to assert the distinctiveness of certain groups in a diffuse social landscape. Kerkering explores poetry's formal properties, its sound effects, as they intersect with the issues of race and nation. He shows how formal effects, ranging from meter and rhythm to alliteration and melody, provide these writers with evidence of a collective identity, whether national or racial. Through this shared reliance on formal literary effects, national and racial identities, Kerkering shows, are related elements of a single literary history. This is the story of how poetic effects helped to define national identities in Anglo-America as a step toward helping to define racial identities within the United States. This highly original study will command a wide audience of Americanists.

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367

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1139440985

ISBN 13

9781139440981

The History of American Homeopathy

The Academic Years, 1820-1935

By: John Haller

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The History of American Homeopathy

The Academic Years, 1820-1935

By: John Haller

Discover how homeopathic practice developed alongside regular medicine Explore the history of American homeopathy from its roots in the early nineteenth century, through its burgeoning acceptance, to its subsequent fall from favor. The History of American Homeopathy: The Academic Years, 1820-1935 discusses the development of homeopathy’s unorthodox therapies, the reasons behind its widespread growth and popularity, and its development during medicine’s introspective age of doubt and the emergence of scientific reductionism. Not only does the book explain homeopathy within the same social, scientific, and philosophic traditions that affected other schools of the healing art, but it also promotes a more integrative connection between homeopathy’s unconventional therapeutics and the rigors of scientific medicine. The History of American Homeopathy examines the work of Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy—the development of his and other practitioners’ theories, and the factors in the growth and later withering of acceptance. You’ll learn the reasons behind homeopathy’s wave of popularity in nineteenth-century America and the impact of regular medicine’s shift to rationalistic system-theories and laboratory science on homeopathy. Discover how homeopathy emerged from the system-theories of the late eighteenth century; the mounting ideological differences within this unorthodox health art; its destructive internal feuds; and the factors that led to the eventual turning over of homeopathies to regular medicine. The History of American Homeopathy answers questions such as: how did the state of medicine in the early nineteenth century facilitate the public acceptance of Hahnemann’s theories? what were the relationships between regualr medicine and homeopathy? what tensions surfaced between academic and domestic homeopathy? how did homeopathic medical schools emerge, and what were their regional and philosophical distinctions? what was the impact of scientific medicine on homeopathy? what were the reasons for the growing division between the liberal wing of homeopathy and the more conservative Hahnemannians, and what effect did it have on the movement? The History of American Homeopathy: The Academic Years, 1820-1935 is an informative, insightful exploration of homeopathy’s roots that is valuable for medical historians, history students, homeopaths, alternative medical organizations, holistic healing societies, homeopathic study groups, homeopathic seminars and courses, and anyone interested in homeopathy.

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472

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CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0789026600

ISBN 13

9780789026606

Kindly Medicine

Physio-medicalism in America, 1836-1911

By: John S. Haller (Jr.)

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Kindly Medicine

Physio-medicalism in America, 1836-1911

By: John S. Haller (Jr.)

A history of this high-brow school of medicine, Physio-Medicalism. They promoted the belief that the body has a vital force that can be used to heal and substituted botanical medicines for allopathy's mineral drugs. The author traces their establishment and their descent into obscurity.

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238

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Kent State University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0873385772

ISBN 13

9780873385770

Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton

Civil War Surgeon, 1861-1865

By: John Hill Brinton

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Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton

Civil War Surgeon, 1861-1865

By: John Hill Brinton

****This is the interactive CD-ROM version of a classic reference since 1916; previous print editions have been cited in ARBA, Winchell, Walford, and Chen. It doesn't require cutting-edge amounts of computer power (386 or higher, 4Mb RAM, Windows 3.1 or later), and it courteously offers an icon for "uninstall." Navigation is via the table of contents, Boolean searching, and hyperlinks; and MathCad software allows for on-screen problem solving. Coverage includes the essentials of engines, pumps, compressors, turbines, gears, strength of materials, mechanics, and heat; Handbook content is supplemented with material from both the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th ed. and the McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

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386

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SIU Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0809320444

ISBN 13

9780809320448

The History of American Homeopathy

From Rational Medicine to Holistic Health Care

By: John S. Haller

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The History of American Homeopathy

From Rational Medicine to Holistic Health Care

By: John S. Haller

The History of American Homeopathy traces the rise of lay practitioners in shaping homeopathy as a healing system and its relationship to other forms of complementary and alternative medicine in an age when conventional biomedicine remains the dominant form. omplementary medicine within the American social, scientific, religious, and philosophic traditions.

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211

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Rutgers University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0813545838

ISBN 13

9780813545837

Michael A. Musmanno

Lawyer, Legislator, Judge, and Showman

By: John S. Haller (Jr.)

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Michael A. Musmanno

Lawyer, Legislator, Judge, and Showman

By: John S. Haller (Jr.)

Patrician looking but not patrician born, Musmanno was a self-made man memorable in his appearance and congenial to the times until his intentions and aspirations ran afoul of the circumstances. From his journals we see a man of extreme contradictions who sometimes exercised troubling and even controlling relationships over people and events"--

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311

Publisher

Rowman & Littlefield

Published Date

ISBN 10

1611463548

ISBN 13

9781611463545

Fictions of Certitude

Science, Faith, and the Search for Meaning, 1840–1920

By: John S. Haller

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Fictions of Certitude

Science, Faith, and the Search for Meaning, 1840–1920

By: John S. Haller

The search for belief and meaning among nineteenth-century intellectuals The nineteenth century’s explosion of scientific theories and new technologies undermined many deep-seated beliefs that had long formed the basis of Western society, making it impossible for many to retain the unconditional faith of their forebears. A myriad of discoveries—including Faraday’s electromagnetic induction, Joule’s law of conservation of energy, Pasteur’s germ theory, Darwin’s and Wallace’s theories of evolution by natural selection, and Planck’s work on quantum theory—shattered conventional understandings of the world that had been dictated by traditional religious teachings and philosophical systems for centuries. Fictions of Certitude: Science, Faith, and the Search for Meaning, 1840–1920 investigates the fin de siècle search for truth and meaning in a world that had been radically transformed. John S. Haller Jr. examines the moral and philosophical journeys of nine European and American intellectuals who sought deeper understanding amid such paradigmatic upheaval. Auguste Comte, John Henry Newman, Herbert Spencer, Alfred Russel Wallace, Thomas Henry Huxley, John Fiske, William James, Lester Frank Ward, and Paul Carus all belonged to an age in which one world was passing while another world that was both astounding and threatening was rising to take its place. For Haller, what makes the work of these nine thinkers worthy of examination is how they strove in different ways to find certitude and belief in the face of an epochal sea change. Some found ways to reconceptualize a world in which God and nature coexist. For others, the challenge was to discern meaning in a world in which no higher power or purpose can be found. As explained by D. H. Meyer, “The later Victorians were perhaps the last generation among English-speaking intellectuals able to believe that man was capable of understanding his universe, just as they were the first generation collectively to suspect that he never would.”

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318

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University Alabama Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0817320539

ISBN 13

9780817320539

Health and Wellness in 19th-Century America

By: John C. Waller

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Health and Wellness in 19th-Century America

By: John C. Waller

This book provides a comprehensive description of what being sick and receiving "medical care" was like in 19th-century America, allowing modern readers to truly appreciate the scale of the improvements in healthcare theory and practice. Health and Wellness in 19th-Century America covers a period of dramatic change in the United States by examining our changing understanding of the nature of the disease burden, the increasing size of the nation, and our conceptions of sickness and health. With topics ranging from the unsanitary tenements of New York's Five Points, the field hospitals of the Civil War, and to the laboratories of Johns Hopkins Medical School, author John C. Waller reveals a complex picture of tradition, discovery, innovation, and occasional spectacular success. This book draws upon an extensive literature to document sickness and wellness in environments like rural homesteads, urban East-coast slums, and the hastily built cities of the West. It provides a fascinating historical examination of a century in which Americans made giant strides in understanding disease yet also clung to traditional methods and ideas, charting how U.S. medical science gradually transformed from being a backwater to a world leader in the field.

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400

Publisher

Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Published Date

ISBN 13

9798216094982

Health Care in America

A History

By: John C. Burnham

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Health Care in America

A History

By: John C. Burnham

This comprehensive history of medicine and public health in America covers changes and developments over four centuries, from the arrival of the first Europeans to the twenty-first century.

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611

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JHU Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1421416085

ISBN 13

9781421416083

A Profile in Alternative Medicine

The Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, 1845-1942

By: John S. Haller

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A Profile in Alternative Medicine

The Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, 1845-1942

By: John S. Haller

A history of the Eclectic Medical Institute (EMI), and an account of the history of eclectic medicine, which competed with regular medicine in the 19th century. It recounts the feuds, successes, adversity and ultimate failure of this bastion of freedom in medical thought.

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234

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Kent State University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0873386108

ISBN 13

9780873386104

Black and Blue

The Origins and Consequences of Medical Racism

By: John Hoberman

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Black and Blue

The Origins and Consequences of Medical Racism

By: John Hoberman

Black & Blue is the first systematic description of how American doctors think about racial differences and how this kind of thinking affects the treatment of their black patients. The standard studies of medical racism examine past medical abuses of black people and do not address the racially motivated thinking and behaviors of physicians practicing medicine today. Black & Blue penetrates the physician’s private sphere where racial fantasies and misinformation distort diagnoses and treatments. Doctors have always absorbed the racial stereotypes and folkloric beliefs about racial differences that permeate the general population. Within the world of medicine this racial folklore has infiltrated all of the medical sub-disciplines, from cardiology to gynecology to psychiatry. Doctors have thus imposed white or black racial identities upon every organ system of the human body, along with racial interpretations of black children, the black elderly, the black athlete, black musicality, black pain thresholds, and other aspects of black minds and bodies. The American medical establishment does not readily absorb either historical or current information about medical racism. For this reason, racial enlightenment will not reach medical schools until the current race-aversive curricula include new historical and sociological perspectives.

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305

Publisher

Univ of California Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0520951840

ISBN 13

9780520951846

American Medicine in Transition, 1840-1910

By: John S. Haller

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American Medicine in Transition, 1840-1910

By: John S. Haller

After a lifetime of moving and assuming new identities, sixteen-year-old Chass begins to piece together the disturbing past that haunts her and her mother and which involves a mysterious tape, a deceased popular singer, and the secrets of several people in a small Alabama town.

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488

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University of Illinois Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0252008065

ISBN 13

9780252008061

King of Poisons

A History of Arsenic

By: John Parascandola

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King of Poisons

A History of Arsenic

By: John Parascandola

Murder--and chemical warfare--most foul.

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245

Publisher

Potomac Books, Inc.

Published Date

ISBN 10

1597978094

ISBN 13

9781597978095

Professionalizing Medicine

James Reeves and the Choices That Shaped American Health Care

By: John M. Harris Jr.

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Professionalizing Medicine

James Reeves and the Choices That Shaped American Health Care

By: John M. Harris Jr.

This biography of James Edmund Reeves, whose legislative accomplishments cemented American physicians' control of the medical marketplace, illuminates landmarks of American health care: the troubled introduction of clinical epidemiology and development of botanic medicine and homeopathy, the Civil War's stimulation of sanitary science and hospital medicine, the rise of government involvement, the revolution in laboratory medicine, and the explosive growth of phony cures. It recounts the human side of medicine as well, including the management of untreatable diseases and the complex politics of medical practice and professional organizing. Reeves' life provides a reminder that while politics, economics, and science drive the societal trajectory of modern health care, moral decisions often determine its path.

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