The Civil Wars of the seventeenth century had a devastating effect upon Wales and the Marches, stripping the country of its human resources and ruining whole communities. This book explores the years of conflict between 1642 and 1649, detailing the campaigns, sieges and battles which took place in every corner of the country, presenting information from a wide variety of sources to paint a wide-ranging picture of the nation at a significant turning point in its history.
This study overcomes the ambiguity and daunting scale of the subject of secularization by using the insights of anthropology and sociology, and by examining an earlier period than usually considered. Concentrating not only on a decline of religious belief, which is the last aspect of secularization, this study shows that a transformation of England's cultural grammar had to precede that loosening of belief, and that this was largely accomplished between 1500 and 1700. Only when definitions of space and time changed and language and technology were transformed (as well as art and play) could a secular world-view be sustained. As aspects of daily life became divorced from religious values and controls, religious culture was supplanted by religious faith, a reasoned, rather than an unquestioned, belief in the supernatural. Sommerville shows that this process was more political and theological than economic or social.
Jeremiah Joyce was one of the accused in the famous Treason Trials of 1794 which marked the suppression of radical agitation in Britain for the ensuing twenty years. He was a political radical who imbibed the traditions of the 'commonwealthman' and actively campaigned for a more democratic and representative state. Through the early 1790s he acted as the metropolitan political agent for his patron the Earl of Stanhope and he liased between radical groups whilst also distributing radical literature including Tom Paine's Rights of Man. He was one of the very few artisans at the end of the eighteenth century adopted by the literary and scientific intelligentsia and was unique in training to become a Unitarian minister at the age of 23 after serving a seven-year trade apprenticeship and having worked as a journeyman. This work traces the legacies, traditions and visions of the English Enlightenment as they are expressed through Joyce's life and literary production. It explores the evolution of these traditions against the threatening background of the French revolution and the developing imperatives for education in general, and science education in particular. By tracing the linkages between political, educational, scientific and publishing cultures, it reflects on the issues of late eighteenth century patronage, the literary forms of popular science and the evolution of the metropolitan book trade. In so doing the book recovers the life of a hitherto much neglected science writer and political activist and contributes to the histories of politics, education, science and the developing discipline of book history.
A detailed review of 120 popular films, mostly from the 1940s. Includes comprehensive cast and technical credits, plus background and release information.
This book is mainly about the field geology of granites at all scales from that of a single outcrop to plutons and batholiths. All field geologists work initially at the scale of the outcrop, consequently most of the phenomena treated herein are those which are visible at outcrop scale. However, granites typically occur as plutons and batholiths, some of which are so large as to apparently defy any effort at systematic treatment. Having had the opportunity of mapping two very large and very different batholiths, namely the Coastal Batholith of Peru and the tin granites of Southeast Asia, I have found that it is possible to map large batholiths within a relatively short time, so that the geology of the batholith as a whole can be appreciated. Moreover batholiths are one of the most common modes of granite occurrence, so it makes sense to study them at their natural scale. During my working life I have worked with many geologists from underdevel oped countries and this book is mainly to help them in unravelling the geology of their native batholiths. I have been lucky with my friends and colleagues of many nationalities, and I particularly thank Wallace Pitcher, who took me on as an untried apprentice in Peru, and who, by his kindness and example, showed me how to look at granites properly.
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