This volume focuses on the decision-making potential provided by second language performance assessments. The authors first situate performance assessment within a broader discussion of alternatives in language assessment and in educational assessment in general. They then discuss issues in performance assessment design, implementation, reliability, and validity. Finally, they present a prototype framework for second language performance assessment based on the integration of theoretical underpinnings and research findings from the task-based language teaching literature, the language testing literature, and the educational measurement literature. The authors outline test and item specifications, and they present numerous examples of prototypical language tasks. They also propose a research agenda focusing on the operationalization of second language performance assessments.
This book, first published in 1985, investigates the enactment of the federal income tax as a case study of an important Progressive Era reform. It was a critical issue that likely divided people along socioeconomic lines, thus helping to provide insight into the debate over the ‘class origins’ of the reformist movement.
Harriman was born of the dreams of prohibitionists who believed they could found a model city of industry where workers would be free from the corrupting influences of demon rum. In the beginning, Harriman appeared to be on the road to achieving this vision: in its first two years, the population exploded from only two farms in 1890 to a city of almost 4,000 by 1892. Settlers poured in from all over the eastern United States to purchase land and take part in the dream of the temperance city. Like most utopias, however, Harriman fell short of its founders' dreams. The Panic of 1893 drove many early backers into bankruptcy. Floods along the Emory River, including a particularly devastating one in 1929, damaged the city's industrial base. Nevertheless, Harriman experienced growth during the 20th century, boasting two major hosiery mills, a bustling downtown, quality schools, and the natural beauty of Appalachia. Today, it remains a unique city of Southern hospitality and Victorian charm.
A comprehensive manual for pre- and in-service ESL, EFL, and EIL educators who work with multilingual students at the secondary and postsecondary levels, this text balances insights from reading theory and research with highly practical, field-tested strategies for teaching and assessing second-language reading that educators can readily adopt and adapt to suit their contexts and student populations. Teaching Readers of English is a complete "go-to" source for teaching reading and promoting classroom and professional literacies in an increasingly digital world. Offering principled approaches and methods for planning and delivering effective L2 reading instruction, the text includes pedagogical features, such as questions for reflection, further reading and resources, and application activities to develop purposeful classroom reading lessons in a range of contexts. Changes in the Second Edition: Updated and revised chapters on formative and summative reading assessment, developing vocabulary knowledge and grammatical skill, and cultivating extensive reading and literary appreciation Updated information on institutional settings and reader demographics New pedagogical features in each chapter, including Chapter Summaries, Further Reading, Reflection and Review, and Application Activities A streamlined chapter sequence to enhance the text’s usability
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