The bicentenary of The Wealth of Nations has passed, and so has the centenary of the neoclassical revolution in economics. Yet the present state of dynamic economic theory leaves very much to be desired and appears to show little sign of significant improvement in the near future. Structured into 5 main topics, the main purpose of ‘Dynamic Economics Systems ’is to present arguments for this contention and to start developing the tools which are needed to make progress in understanding truly dynamic economic systems. First published in 2000.
An uncommonly clear and cogent investigation and correlation of key aspects of theoretical nuclear physics by leading experts: the nucleus, nuclear forces, nuclear spectroscopy, two-, three- and four-body problems, nuclear reactions, beta-decay and nuclear shell structure.
Intelligence in a Materials World contains 87 refereed papers selected from those presented at the Third International Conference on Intelligent Processing and Manufacturing of Materials. The contents span the full scope of the field of materials production and manufacturing from all parts of the world. The focus of this book is on practical applications of intelligent hardware and software. Topics include: New Intelligent Software Methods and Models Production of Raw Materials Biologically-Inspired Systems Simulation and Design of New Materials Atomistic and Electronic Modeling Web-based Design Metrology and Instrumentation Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Agent-based Large-Scale System Simulation Environmental Systems Planning and Scheduling Applications in Space Exploration Financial Transactions Materials Forming Rolling and Sheet Metal Systems Machining and Finishing Processes Language Recognition and Communication Cross-Disciplinary Research This book is an essential reference tool for individuals interested in applying state-of-the-art artificial Intelligence and its related modeling methods within areas that deal with materials production and manufacturing, from raw materials and ore to final consumer products. IPMM is an organization of over 400 individuals from over 45 countries who come together every two years to share in new ideas and applications that use intelligence (artificial or otherwise) to achieve new designs, novel planning methods, improved system optimization techniques, advanced process control or monitoring methods in different fields dealing with material science and engineering.
The aim of this book and a brief description of its con tents appear in chapter I. The purpose of this preface is to express our thanks to various people and organizations. Professor Peter Groenewegen of Sydney University and Dr. Michael Krueger of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst have both been extremely helpful in reading the ma terial and proffering many valuable suggestions. We also wish to thank an anonymous referee for Springer Verlag, for his critical reading and comments. Naturally, we take full responsibility for whatever errors and shortcomings remain. OUr thanks go to Haifa University, particularly the mem bers of the Haifa University Computation Center, for their patience and help in the preparation of the manuscript and production of camera copy. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance of various members of staff of the University of New South Wales, and in particular those at the computer facility within the School of Mathematics. Ian Boyd, Sydney, Austral ia John Blatt, Haifa, Israel. Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND BRIEF SUMMARY. . . . . . 1 THE TRADE CYCLE. 7 CHAPTER 11. A BRIEF HISTORICAL SURVEY OF Section A: Why the nineteenth century? • • • • • • • • • 7 Section B: Classification of Cycles. • • •• 10 11 Section C: The Crash of 1873. ••• •• Section D: Asymmetry between Rise and Fall. •• 15 Section E: The Speed of the Crash. 17 · . . . .
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