In 2000, Governor George Ryan of Illinois, a Republican and a supporter of the death penalty, declared a moratorium on executions in his state. In 2003 he commuted the death sentences of all Illinois prisoners on death row. Ryan contended that the application of the death penalty in Illinois had been arbitrary and unfair, and he ignited a new round of debate over the appropriateness of execution. Nationwide surveys indicate that the number of Americans who favor the death penalty is declining. As the struggle over capital punishment rages on, twelve states and the District of Columbia have taken bold measures to eliminate the practice. This landmark study is the first to examine the history and motivations of those jurisdictions that abolished capital punishment and have resisted the move to reinstate death penalty statutes.
This is a selection of essays on moral responsibility that represent the major components of John Martin Fischer's overall approach to freedom of the will and moral responsibility. The collection exhibits the overall structure of Fischer's view and shows how the various elements fit together to form a comprehensive framework for analyzing free will and moral responsibility. The topics include deliberation and practical reasoning, freedom of the will, freedom of action, various notions of control, and moral accountability. The essays seek to provide a foundation for our practices of holding each other (and ourselves) morally and legally accountable for our behavior. A crucial move is the distinction between two kinds of control. According to Fischer, "regulative control" involves freedom to choose and do otherwise ("alternative possibilities"), whereas "guidance control" does not. Fischer contends that guidance control is all the freedom we need to be morally responsible agents. Further, he contends that such control is fully compatible with causal determinism. Additionally, Fischer argues that we do not need genuine access to alternative possibilities in order for there to be a legitimate point to practical reasoning. Fischer's overall framework contains an argument for the contention that guidance control, and not regulative control, is associated with moral responsibility, a sketch of a comprehensive theory of moral responsibility (that ties together responsibility for actions, omissions, consequences, and character), and an account of the value of moral responsibility. On this account, the value of exhibiting freedom (of the relevant sort) and thus being morally responsible for one's behavior is a species of the value of artistic self-expression.
Hugh Dowding may be described as the prime architect of British victory in the battle of Britain, and thus as one of a handful of officers and men most responsible for ensuring that Hitler's planned invasion of England never occurred. Dowding was born in 1882 at the apex of British imperial power and had an early career as a gunner on the fabled North-West Frontier of the British Indian Empire. During the first year of World War I, he served with distinction as a combat pilot in France, but his real test would come in 1936, when he was assigned the critical task of reorganizing the Air Defense of Great Britain as the first air officer commanding-in-chief of the new RAF Fighter Command. In that capacity he stood up to senior staff--and Winston Churchill--by preventing the dismantling of British air defenses during the Battle of France in the spring of 1940, defying pressure from the British Army, Britain's French allies, and His Majesty's Government to send the bulk of the RAF's front-line fighters to the Continent in what Dowding predicted would be a futile effort to stem the German onslaught. While holding back as many of his best fighter aircraft as he could, in June Dowding deployed 11 Group under his hand-picked lieutenant, Air Vice-Marshal Keith Park, to repulse the Luftwaffe over Dunkirk, covering the evacuation of some 338,000 British and French troops from the Continent. During the three months of fighting known as the Battle of Britain, the integrated air defense system organized and trained by Dowding fought the vaunted Luftwaffe to a standstill in daylight air-to-air combat. In October, the Germans abandoned their attempt to win a decisive battle for air superiority over England, turning instead to the protracted campaign of attrition by nighttime area bombing known as the Blitz. In building, defending, and overseeing the operations of Fighter Command, Dowding was thus not only one of the master builders of air power, but also the only airman to have been the winning commander in one of history's decisive battles.
What is — or makes a place — a 'historic battlefield'? From one perspective the answer is simple — it is a place where large numbers of people came together in an organised manner to fight one another at some point in the past. Yet from another perspective it is far more difficult to say. Why any such location is a place of battle rather than any other kind of event, and why it is especially historic, is hard to identify. This book sets out an answer to the question of what a historic battlefield is in the modern imagination, drawing upon examples from prehistory to the 20th century. Treating battles as events in the past and battlefields as places in the present, this book exposes the complexity of the concept of a historic battlefield and how it forms part of a Western understanding of the world. Taking its lead from new developments in battlefield study, especially archaeological approaches, it establishes a means by which these new approaches can contribute to a more radical thinking about war and conflict, especially to Critical Military and Critical Security studies. The book goes beyond the study of battles as separate and unique events to consider what they mean to us and why we need them to have particular characteristics. It will be of interest to archaeologists, historians, and students of modern war in all its forms.
Regional Planning provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts and theory of regional planning in the UK. Drawing on examples from throughout the UK, it provides students and practitioners with a descriptive and analytical foundation for understanding this rapidly changing area of planning. The book includes four main sections covering: the context and history of regional planning theoretical approaches evolving practice future prospects. New questions and methods of theorizing are explored and new connections made with contemporary debates in geography, political science and planning theory. The elements of critical analysis allow both practitioners and more advanced students to reflect upon their activities in a contemporary context. Regional Planning is the essential, up-to-date text for students interested in all aspects of this increasingly influential subject.
At age fifty, when many hope to slow down, and what’s left, as the poet Kobayashi Issa once wrote, is “clear profit,” John Griswold was starting over—-again—-in a position he had worked decades to achieve. His family moved down the Mississippi Valley, expecting to create a good life with new friends. What they found instead was a society “organized tightly by race, church attendance, and family name,” which in its corruption, laissez-faire corporatism, gun love, and environmental degradation foretold the heightened problems of the United States in an era of deepening political division. Taking his cue from classical Asian poets such as Basho, Griswold begins to journey, to gain perspective, and to find his own narrow road. He travels around the rim of the Gulf of Mexico and to writers’ homes in Russia and New Mexico; attends the protests at Standing Rock; walks the Basho Trail in Japan; and reports on the wholesale slaughter of a Texas rattlesnake roundup and the cruel weirdness of the Angola Prison Rodeo. Over eight years, Griswold bears witness, pays homage, and finds he is able to define and speak with gratitude about what is most important to him: his children, wholeheartedness, and the act of trying. In the gap between complexity and a little peace and quiet, there is a way to profit anew.
Integrated Public Lands Management is the only book that deals with the management procedures of all the primary public land management agencies--National Forests, Parks, Wildlife Refuges, and the Bureau of Land Management--in one volume. This book fills the need for a unified treatment of the analytical procedures used by federal land management agencies in planning and managing their diverse lands. The second edition charts the progress these agencies have made toward the management of their lands as ecosystems. It includes new U.S. Forest Service regulations, expanded coverage of Geographic Information Systems, and new legislation on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Wildlife Refuges.
Local government organisation and management in Britain is in the throes of a major transformation brought about by changing economic, social and political circumstances and central government legislation. This book outlines the major pressures for change and analyses and assesses local government's response in terms of role, culture, structure and internal process. Particular attention is paid to the consequences of new decentralised, competitive/regulatory and enabling models of what local authorities should be like in the mid 1990s.
Collects Fantastic Four (1961) #258-268, Alpha Flight (1983) #4 and Thing (1983) #10 - Plus Material from Fantastic Four Special Edition #1, Thing (1983) #7 And Marvel Fanfare (1982) #15. Combining a cosmic scope with a heartfelt, earthbound humanism, John Byrne's run on FANTASTIC FOUR remains a high point in Marvel history. The Marvel Masterworks continues its collection of that epic era, pitting the FF against Terrax the Terrible, former herald of Galactus - now in the thrall of Doctor Doom! Then, Reed Richards finds himself on trial in a Shi'ar courtroom for the crime of rescuing Galactus! The Torch and Thing take on the Mole Man, the Beyonder cometh…and welcome to the FF, She-Hulk! Plus: In one of the FF's most emotional stories, a desperate Reed and Sue place the fate of their unborn child in the hands of Otto Octavius!
John Laffin believed that for too long the image of the German soldier has been distorted by the political crimes and atrocities of the Nazis. It is time that the ordinary German soldier was given his due. Such is the aim of "Jackboot," which traces the background and influences that have shaped the character of the German soldier from the time of Frederick the Great to the end of World War II. "Every German," declares Laffin, "is a born soldier. He breathes war, he is imbued with it, he glorifies it. He has the virus quality of aggression and fortitude in his blood." These and other qualities, such as manliness, courage and an unfailing response to discipline, even his arrogance, are based on a military tradition that owes its origin to Frederick the Great. For he was the man who made Prussia into a strong military nation, who trained and built up a powerful army without equal in Europe. He was also the man Hitler most wanted to be like. The ability of Frederick's army to recover and hit back in the face of tremendous odds is one of the chief qualities inherited by the German army and one which, as at Amiens in 1918 and the Ardennes in 1945, has been demonstrated time and again.
Seelye's version seems even funnier than the original, and also more moving, since Seelye's Huck Finn is even less sentimental about life and Tom Sawyer than Twain's Huck Finn. He is also more perceptive about black people than the original." -- Hughes Rudd, CBS News "Seelye has stitched together a whale of a book. Without reference to Twain's own version, it is almost impossible to see the seams where 1970 joins 1884." -- Geoffrey Wolff, Newsweek
Susan Kalter presents seventeen previously unpublished short stories by John Joseph Mathews and skillfully intertwines literary analysis, author biography, and archival research with his journals and personal correspondence. Mathews is considered one of the founders and shapers of the twentieth-century Native American novel, yet literary history has largely ignored his work. An Osage writer from Oklahoma, Mathews also spent time in Los Angeles and Europe. The stories in this volume were written at the dawn of the nuclear age by an author who exposed the social dynamics of an emerging world order, an author who had also published explicitly about the ways he observed the East Coast establishment suppressing southwestern writers. This work shows us the aesthetics we missed out on as a result. Topics range from adulterous murder to Cherokee removal, from the thrill of the hunt to the cultural impasses between U.S. citizens in Mexico and their hosts, from the modern Middle East to the fantastical future. The stories bear the consciousness of a postwar world--its confusions and regrets, its orthodoxies and hypocrisies--as well as the mark of a practiced and prolific writer. The Short Stories of John Joseph Mathews, an Osage Writer sheds light on the complexity of Native American experiences of the last century and the ripple of these stories today.
In this sequel to his widely-acclaimed book The Experience of Modernism (1997), John Gold continues his detailed enquiry into the Modern Movement's involvement in urban planning and city design. Making extensive use of information gained from hours of in-depth interviews with architects of the time, this new book examines the complex relationship between vision and subsequent practice in the saga of postwar urban reconstruction. The Practice of Modernism: traces the personal, institutional and professional backgrounds of the architects involved in schemes for reconstruction and replanning deals directly with the progress of urban transformation, focusing on the contribution that modern architects and architectural principles made to town centre renewal and social housing highlights how the exuberance of the 1960s gave way to the profound reappraisal that emerged by the early 1970s. Written by an expert, this is a key book on the planning aspects of the modernist movement for architectural historians, urban geographers, planners and all concerned with understanding the recent history of the contemporary city.
The son of a former Premier of Western Australia, Hugo Throssell, volunteered to join the Imperial Australian Force which was shipped to Gallipoli in 1915. He was a member of the 10th Australian Light Horse which fought in a dismounted role in Gallipoli. He was involved in the famous charge of the 10th Light Horse at the Battle of the Nek and the Battle of Hill 60 where his actions saw him being awarded the Victoria Cross.??During that battle Throssell was severely wounded a number of times when the enemy attacked his position, but he refused to leave his post or to seek medical attention until the attack had been beaten off. As soon as his wounds were dressed he went back out into the firing line until he was ordered out of the fighting by the Medical Officer. His determination saved his battalion at a critical moment in the battle.??After the war Hugo Throssell became an outspoken opponent of war, for which he was widely condemned. It also meant that he found employment difficult and he fell into debt. When he tried to pawn his Victoria Cross he was offered only 10 shillings for it _ such was the price of valour. He committed suicide aged forty-nine.??Meticulously researched, and beautifully written, this is a moving tale of heroism and patriotism which ended in sad and disturbing circumstances.
This is a well-researched, detailed and compelling story.' Defender Magazine Billy Sing was a small, dark man – and a deadly killer. When, as a member of the Australian Imperial Force 5th Light Horse, he was thrust onto the narrow strip of land held by the Australians on Gallipoli, he witnessed the terrible effects of the Turkish snipers and decided to fight fire with fire. Using a simple Lee Enfield .303 rifle, Sing began to pick off unwary Turks who exposed themselves. Assisted by a 'spotter' who would single out targets for him, Sing acquired an unrivalled reputation as he killed increasing numbers of enemy soldiers. He became known as the 'Anzac Angel of Death' and the 'Assassin of Gallipoli' and was considered to be the most successful sniper and most feared man in Gallipoli. The Turks, aware of his reputation decided to target the Sing with their own marksman. In a deadly duel, Sing fired first and killed 'Abdul the Terrible'. This a vivid account of the merciless nature of the fighting in the Gallipoli Campaign from an award-winning journalist and best-selling author.
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