Globalization has produced opportunities and challenges that countries and firms respond to with a variety of policies and strategies. Approaches that scholars may find intuitively appealing may be considered inappropriate in some contexts. This book highlights the diversity of challenges, opportunities as well as the policy and strategy options that governments and businesses have considered useful in different operational contexts. It brings together research done by scholars at the International Business Centre, Department of Business and Management at Aalborg University, Denmark, and seeks to provide inspiration for further research into some key international business issues.Issues discussed include the following: A* The role of social capital in the internationalization process of firms. A* Downstream and upstream aspects of internationalization. A* Network organizational perspective on globalized innovation processes. A* Performance assessment in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. A* The human side of national and firm-level competitiveness. A* Country-of-origin effect on brand perception. A* Role of culture international joint venture management. A* Multiculturalism and strategizing in international firms.
Policy makers and scholars consider private enterprise development as one of the most promising avenues of economic growth in Africa. To grow, enterprises must improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their operations, often through internationalisation. It is generally believed that internationalisation enhances the technological and managerial capacities of firms and also helps them to leverage other types of resources not immediately available within their own countries. In recent years, there has been an upsurge of interest in exploring the extent to which African firms are integrated into global business networks, and the benefits, if any, derived from such integrations. The above informed the need for an empirical investigations in Ghana from 2002-2003, the results of which are presented in this book. Based on the experiences in Ghana, contributors to the volume explore the issues of internationalisation in Africa by focusing on firm-level activities and inter-firm relations rather than on macro issues. They draw on dominant theories of internationalisation to explore issues such as sustained competitive advantages of firms, management and business relations in export processing zones, organisational structures, competence and leadership; culture, learning and cross-border inter-firm linkages as well as finance and stock exchange performance in Ghana. Internationalisation and Enterprise Development is a major contribution to the body of knowledge on enterprise development in Africa in general, and Ghana in particular. It is a must-read to all who are interested in Africa's enterprise development including the role played by internationalisation in that process.
This book provides an overview of approaches to internationalization as experienced by smaller manufacturing enterprises over a relatively long period of time — the 35-year period from 1974 to 2009. The original research on which this study is based dates back to the mid-1970s, when academic interest in export studies, market entry modes, and internationalization approaches, among others, have their origins. With practical examples of companies from both inside and outside the USA, readers will be able to understand how smaller manufacturing enterprises approach the world of international commerce, how they prepare themselves for it, and what really draws them into the world of international commerce./a
Private Enterprise-Led Development in Sub-Saharan Africa provides a novel theoretical and conceptual model to guide research into Africa's economic development. It endorses the view that private enterprise-led growth will help reduce poverty since it strengthens individuals' capacity to care for themselves and their families.
One of the major challenges facing Sub-Saharan African organizations today is how to effectively manage their resources. Though the importance of effective management of organizational resources is generally acknowledged, published research on the theme is disappointingly scarce. This book hopes to contribute in filling the lacuna. Contributors to the volume, which is the first in a book series from African Journal of Business and Economic Research (AJBER), a peer-reviewed, triennial publication, discuss various management issues in sub-Saharan Africa such as employee motivation, job satisfaction, compensation, organizational commitment, ethics, social responsibility and export management and the interplay between these and the effective management of an organization's resources. They argue that effective management of organizational resources - whether in the public or private sector - promotes efficiency, which in turn enhances the organization's ability to compete. The contributors also offer valuable insights into why many organizations in sub-Saharan Africa are inefficiently managed and offer desiderata for overcoming such challenges.
Globalization, an inevitable phenomenon in human history, has been bringing the world closer through exchange of goods and services, advancements in information communication technologies (ICTs), global diffusion of technologies, and cultural awareness. Recent developments and trends within the global business arena present managers with challenging situations. Competing in the twenty-first century and beyond requires firms to invest in the increasingly refined managerial skills needed to perform effectively in a multicultural business environment. Global companies are faced with varied and dynamic environments in which they must accurately assess the political, legal, technological, ethical, and cultural factors that shape their strategies and operations. The success of a company's global operation often depends significantly on the manager's cultural skills, as well as the ability to carry out the company's strategy within the context of the host country's business practices. While globalization is a vehicle for, and a consequence of human progress, it is also a confused process that requires change. The change process presents the manager with challenging strategic options. Globalization of Business: Theories and Strategies for Tomorrow's Managers addresses the above challenges. It offers managers and business students strategies on how to become globally competitive in a complex international management environment. Contributors to the volume offer their insights into the issues every global manager needs to understand such as the nature of the global business environment, entry mode choice, global strategic positioning, global human resource management, human rights and ethical issues. The book covers general as well as specific topics, including assumptions, theories, and practices of globalization. It is expected that the book will enable business students, managers and corporate leaders to avoid common drawbacks in their quest to build a successful global firm that will benefit all.
Thesis without Tears - A Guide for African University Students is written for university and college students in Africa who are looking for guidelines for writing a good thesis. It describes some of the most influential methods in social science and speaks directly to students without any prior knowledge of project work. Written in a simple, straight-forward and a highly engaging style, the book takes the reader through the essential features of the thesis work process and guides students in making key decisions that will reduce the anxieties they are likely to experience in their research process. Highlights of the issues discussed include: Characteristics of a well-written thesis Structure of research projects Research design The role of theories in research projects Qualitative and quantitative data collection methods and techniques Mixed research methods It is intended as a supplementary textbook for courses in research methodology for bachelor and master's degree students. About the Author John Kuada is Professor of International Management at Aalborg University, Department of Business and Management, Denmark. He has extensive experience as a business consultant and training advisor in areas of management, marketing and cross-border inter-firm relations in Europe and Africa. He is author and/or editor of some 14 books on management and internationalization of firms and has written over 100 articles in refereed scholarly and professional journals on a wide range of international business issues including international marketing, intercultural management, leadership and strategy. He serves on the editorial review boards of a number of marketing/management journals focusing on business and management in Africa and Asia. He is the founder and editor of African Journal of Economic and Management Studies (published by Emerald).
International Market Analysis: Theories and Methods is an indispensable book for students and executives of international businesses who want to make sense of their global market opportunities. The book gives readers a concise overview of the theoretical foundations of international market analysis and practical guidance on how to generate and disseminate knowledge about existing and new markets in order to support executives' strategic responses to customer needs. The discussions are based on tested concepts and frameworks in combination with the author's own professional insights into global business situations. Highlights of the book include detailed discussions of the relationships between market-orientation and market analysis, concepts and types of international market knowledge, meta-theoretical foundations of international market analysis, an integrative model for international market opportunity identification, as well as specific tools for quantitative and qualitative data collection and analyses.
Private Enterprise-Led Development in Sub-Saharan Africa provides a novel theoretical and conceptual model to guide research into Africa's economic development. It endorses the view that private enterprise-led growth will help reduce poverty since it strengthens individuals' capacity to care for themselves and their families.
This book provides a thorough perspective on the realities of doing business in Ghana, outlining the economic, social, technological, and cultural dimensions of the society. It offers insight for entrepreneurs into the region’s markets based on GDP growth, political and governmental systems, relationships with investors, and other factors. Considered a beacon of hope for Africa, Ghana is a country with a competitive labor force, stable political environment, and lots of economic opportunities for new business ventures. This book will offer academics a good understanding of the major issues affecting business development in Ghana, and inform students, scholars, managers, and leaders on the paths necessary to pursue launching a product or service in Africa.
A guide to adapting and thriving within unfamiliar cultural settings challenges the notion that professional life interacts with culture only at the etiquette level, distinguishing between rule-based and relationship-based cultures while considering the roles of such factors as competition, security, and lifestyle. (Social Science)
Presents an illustrated A-Z reference containing more than 300 entries related to immigration to North America, including people, places, legislation, and more.
A maiden publication of the Centre for Sustainability and Enterprise Development at the University of Ghana Business School, this book on Service Marketing written from a customer relationship management perspective; is an absolute must-read. The book is written for junior, mid-level and senior management personnel across all organisations and business associations in Ghana; and Africa. It is also written for students who aspire to be practising managers one day. The book focuses on important service and customer management themes like the nature of services and their marketing challenges, challenges to the attainment of customer-oriented business cultures in Ghana, the building of business-to-business relationships, development of service marketing strategies; as well as knowing, assessing and managing your customers. This book provides important tips on raising the customer orientation culture of all businesses operating in Ghana. It is highly recommended for a diverse range of professionals in the NGO, banking, ICT, education, engineering, hospitality, manufacturing, health, public administration, public sector, insurance, aviation, microfinance, shipping, postal and courier services; to name a few.Any organisation seeking to improve their bottom-line and overall productivity by using superior service as a differentiating tool must invest in purchasing these books for both their employees and customers. This book is a must read for anyone aiming to becoming a service champion.
Economic growth is one of the most cost-effective ways of dealing with poverty in Africa. Growth lifts many people out of poverty and at the same time generates the government revenues necessary for investments within the social sector. Thus the design and implementation of business development policies remains a major challenge in most African countries. This entails supporting businesses to be integrated within the global economic structure without being easy victims of unscrupulous and opportunistic investors. During the past two decades successive Ghanaian governments have implemented private sector development policies aimed at stimulating growth through internationalisation of local enterprises and attracting foreign investors. Contributors to the volume provide an overview of the impact of these policies on the Ghanaian business environment and the strategic orientations of managers. They also offer an insight into the productivity and performance of exporting firms, the financial and knowledge acquisition strategies they adopt, their degree of market orientation and corporate social responsibility and the challenges faced by African policy makers and managers learning to operate within an increasingly turbulent global economy. The book situates the Ghanaian experience within the broader context of African economic growth and calls for African economic integration as a platform on which African firms can build their competitiveness and operate more effectively within the global economy.
This title provides a comparison of the internationalisation process of family and non-family businesses in Denmark. With practical examples of the decision-making processes and challenges of internationalisation of these companies, readers will be able to understand how both family and non-family firms from smaller countries approach their internationalisation, how they prepare themselves for it, and what really draws them into the world of international business.
Problem and project-based learning (PBL) is a key pedagogical approach to teaching since it helps students become effective real-life problem solvers in organisations. Problem-based learning emphasises co-operative learning. Students actively participate in their learning process as they choose theories, models, and methods that they consider to be necessary to solve the "real-world" problem that they have agreed to address (under the guidance of competent and experienced supervisors).At Aalborg University we have observed that students who have backgrounds in traditional forms of university education find this problem-based pedagogy highly challenging. It is in this context that we see the contribution of John Kuada's book: Research Methodology: A Project Guide to University Students. The book provides a "hand-holding" guide to students that do not have any, or only very little, previous experience with problem-based learning. A major strength of the book is the simplicity and straightforwardness of the language used. This approach is quite inviting and provides students a friendly introduction to relatively complex ideas and methods. The book speaks to students directly and therefore encourages their engagement in the process of learning about how they can justify the various choices they make in their project work process. The book draws on Professor John Kuada's many years as lecturer and supervisor for students in the department of economics and business administration, and I believe that the book will serve as a useful reading for any students who are looking for a step-by-step pathway for their project work.
Editorial Comment Some New Economic and Social Challenges in Africa John Kuada Editor, AJBER Contact email: kuada@business.aau.dk The general premise of the studies is that economic growth strategy is the most cost-effective way of dealing with poverty. This statement is true for two fundamental reasons: first, growth lifts many of the poor out of poverty; second, it generates the government revenues necessary for anti-poverty measures (Fafchamps et al, 2001). Where resources are scarce, every entity and individual is expected to contribute to the development process. It is this collective endeavour that would accelerate the tempo of an African nation's development. Thus, African businesses must be guided by keen awareness of their social responsibilities to all stakeholders in their societies if they are to serve their societies optimally. This is an issue taken up in Dan Ofori's paper with the title: "Business' Corporate Social Responsibility: Theory, Opinion and Evidence from Ghana." The paper explores the extent to which Ghanaian businesses have a socially responsible disposition in their business practices. To do so, he compared the views and actions of local Ghanaian companies in various areas of corporate social responsibility with those of foreign owned companies operating in Ghana. The key findings of the study were that, international firms tend to be guided a lot more by strategic and moral considerations about their social responsibilities than local Ghanaian firms. Granting that the results can be generalised for other local firms in Ghana (and, by extension, local African firms in general) Ofori's study raises important questions with regard to the contributions that these firms make to the attainment of the developmental goals of their nations and policies that could be crafted to guide them to broaden their views on their social responsibilities. It also suggests a need for increased research into this subject not only for purposes of improving academic knowledge, but also to provide useful guidelines for policy and strategy formulation for African nations. Kuada's paper dwells on the difficulties of learning and knowledge transfer from developed country firms to African firms. He identifies three key determinants of knowledge transfer outcomes: (1) cultural sensitivity (2) transfer and learning/absorptive capacity of partners, and (3) the strategic importance and uniqueness of the relationships. Based on empirical evidence drawn from Danish-Ghanaian inter-firm collaborations, the paper argues that the impact of culture on managerial behavior in knowledge receiving organizations can influence the learning capacity of the employees in the organizations. An awareness of this impact by knowledge providers is very helpful in designing the knowledge transfer process. Furthermore, sensitivity to cultural rules of communication is essential in every cross-cultural knowledge transfer process. Together, these papers highlight some of the economic and social challenges that African nations and businesses face. As would be expected, the authors have not provided any "one best" solution to these problems. But they have teased out highly valuable policy and strategy implications from their studies and provide useful guidelines for future research. ____________________________________________ AJBER is a high quality, peer-reviewed international academic journal. ISSN1750-4562(online), ISSN 1750-4554 (print) ISBN: 9781905068630 For details of how to contribute, please contact its editor: John Kuada, Editor African Journal of Economic and Business Research Department of Business Studies Fibigerstraede 2, 9220 Aalborg Oest Denmark Email: kuada@business.aau.dk For subscription enquiries, please contact: Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd P.O. Box 43418 London, UK SE11 4XZ Email: Sales@adonis-abbey.com
International Market Analysis: Theories and Methods is an indispensable book for students and executives of international businesses who want to make sense of their global market opportunities. The book gives readers a concise overview of the theoretical foundations of international market analysis and practical guidance on how to generate and disseminate knowledge about existing and new markets in order to support executives' strategic responses to customer needs. The discussions are based on tested concepts and frameworks in combination with the author's own professional insights into global business situations. Highlights of the book include detailed discussions of the relationships between market-orientation and market analysis, concepts and types of international market knowledge, meta-theoretical foundations of international market analysis, an integrative model for international market opportunity identification, as well as specific tools for quantitative and qualitative data collection and analyses. __________________________________ John Kuada is Professor and Grundfos chair holder in International Marketing and Inter-cultural Management at the Department of Business Studies, Aalborg University, Denmark. He is the coordinator of the university's Master's degree programmes in International Business and International Marketing. He is also the founder and editor of African Journal of Business and Economic Research and serves as a regular reviewer for such international journals as Journal of Macro-marketing, Journal of World Business, and Journal of African Business. In addition to teaching and research he has consulted for businesses and international organisations such as International Finance Corporation (a member of the World Bank Group) and the Danish International Development Agency (Danida).
A maiden publication of the Centre for Sustainability and Enterprise Development at the University of Ghana Business School, this book on Service Marketing written from a customer relationship management perspective; is an absolute must-read. The book is written for junior, mid-level and senior management personnel across all organisations and business associations in Ghana; and Africa. It is also written for students who aspire to be practising managers one day. The book focuses on important service and customer management themes like the nature of services and their marketing challenges, challenges to the attainment of customer-oriented business cultures in Ghana, the building of business-to-business relationships, development of service marketing strategies; as well as knowing, assessing and managing your customers. This book provides important tips on raising the customer orientation culture of all businesses operating in Ghana. It is highly recommended for a diverse range of professionals in the NGO, banking, ICT, education, engineering, hospitality, manufacturing, health, public administration, public sector, insurance, aviation, microfinance, shipping, postal and courier services; to name a few.Any organisation seeking to improve their bottom-line and overall productivity by using superior service as a differentiating tool must invest in purchasing these books for both their employees and customers. This book is a must read for anyone aiming to becoming a service champion.
hesis without Tears - A Guide for African University Students is written for university and college students in Africa who are looking for guidelines for writing a good thesis. It describes some of the most influential methods in social science and speaks directly to students without any prior knowledge of project work.Written in a simple, straight-forward and a highly engaging style, the book takes the reader through the essential features of the thesis work process and guides students in making key decisions that will reduce the anxieties they are likely to experience in their research process. Highlights of the issues discussed include: A* Characteristics of a well-written thesisA* Structure of research projectsA* Research designA* The role of theories in research projectsA* Qualitative and quantitative data collection methods and techniquesA* Mixed research methods It is intended as a supplementary textbook for courses in research methodology for bachelor and master's degree students.
Explore new international economic and business trends and how your firm can benefit from them! Internationalization of Companies from Developing Countries provides marketing and economic researchers and students with both theoretical and empirical insights into the motives, methods, and processes of internationalization of firms in the developing countries of Africa. Full of current facts and data, this informative book explores how government policies shape a country's strategies for global competitiveness. The book also discusses motives of internationalization, approaches to market analysis and market knowledge acquisition, and domestic and foreign interfirm relations. Informative and intelligent, Internationalization of Companies from Developing Countries offers you a unique conceptual framework for analyzing and understanding the internationalization process of successful Ghanaian firms and how these principles can be applied to other businesses in developing countries. This unique book will assist you in keeping current with the dynamics of the international market by supplying you with important guidelines and suggestions. It covers: the limitations of contemporary theories that explain the process of internationalization and export development how companies from a developing country become integrated in the global economy how governments can support the internationalization process three prototype orientations of management decisionmaking: planning orientation, action orientation, and network orientation various ways of entering and developing a foreign market the concepts of relationship and interaction as they pertain to international business, especially the relationships between government institutions and corporations Comprehensive and concise, this valuable book fills a void in the current literature about internationalization in developing countries, especially in Africa. Internationalization of Companies from Developing Countries will help you establish productive business relationships and improve the position of your company and its partners in today's global arena.
There has, in recent years, been an increasing emphasis on the ability of employees to think differently and take chances in business as well as in social and political organizations. Concepts such as "e;value innovation"e;, "e;creative intelligence"e;, "e;creative leadership"e;, "e;creative capability"e;, and "e;disciplined creativity"e; are now invoked in academic literature and policy circles to capture the spirit of this growing need to find novel solutions to pressing problems. Studies have shown that leadership behaviour is a key factor in facilitating the desired individual and collective creative undertaking at all levels of society and within a dynamic global context. The contributions in this volume provide a good summary of the current debate in the field. The book is therefore an essential guide to scholars, students, policy makers as well as expatriates seeking insight into the current debate and/or suggestions on how to improve creativity at individual and collective levels of organizations and societies.
The marketing literature generally assumes that managers and customers always make rational (reasonable and logical) decisions. In real life, however, decision making process is hardly rational and straightforward. Managers and customers normally make decisions "e;in-action"e; - i.e. as they grapple with critical problems on daily basis. As such, they tend to combine experience-based knowledge with intuition and analysis to inform their decisions. Their decision making processes become even more complex when their companies operate within international contexts. It is therefore appropriate to teach students a variety of decision making skills as they prepare themselves to work in international companies. This is the task initiated in this book. It discusses how managers combine both rational and non-rational approaches and tools in their decision making processes, especially in international business contexts.Issues discussed include the following:A* The marketing strategy conceptA* Rational and non-rational approaches to decision makingA* Market-driving and market-driven strategiesA* Internal marketing strategiesA* Relational theories and strategies in marketingA* Organizational buying behaviour and strategiesA* Online advertising decisions and strategiesA* Assessment of export opportunitiesA* Marketing in the emerging economiesA* Societal and ethical considerations in marketing decisions
The overarching economic issue in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) today is to ensure a broad-based growth that lifts millions of Africans out of poverty. African countries are therefore consistently compared with high growth Asian countries such as Malaysia and South Korea which were at similar levels of economic growth as African countries for barely five decades ago. But while the Asian continent now enjoys the accolade of "economic miracle," the African situation is usually described by such adjectives as "disaster" and "tragedy" due to decades of non-growth experienced by nearly all SSA countries (Akyz and Gore 2001). The search for growth sustaining economic policies for Africa is therefore as urgent today as it was half a century ago when the torchlight of de-colonilisation was set ablaze in Ghana. The contributions from these papers suggest that the social dimension of economics requires a greater attention, if we are to find a more sustaining growth strategy for Africa. Several scholars have attributed the remarkable growth in Asian countries to their underlying cultural values and effective use of social capital derived from their networks of social relations. According to these studies the Asian people tend to have a strong sense of collective social obligation - i.e. an obligation to fulfil their individual needs without jeopardising the chances of others to fulfil theirs or the entire community to survive and progress (Biggart and Hamilton 1992; Whitley 1992, 1994).
Economic growth is one of the most cost-effective ways of dealing with poverty in Africa. Growth lifts many people out of poverty and at the same time generates the government revenues necessary for investments within the social sector. Thus the design and implementation of business development policies remains a major challenge in most African countries. This entails supporting businesses to be integrated within the global economic structure without being easy victims of unscrupulous and opportunistic investors. During the past two decades successive Ghanaian governments have implemented private sector development policies aimed at stimulating growth through internationalisation of local enterprises and attracting foreign investors. Contributors to the volume provide an overview of the impact of these policies on the Ghanaian business environment and the strategic orientations of managers. They also offer an insight into the productivity and performance of exporting firms, the financial and knowledge acquisition strategies they adopt, their degree of market orientation and corporate social responsibility and the challenges faced by African policy makers and managers learning to operate within an increasingly turbulent global economy. The book situates the Ghanaian experience within the broader context of African economic growth and calls for African economic integration as a platform on which African firms can build their competitiveness and operate more effectively within the global economy.
This book provides an overview of approaches to internationalization as experienced by smaller manufacturing enterprises over a relatively long period of time — the 35-year period from 1974 to 2009. The original research on which this study is based dates back to the mid-1970s, when academic interest in export studies, market entry modes, and internationalization approaches, among others, have their origins. With practical examples of companies from both inside and outside the USA, readers will be able to understand how smaller manufacturing enterprises approach the world of international commerce, how they prepare themselves for it, and what really draws them into the world of international commerce./a
Globalization has produced opportunities and challenges that countries and firms respond to with a variety of policies and strategies. Approaches that scholars may find intuitively appealing may be considered inappropriate in some contexts. This book highlights the diversity of challenges, opportunities as well as the policy and strategy options that governments and businesses have considered useful in different operational contexts. It brings together research done by scholars at the International Business Centre, Department of Business and Management at Aalborg University, Denmark, and seeks to provide inspiration for further research into some key international business issues.Issues discussed include the following: A* The role of social capital in the internationalization process of firms. A* Downstream and upstream aspects of internationalization. A* Network organizational perspective on globalized innovation processes. A* Performance assessment in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. A* The human side of national and firm-level competitiveness. A* Country-of-origin effect on brand perception. A* Role of culture international joint venture management. A* Multiculturalism and strategizing in international firms.
Policy makers and scholars consider private enterprise development as one of the most promising avenues of economic growth in Africa. To grow, enterprises must improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their operations, often through internationalisation. It is generally believed that internationalisation enhances the technological and managerial capacities of firms and also helps them to leverage other types of resources not immediately available within their own countries. In recent years, there has been an upsurge of interest in exploring the extent to which African firms are integrated into global business networks, and the benefits, if any, derived from such integrations. The above informed the need for an empirical investigations in Ghana from 2002-2003, the results of which are presented in this book. Based on the experiences in Ghana, contributors to the volume explore the issues of internationalisation in Africa by focusing on firm-level activities and inter-firm relations rather than on macro issues. They draw on dominant theories of internationalisation to explore issues such as sustained competitive advantages of firms, management and business relations in export processing zones, organisational structures, competence and leadership; culture, learning and cross-border inter-firm linkages as well as finance and stock exchange performance in Ghana. Internationalisation and Enterprise Development is a major contribution to the body of knowledge on enterprise development in Africa in general, and Ghana in particular. It is a must-read to all who are interested in Africa's enterprise development including the role played by internationalisation in that process.
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