Providing a comprehensive overview of the radiative behavior and properties of materials, the fifth edition of this classic textbook describes the physics of radiative heat transfer, development of relevant analysis methods, and associated mathematical and numerical techniques. Retaining the salient features and fundamental coverage that have made it popular, Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, Fifth Edition has been carefully streamlined to omit superfluous material, yet enhanced to update information with extensive references. Includes four new chapters on Inverse Methods, Electromagnetic Theory, Scattering and Absorption by Particles, and Near-Field Radiative Transfer Keeping pace with significant developments, this book begins by addressing the radiative properties of blackbody and opaque materials, and how they are predicted using electromagnetic theory and obtained through measurements. It discusses radiative exchange in enclosures without any radiating medium between the surfaces—and where heat conduction is included within the boundaries. The book also covers the radiative properties of gases and addresses energy exchange when gases and other materials interact with radiative energy, as occurs in furnaces. To make this challenging subject matter easily understandable for students, the authors have revised and reorganized this textbook to produce a streamlined, practical learning tool that: Applies the common nomenclature adopted by the major heat transfer journals Consolidates past material, reincorporating much of the previous text into appendices Provides an updated, expanded, and alphabetized collection of references, assembling them in one appendix Offers a helpful list of symbols With worked-out examples, chapter-end homework problems, and other useful learning features, such as concluding remarks and historical notes, this new edition continues its tradition of serving both as a comprehensive textbook for those studying and applying radiative transfer, and as a repository of vital literary references for the serious researcher.
The study of immunology encompasses a vast and ever-growing body of information that in some way or other incorporates most areas of medical biological research. As the body of information in the medical sciences continues to increase its rate of expansion, one of the greatest challenges to investigators will be to integrate this information in a manner that is intellectually fruitful and productive. Considering the intended scope of this text, we could not pretend to have gone too far toward achieving such an integration--and considering the pace of change, in its very best form a measured approximation of such lofty goals might be the most we could hope for. Nevertheless, in these pages we have sought to produce a collection of information that is at once concise and up-to-date regarding areas where important developments are impacting on the way we understand the vertebrate immune system. In addition, although the information is geared toward advanced study, we have discussed some basic elements and concepts that we hope make the text a useful resource for both the immunologist and the nonspecialist. The intention is to provide the researcher, clinician, or advanced undergraduate student with a brief ov- view of specific components of the immune system, and to provide a place from which to begin further detailed study if necessary. To this end, we made every effort to supply extensive referencing--although limitations in space prevented exhaustive or complete referencing in some cases.
A fresh look at the numbers of daily living, particularly in light of current economic troubles, where modern economic practices, mathematical concepts, and everyday moral dilemmas are discussed.
Basin Analysis is an advanced undergraduate and postgraduate text aimed at understanding sedimentary basins as geodynamic entities. The rationale of the book is that knowledge of the basic principles of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the lithosphere, the dynamics of the mantle, and the functioning of sediment routing systems provides a sound background for studying sedimentary basins, and is a pre-requisite for the exploitation of resources contained in their sedimentary rocks. The third edition incorporates new developments in the burgeoning field of basin analysis while retaining the successful structure and overall philosophy of the first two editions. The text is divided into 4 parts that establish the geodynamical environment for sedimentary basins and the physical state of the lithosphere, followed by a coverage of the mechanics of basin formation, an integrated analysis of the controls on the basin-fill and its burial and thermal history, and concludes with an application of basin analysis principles in petroleum play assessment, including a discussion of unconventional hydrocarbon plays. The text is richly supplemented by Appendices providing mathematical derivations of a wide range of processes affecting the formation of basins and their sedimentary fills. Many of these Appendices include practical exercises that give the reader hands-on experience of quantitative solutions to important basin analysis processes. Now in full colour and a larger format, this third edition is a comprehensive update and expansion of the previous editions, and represents a rigorous yet accessible guide to problem solving in this most integrative of geoscientific disciplines. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/allen/basinanalysis.
Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson laid the foundations for today's political debates between Democrats and Republicans. Hamilton believed that freedom must be married with a strong central government and especially an energetic president, while Jefferson believed freedom derived from local civic virtues. Throughout history, Democrats and Republicans have chosen sides in this eternal debate—and sometimes even changed sides. Today, those debates have become sharper and more polarized, as the two parties square off on major issues such as healthcare, taxes, regulation, the role of the federal government, and what discretion should be given to local authorities. The debate can be loud and shrill, even as the public yearns for some accommodation between these two schools of thought. People may generally desire an active government to deal with acute problems, but localism still has widespread appeal, and political dysfunction often results when these outcomes are presented as polar opposites and elections are reduced to zero sum contests. Social media adds to the polarization, as Americans gravitate to websites that often ratify their preexisting points of view. The parties struggle to function in this environment as they try to adapt to the political realities of the social media age and the Trump era.
Challenging the accepted notions about prisons, Dilulio argues that, far from being traps for society's refuse, they must and can be made safely humane. He shows that the key to better prisons is a highly disciplined constitutional government employing prison managers who are strong enough to control the inmates yet obliged to control themselves. The book illustrates how the use of such a governing system can provide order, encourage civilized behaviour, and enforce punishment that is just, as well as merciful.
What an intensely divisive election portends for American politics The year 2020 was a tumultuous time in American politics. It brought a global pandemic, protests for racial justice, and a razor-thin presidential election outcome. It culminated in an attack on the U.S. Capitol that attempted to deny Joe Biden’s victory. The Bitter End explores the long-term trends and short-term shocks that shaped this dramatic year and what these changes could mean for the future. John Sides, Chris Tausanovitch, and Lynn Vavreck demonstrate that Trump’s presidency intensified the partisan politics of the previous decades and the identity politics of the 2016 election. Presidential elections have become calcified, with less chance of big swings in either party’s favor. Republicans remained loyal to Trump and kept the election close, despite Trump’s many scandals, a recession, and the pandemic. But in a narrowly divided electorate even small changes can have big consequences. The pandemic was a case in point: when Trump pushed to reopen the country even as infections mounted, support for Biden increased. The authors explain that, paradoxically, even as Biden’s win came at a time of heightened party loyalty, there remained room for shifts that shaped the election’s outcome. Ultimately, the events of 2020 showed that instead of the country coming together to face national challenges—the pandemic, George Floyd’s murder, and the Capitol riot—these challenges only reinforced divisions. Expertly chronicling the tensions of an election that came to an explosive finish, The Bitter End presents a detailed account of a year of crises and the dangerous direction in which the country is headed.
Identifying a beautiful image in nature is easy, but capturing it is often challenging. To truly seize the essence of a photograph shot out of the studio and in the world requires an artistic eye and impeccable set of photographic techniques. John and Barbara Gerlach have been teaching photographers how to master the craft of photographing nature and the outdoors through their workshops and best-selling books for more than twenty years. Now, equipped with brand new images to share and skills to teach, this celebrated photo team is sharing their latest lessons in the second edition of Digital Nature Photography. Notable revisions in this new edition include introducing the concepts of focus stacking and HDR, as well as expanded discussions of multiple exposure, wireless flash, RGB histograms, live view, shutter priority with auto ISO, hand-held shooting techniques, and the author’s equipment selections. The inspiring imagery in this book covers a broader range of subjects than before including ghost towns, the night sky, animals, and sports, in addition to the classic nature photographs we expect from this very talented author team. This book is a comprehensive guide to one of the broadest subjects in photography, explained and dymystified by two respected masters.
In the observational study of social systems, the major conceptual innovation of the last century was General Systems Theory. Yet the General Systems Theory conceptions of interacting social systems were doomed to remain at the prescientific level of metaphor until a set of statistical techniques were developed and applied.
This book gives a comprehensive overview of lighting equipment and techniques for digital production. Suitable for either beginners or more advanced users, the fully updated fourth edition covers human sight vs. film or video, the basic issues of contrast and exposure, with explanation of how exposure of digital video differs from analog video or film, electrical connectors, requirements, electrical load management, safety issues, and the latest LED systems. A variety of basic lighting setups for different situations are explained, with clear diagrams and photos showing the "look" of each approach. Techniques for shooting in available light and dealing with color problems in mixed lighting situations is examined. More advanced film-style lighting is covered, especially techniques in creating a convincing realistic look. A special section deals with solutions to common problems, ranging from reflections on glasses and dealing with white walls, to lighting very light-skinned and very dark-skinned subjects in the same shot. Special lighting situations, such as lighting night scenes or bluescreen sets, are covered in detail, with studio lighting covered in a dedicated separate chapter. The book is also peppered with anecdotes and trivia about lighting techniques and the lighting trade. It is the ideal text for both beginners studying lighting and cinematography, as well as more advanced practitioners.
Improvement in healthcare has not delivered on its promise, outside of a few examples. This is because it has not sufficiently been linked to resources - thus argues this book. Value improvement focuses on changes which raise quality and lower costs. This is effective because it unites professions, patients, payers and purchasers in a common cause and uses tested solutions and methods. Value improvement works with the realities of resources and politics, and with knowledge of what is effective in different situations. The purpose of healthcare is to reduce avoidable suffering. This includes the suffering unknowingly caused by a service, when we do not use an effective treatment or make an error. These events are also waste, and they have a financial cost. The good news is that we now have more knowledge about these adverse or subA-optimal events, and about effective solutions. We now know these organisational events are not inevitable and we can prevent them. We are also beginning to discover that many, if prevented, will reduce the costs of healthcare. Improving diagnosis and prescribing reduces both avoidable sufferA- ing and higher costs, as do hygiene strategies and changes to ensure professionals pass on correct information about patients to the next caregiver. We are entering an exciting time in healthcare, equivalent to earA- lier periods of medical discoveries. The discoveries of improvement and implementation science in organisations are now being linked to the discoveries about the costs and savings of quality and safety changes. This knowledge is beginning to be used by clinicians, manA-agement and purchasers, and alliances are forming to bring in a new era of quality and safety improvement. The aim of this book is to show how ordinary leaders can comA-bine improvement knowledge with resource knowledge to reduce suffering and the costs of healthcare. It does not assume good inforA-mation technology or special resources to help improvement. It recA-ognises that our colleagues may not want to spend time on this work, and often do not do what they are asked to do. It recognises some improvements are not value improvements: they do not add value for patients and reduce costs. Where improvements do both, we may find that the financing system penalises the provider for making the change, or we cannot covert the saved resources into lower costs or higher income. Thus, it is also about both short A-term and long A-term value improvements. It is about how managers and other leaders find and awaken energy in themselves to make improvement, and bring this energy to life in the people they work with. How we channel this energy in effective ways and enable others to make improvement. It is about tomorrow, and next week and about where the real innovation, creativity and inspiration happens: in the routine but changing, short A-staffed, semiA- chaos of most health services. We are not powerless and can choose not to accept failings of the health system as being outside of our influence. A few others have shown what can be achieved when we join in a common cause and use these effective methods. The challenge is for us is to do this in our local service and to connect our services.
The South Carolina 19th Infantry Regiment was organized during the winter of 1861-1862. It, along with the 18th was created as the last of the units formed in 1861 and did not participate in the early deployment. The 19th was involved the reorganization of the troops in the spring of 1862. They then moved to Mississippi, then to Kentucky where it saw action at Munfordsville. The 19th served with the Army of Tennessee from Murfreesboro to Atlanta, fought with Hood in Tennessee, and was active in the South Carolina Campaign and the North Carolina operations. The regiment lost 8 killed and 72 wounded at Murfreesboro, and the 10th/19th sustained 236 casualties at Chickamauga and totaled 436 men and 293 arms in December, 1863. During the Atlanta Campaign, July 22-28, the 19th reported 12 killed, 60 wounded, and 25 missing, and there were 9 killed, 34 wounded, and 8 missing at Ezra Church. It surrendered on April 26, 1865, with 76 men.
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