Doing Optimality Theory brings together examples and practical, detailed advice for undergraduates and graduate students working in linguistics. Given that the basic premises of Optimality Theory are markedly different from other linguistic theories, this book presents the analytic techniques and new ways of thinking and theorizing that are required. Explains how to do analysis and research using Optimality Theory (OT) - a branch of phonology that has revolutionized the field since its conception in 1993 Offers practical, in-depth advice for students and researchers in the field, presented in an engaging way Features numerous examples, questions, and exercises throughout, all helping to illustrate the theory and summarize the core concepts of OT Written by John J. McCarthy, one of the theory’s leading proponents and an instrumental figure in the dissemination and use of OT today An ideal guide through the intricacies of linguistic analysis and research for beginning researchers, and, by example, one which will lead the way to future developments in the field.
A critical inquiry into the value and experience of participation in design research. In Taking [A]part, John McCarthy and Peter Wright consider a series of boundary-pushing research projects in human-computer interaction (HCI) in which the design of digital technology is used to inquire into participative experience. McCarthy and Wright view all of these projects—which range from the public and performative to the private and interpersonal—through the critical lens of participation. Taking participation, in all its variety, as the generative and critical concept allows them to examine the projects as a part of a coherent, responsive movement, allied with other emerging movements in DIY culture and participatory art. Their investigation leads them to rethink such traditional HCI categories as designer and user, maker and developer, researcher and participant, characterizing these relationships instead as mutually responsive and dialogical. McCarthy and Wright explore four genres of participation—understanding the other, building relationships, belonging in community, and participating in publics—and they examine participatory projects that exemplify each genre. These include the Humanaquarium, a participatory musical performance; the Personhood project, in which a researcher and a couple explored the experience of living with dementia; the Prayer Companion project, which developed a technology to inform the prayer life of cloistered nuns; and the development of social media to support participatory publics in settings that range from reality game show fans to on-line deliberative democracies.
First published in 1985. Two basic issues figure in this study. The first concerns the representation of syllabic and accentual structure, and the effects of those structures on the formulation of phonological rules. In the second section of this title, a solution to the traditional problem of the root and pattern morphological system of Semitic is proposed and illustrated by an extensive treatment of Classical Arabic. This title will be of particular interest to students of linguistics.
This work provides a theoretical basis for the thesis that intelligence is fundamentally a problem of representing -- making sense of experience and representations of it. The theory has its basis in Peirce and Einstein. It is contended that a comprehensive theory of semiotic abilities is critical to educational and psychological testing and measurement theory.
Optimality Theory in Phonology: A Reader is a collection of readings on this important new theory by leading figures in the field, including a lengthy excerpt from Prince and Smolensky’s never-before-published Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Compiles the most important readings about Optimality Theory in phonology from some of the most prominent researchers in the field. Contains 33 excerpts spanning a range of topics in phonology and including many never-before-published papers. Includes a lengthy excerpt from Prince and Smolensky’s foundational 1993 manuscript Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Includes introductory notes and study/research questions for each chapter.
One of the most notable agencies of the New Deal era, the Tennessee Valley Authority was created with a warrant to plan for the socioeconomic improvement of "forgotten" Americans. The construction of the Norris Dam, it was thought, would benefit the region socially as well as economically. This book analyzes and assesses TVA's social experiment in modernization at the grassroots level, using population removal in the Norris Basin as a test case.
Lippincott's Primary Care Musculoskeletal Radiology, part of the Primary Care Series, helps family practitioners, internists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants identify and diagnose patient injuries based on the radiologic findings that are most seen in the office setting. The book emphasizes what tests to order when and shows side by side images of what is normal and what is abnormal. Each chapter follows a consistent format: Clinical Presentation, Mechanism of Injury, Patient Assessment, What to Order, Not to Be Missed, Radiographic Evaluation, Treatment, and When to Refer. An anatomical wall chart for the office is also included. A companion website includes fully searchable text, an image bank, and patient education handouts.
A new ‘Multi-Coloured Manual' This book is a successor to and replacement for the highly respected manual and handbook on the benefits of flood and coastal risk management, produced by the Flood Hazard Research Centre at Middlesex University, UK, with support from Defra and the Environment Agency. It builds upon a previous book known as the "multi-coloured manual" (2005), which itself was a synthesis of the blue (1977), red (1987) and yellow manuals (1992). As such it expands and updates this work, to provide a manual of assessment techniques of flood risk management benefits, indirect benefits, and coastal erosion risk management benefits. It has three key aims. First it provides methods and data which can be used for the practical assessment of schemes and policies. Secondly it describes new research to update the data and improve techniques. Thirdly it explains the limitations and complications of Benefit-Cost Analysis, to guide decision-making on investment in river and coastal risk management schemes.
This 2001 book examines the motivation for electron scattering and develops the theoretical analysis of the process. It discusses our understanding of the underlying structure of nuclei and nucleons, and summarizes experimental electron scattering capabilities. This title has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.
Operative Techniques in Pediatric Orthopaedics contains the chapters on pediatric surgery from Sam W. Wiesel's Operative Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery and provides full-color, step-by-step explanations of all operative procedures. Written by experts from leading institutions around the world, this superbly illustrated volume focuses on mastery of operative techniques and also provides a thorough understanding of how to select the best procedure, how to avoid complications, and what outcomes to expect. The user-friendly format is ideal for quick preoperative review of the steps of a procedure. Each procedure is broken down step by step, with full-color intraoperative photographs and drawings that demonstrate how to perform each technique. Extensive use of bulleted points and tables allows quick and easy reference. Each clinical problem is discussed in the same format: definition, anatomy, physical exams, pathogenesis, natural history, physical findings, imaging and diagnostic studies, differential diagnosis, non-operative management, surgical management, pearls and pitfalls, postoperative care, outcomes, and complications. To ensure that the material fully meets residents' needs, the text was reviewed by a Residency Advisory Board.
A practical new book for scientists, engineers, project leaders, and others working in the technical fields. The book adds depth, "how-to", and success to your creative thinking and problem solving. This book will allow you to sharpen your creative edge, giving you better problem solving skills. Whether you are a scientist working on breakthrough research, an engineer on the forefront of product development, or a project manager forging teams to reach and exceed goals, this new book gives you the fundamentals and advanced techniques of creative thinking to break new ground and reach higher levels of excellence.
Imaging Neuroinflammation provides an overview of the molecular and cellular basis of inflammation and its effects on neuroanatomy, reviews state-of-the-art imaging tools available to measure neuroinflammation, and describes the application of those tools to both preclinical animal disease models and human disease.This book is an authoritative reference on imaging neuroinflammation, MRI, neuroinflammation, MR Spectroscopy of inflammation, Iron imaging in inflammation, and more. Explains how inflammation in the central nervous system impacts tissue microstructure Presents imaging methods that are useful for assessing neuroinflammation Describes preclinical models of neuroinflammation Reviews the role of neuroinflammation in human injury and disease states
Volume 3 of the official history of Australian peacekeeping, humanitarian and post-cold war operations explores Australia's involvement in six overseas missions following the end of the Gulf War: Cambodia (1991–99); Western Sahara (1991–94); the former Yugoslavia (1992–2004); Iraq (1991); Maritime Interception Force operations (1991–99); and the contribution to the inspection of weapons of mass destruction facilities in Iraq (1991–99). These missions reflected the increasing complexity of peacekeeping, as it overlapped with enforcement of sanctions, weapons inspections, humanitarian aid, election monitoring and peace enforcement. Granted full access to all relevant Australian Government records, David Horner and John Connor provide readers with a comprehensive and authoritative account of Australia's peacekeeping operations in Asia, Africa and Europe.
Challenging the accepted notions about prisons, Dilulio argues that, far from being traps for society's refuse, they must and can be made safely humane. He shows that the key to better prisons is a highly disciplined constitutional government employing prison managers who are strong enough to control the inmates yet obliged to control themselves. The book illustrates how the use of such a governing system can provide order, encourage civilized behaviour, and enforce punishment that is just, as well as merciful.
With contributions from experts in orthopaedic surgery, the latest edition of this comprehensive resource presents up-to-date technical procedures for treating a wide range of fractures in children and adolescents. Content and chapters are easier to read than ever before. How? All clinical sections follow a templatized format—as in previous editions—and now you’ll find even more treatment algorithms, checklists, charts, and tables, helping you quickly identify and apply critical information in a care situation.
Derived from Sam W. Wiesel’s four-volume Operative Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery, this single-volume resource contains the user-friendly, step-by-step information you need to confidently perform the full range of operative techniques in pediatric orthopaedic surgery. In one convenient place, you’ll find the entire Pediatrics section, as well as relevant chapters from the Adult Reconstruction; Hand, Wrist, and Forearm; Pelvis and Lower Extremity Trauma; Shoulder and Elbow; Spine; and Sports Medicine sections of Operative Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery. Superb full-color illustrations and step-by-step explanations help you master surgical techniques, select the best procedure, avoid complications, and anticipate outcomes. Written by global experts from leading institutions, Operative Techniques in Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, 2nd Edition, provides authoritative, easy-to-follow guidance to both the novice trainee or experienced surgeon.
John Funge introduces a new approach to creating autonomous characters. Cognitive modeling provides computer-animated characters with logic, reasoning, and planning skills. Individual chapters in the book provide concrete examples of advanced character animation, automated cinematography, and a real-time computer game. Source code, animations, imag
The manual describes LISP, a formal mathematical language. LISP differs from most programming languages in three important ways. The first way is in the nature of the data. The LISP language is designed primarily for symbolic data processing used for symbolic calculations in differential and integral calculus, electrical circuit theory, mathematical logic, game playing, and other fields of artificial intelligence. The manual describes LISP, a formal mathematical language. LISP differs from most programming languages in three important ways. The first way is in the nature of the data. In the LISP language, all data are in the form of symbolic expressions usually referred to as S-expressions, of indefinite length, and which have a branching tree-type of structure, so that significant subexpressions can be readily isolated. In the LISP system, the bulk of the available memory is used for storing S-expressions in the form of list structures. The second distinction is that the LISP language is the source language itself which specifies in what way the S-expressions are to be processed. Third, LISP can interpret and execute programs written in the form of S-expressions. Thus, like machine language, and unlike most other high level languages, it can be used to generate programs for further executions.
This is the first book to concentrate on dysphagia in rare conditions those that occur infrequently or those that may occur more frequently but are only sometimes associated with dysphagia. Covering a wide range of conditions from progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), through connective tissue disease, to conditions as diverse as West Nile virus the editors and expert contributors efficiently synthesize the available information to provide the essentials needed to help clinicians to perform sophisticated assessments, based on their knowledge of both the conditions and the expected swallowing signs and treatments. Each entry covers the neurology of the given condition, including the signs and symptoms, neuropathology, epidemiology and genetics. Thereafter, coverage of swallowing in each condition examines the diagnostic signs and symptoms, etiology, swallowing neuropathology, associated cognitive, linguistic, and communicative signs and symptoms, special diagnostic considerations, treatment, nutrition, hydration, and medications.
This book analyzes the political, legal, and economic dynamics shaping environmental outcomes across two districts in Aceh, one of the richest and most expansive areas of tropical rainforest in Southeast Asia. Its central theme is that the present cycle of ecological decline can best be understood in terms of the way political, economic and social forces operate at the district level.
This book is a practical guide to the diagnosis of spine-related disorders. Covering both adult and paediatric conditions, each chapter presents a systematic approach to common and more complex problems, including associated complaints such as headaches, bowel and bladder incontinence and retention, and groin pain. Typical case presentations and initial work up are provided for each condition, followed by differential diagnosis and treatment options. Authored by internationally recognised experts from the USA, this comprehensive text is enhanced by clinical images, diagrams and tables to assist understanding. Key Points Practical guide to diagnosis of spine-related disorders Covers adult and paediatric conditions Each topic includes typical case presentations and initial work up Authored by internationally recognised experts in the field
In its fully revised and updated second edition, Musculoskeletal Imaging covers every aspect of musculoskeletal radiology. This medical reference book incorporates the latest diagnostic modalities and interventional techniques, as well as must-read topics such as hip, groin and cartilage imaging; newly described impingements; and new concepts in the hip including teres ligament pathology. This publication is a key title in the popular Expert Radiology Series, which delivers evidence-based expert guidance from around the globe. Fully understand each topic with a format that delivers essential background information. Streamline the decision-making process with integrated protocols, classic signs, and ACR guidelines, as well as a design that structures every chapter consistently to include pathophysiology, imaging techniques, imaging findings, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. Write the most comprehensive reports possible with help from boxes highlighting what the referring physician needs to know, as well as suggestions for treatment and future imaging studies. Access in-depth case studies, valuable appendices, and additional chapters covering all of the most important musculoskeletal procedures performed today. Quickly locate important information with a full-color design that includes color-coded tables and bulleted lists highlighting key concepts, as well as color artwork that lets you easily find critical anatomic views of diseases and injuries. Engage with more than 40 brand-new videos, including arthroscopic videos. Easily comprehend complicated topics with over 5,000 images and new animations. Explore integrated clinical perspectives on the newest modalities such as PET-CT in cancer, diffusion MR, as well as ultrasonography, fusion imaging, multi-slice CT and nuclear medicine. Learn from team of international experts provides a variety of evidence-based guidance, including the pros and cons of each modality, to help you overcome difficult challenges. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader.
Vascular Protection explores advances in vascular biology and how they translate into innovations in drug therapy for vascular disease. It addresses recent advances in the knowledge of endothelial vasoactive factors and other biologically active molecules as well as gene therapy. Written by leading experts in their respective fields, each chapter e
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