Language scholars have traditionally agreed that the development of the English language was largely unplanned. John H. Fisher challenges this view, demonstrating that the standardization of writing and pronunciation was, and still is, made under the control of political and intellectual forces. In these essays Fisher chronicles his gradual realization that Standard English was not a popular evolution at all but was the direct result of political decisions made by the Lancastrian administrations of Henry IV and Henry V. To achieve standardization and acceptance of the vernacular, these kings turned to their Chancery scribes, who were responsible for writing and copying legal and royal documents. Chaucer, a relative of the king, began to be labeled by the government as a master of the language, and it was Henry V who inspired the fifteenth-century tradition of citing Chaucer as the "maker" of English. An even more important link between language development and government practice is the fact that Chaucer himself composed in the English of the Chancery scribes. Fisher discusses the development of Chancery practices, royal involvement in promoting use of the vernacular, Chaucer's use of English, Caxton's use of Chancery Standard, and the nineteenth-century phenomenon of a standard, or "received," pronunciation of English. This engaging and clearly written work will change the way scholars understand the development of English and think about the intentional shaping of our language.
Seventeen peer-reviewed papers feature the latest research on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) as used for joint replacements. Topics cove quantifying clinical response; short-term retrievals; safety of crosslinked PE in knees; mechanical properties; and in-vitro testing.
Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging is a comprehensive volume that focuses on the newest fields of MRI from functional and metabolic mapping to the latest applications of neuro-interventional techniques. Each chapter offers critical discussions regarding available methods and the most recent advances in neuroimaging, including such topics as the use of diffusion and perfusion MRI in the early detection of stroke, the revolutionary advent of high-speed MRI for non-invasively mapping cortical responses to task activation paradigms, and the principles and applications of contrast agents. The chapters also discuss how these new advances are applied to problems in patients ranging in age from the newborn to the elderly, as well as disease states ranging from metabolic encephalopathy to cardiovascular disorders and stroke. Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging will be a valuable text/reference for residents, research fellows, and clinicians in radiology, neuroradiology, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Treaties with Native American groups in the Pacific Northwest have had profound and long-lasting implications for land ownership, resource access, and political rights in both the United States and Canada. In The Power of Promises, a distinguished group of scholars, representing many disciplines, discuss the treaties' legacies. In North America, where treaties have been employed hundreds of times to define relations between indigenous and colonial societies, many such pacts have continuing legal force, and many have been the focus of recent, high-stakes legal contests. The Power of Promises shows that Indian treaties have implications for important aspects of human history and contemporary existence, including struggles for political and cultural power, law's effect on people's self-conceptions, the functions of stories about the past, and the process of defining national and ethnic identities.
This book comprises a number of essays on travel-narratives which are somewhat unknown to the general reader. They include writing by people who travelled from the East to the West, as well as those going the usual way. The travellers include a seventeenth-century accountant, a Persian shah, an Indian rajah and a Hawaiian king, as well as an Irish doctor, an American journalist and a Japanese poet. The book presents these travellers in an informal manner, although there are discussions about identity, “otherness” and stereotyping as they are displayed in the narratives. The book will appeal to students and academics, as well as the general reader.
Tolkien's Lost Chaucer uncovers the story of an unpublished and previously unknown book by the author of The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien worked between 1922 and 1928 on his Clarendon edition Selections from Chaucer's Poetry and Prose, and though never completed, its 160 pages of commentary reveals much of his thinking about language and storytelling when he was still at the threshold of his career as an epoch-making writer of fantasy literature. Drawing upon other new materials such as his edition of the Reeve's Tale and his Oxford lectures on the Pardoner's Tale, this book reveals Chaucer as a major influence upon Tolkien's literary imagination.
Child abuse and neglect are tragically common. Each year, more than 1,000 American children die due to maltreatment. Thousands more suffer physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Across the country, every community has a system of government-operated and funded child protective services (CPS). But given that social workers of CPS have the authority to remove children from unsafe parents, it is no surprise that CPS is controversial. Does CPS protect children? Does CPS do more good than harm? Is CPS fundamentally racist, as some critics argue? Should CPS be abolished? To answer these questions, it is essential to understand the origins of child protection in America. How did we arrive at the child protection system in place today? This book traces the history of child protection from colonial times to the present and provides the most in-depth analysis ever published of the origins of child protection.
Now in its updated Seventh Edition, Lovell and Winter’s Pediatric Orthopaedics remains a must-have for physicians and residents treating infants, children, and adolescents with orthopaedic problems. This classic, comprehensive reference covers the basic science, clinical manifestations, and management of orthopaedic problems in children. Now in full color, the foremost orthopaedists examine normal musculoskeletal development and the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of the entire range of abnormalities, with emphasis on evidence-based decision making in treatment selection. The clinical chapters include pearls and pitfalls and a description of the author's preferred approach. The book will now cover surgical techniques of management with step-by-step illustrations from the Atlas of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery.
How to Find Out in Mathematics: A Guide to Sources of Information, Second Revised Edition presents updated topics about probability and statistics, dictionaries and encyclopedias, computing, and mathematical education. The book discusses the modifications of the content of professional actuarial examinations; the assimilation of modern mathematics into the school curriculum; and the establishment of government departments to administer financial support for mathematical research. The text also describes the efforts to improve communication between mathematicians (i.e. the inception of the Mathematical Offprint Service and the publication of Contents of Contemporary Mathematical Journals by the American Mathematical Society). People who are studying, teaching, or applying mathematics will find the book helpful.
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