John Gieryn's Books

Darwinism, Democracy, and Race

American Anthropology and Evolutionary Biology in the Twentieth Century

By: John P Jackson,David J. Depew

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Darwinism, Democracy, and Race

American Anthropology and Evolutionary Biology in the Twentieth Century

By: John P Jackson,David J. Depew

Darwinism, Democracy, and Race examines the development and defence of an argument that arose at the boundary between anthropology and evolutionary biology in twentieth-century America. In its fully articulated form, this argument simultaneously discredited scientific racism and defended free human agency in Darwinian terms. The volume is timely because it gives readers a key to assessing contemporary debates about the biology of race. By working across disciplinary lines, the book’s focal figures--the anthropologist Franz Boas, the cultural anthropologist Alfred Kroeber, the geneticist Theodosius Dobzhansky, and the physical anthropologist Sherwood Washburn--found increasingly persuasive ways of cutting between genetic determinist and social constructionist views of race by grounding Boas’s racially egalitarian, culturally relativistic, and democratically pluralistic ethic in a distinctive version of the genetic theory of natural selection. Collaborators in making and defending this argument included Ashley Montagu, Stephen Jay Gould, and Richard Lewontin. Darwinism, Democracy, and Race will appeal to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and academics interested in subjects including Philosophy, Critical Race Theory, Sociology of Race, History of Biology and Anthropology, and Rhetoric of Science.

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434

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Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1351810774

ISBN 13

9781351810777

Morals Not Knowledge

Recasting the Contemporary U.S. Conflict Between Religion and Science

By: John H. Evans

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Morals Not Knowledge

Recasting the Contemporary U.S. Conflict Between Religion and Science

By: John H. Evans

Academics have long claimed that the relationship between religion and science concerns knowledge of the physical world, and that conflict ensues because religion has one way of knowing and science another. For example, it is claimed that to find the age of the Earth religious people look to holy scripture and scientists look at the age of rocks. This book shows that this is indeed true among the elites who focus on this debate. However, contrary to the assumptions of elites and public discourse in general, that same relationship and conflict does not exist between religious citizens and science. This book shows that regular religious people in the U.S. are at most in conflict over a few fact claims with science, and that this limited conflict does not lead to conflict with scientific claims writ large. More importantly, American religion has changed since the 1960s, de-emphasizing knowledge claims about the physical world, and becoming more focused on social relationships and thus morality. This book shows that any religion and science debate in the public is not about scientific claims about nature, such as the age of the Earth, but rather about morality - and opposition to the morality implicitly promoted by scientists"--Provided by publisher.

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238

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Univ of California Press

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ISBN 10

0520297431

ISBN 13

9780520297432

Science for Segregation

Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education

By: John P. Jackson, Jr.

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Science for Segregation

Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education

By: John P. Jackson, Jr.

In this fascinating examination of the intriguing but understudied period following the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision, John Jackson examines the scientific case aimed at dismantling the legislation. Offering a trenchant assessment of the so-called scientific evidence, Jackson focuses on the 1959 formation of the International Society for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics (IAAEE), whose expressed function was to objectively investigate racial differences and publicize their findings. Notable figures included Carleton Putnam, Wesley Critz George, and Carleton Coon. In an attempt to link race, eugenics and intelligence, they launched legal challenges to the Brown ruling, each chronicled here, that went to trial but ultimately failed. The history Jackson presents speaks volumes about the legacy of racism, as we can see similar arguments alive and well today in such books as The Bell Curve and in other debates on race, science, and intelligence. With meticulous research and a nuanced understanding of the complexities of race and law, Jackson tells a disturbing tale about race in America.

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304

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NYU Press

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ISBN 10

081474382X

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9780814743829

Science, Politics And The Pharmaceutical Industry

Controversy And Bias In Drug Regulation

By: John Abraham,0 John Abraham University of Reading.,

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Science, Politics And The Pharmaceutical Industry

Controversy And Bias In Drug Regulation

By: John Abraham,0 John Abraham University of Reading.,

Drug disasters from Thalidomide to Opren, and other less dramatic cases of drug injury, raise questions about whether the testing and control of medicines provides satisfactory protection for the public. In this revealing study, John Abrahan develops a theoretically challenging realist approach, in order to probe deeply into the work of scientists in the pharmaceutical industry and governmental drug regulatory authorities on both sides of the Atlantic. Through the examination of contemporary controversial case studies, he exposes how the commercial interest of drug manufacturers are consistently given the benefit of the scientific doubts about medicine safety and effectiveness, over and above the best interests of patients.; A highly original combination of philosophical rigour, historical sensitivity and empirical depth enables the "black box" of industrial and government science to be opened up to critical scrutiny much more than in previous social scientific study. All major aspects of drug testing and regulation are considered, including pre- clinical animal tests, clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance of adverse drug reactions. The author argues that drug regulators are too dependent on pharmaceutical industry resources and expertise, and too divorced from public accountability. The problem of corporate bias is particularly severe in the UK, where regulatory decisions about medicine safety are shrouded in greater secrecy than in the US.; Since the purpose of drug regulation should be to maximize the safety and effectiveness of medicines for patients, the public needs and deserves policies to counteract corporate bias in drug testing and evaluation. John Abraham's realist analysis provides a robust basis for policy interventions at the institutional and legislative levels. He proposes that corporate bias could be reduced by more extensive freedom of information, greater autonomy of government scientists from pharmaceutical industry, the development of independent drug testing by the regulatory authority, increased patient representation on regulatory committees, and more frequent and thorough oversight of regulatory performance by the legislature. This book should be of interest to anyone who cares about how medicines should be controlled in modern society. It should prove particularly rewarding for students and researchers in the sociology of science and technology, science and medicines policy, medical sociologists, the medical and pharmaceutical professions, and consumer organizations.

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201

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Taylor & Francis

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ISBN 10

1000951308

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9781000951301

American Hegemony and the Postwar Reconstruction of Science in Europe

By: John Krige

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American Hegemony and the Postwar Reconstruction of Science in Europe

By: John Krige

In 1945, the United States was not only the strongest economic and military power in the world; it was also the world's leader in science and technology. In American Hegemony and the Postwar Reconstruction of Science in Europe, John Krige describes the efforts of influential figures in the United States to model postwar scientific practices and institutions in Western Europe on those in America. They mobilized political and financial support to promote not just America's scientific and technological agendas in Western Europe but its Cold War political and ideological agendas as well. Drawing on the work of diplomatic and cultural historians, Krige argues that this attempt at scientific dominance by the United States can be seen as a form of "consensual hegemony," involving the collaboration of influential local elites who shared American values. He uses this notion to analyze a series of case studies that describe how the U.S. administration, senior officers in the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations, the NATO Science Committee, and influential members of the scientific establishment—notably Isidor I. Rabi of Columbia University and Vannevar Bush of MIT—tried to Americanize scientific practices in such fields as physics, molecular biology, and operations research. He details U.S. support for institutions including CERN, the Niels Bohr Institute, the French CNRS and its laboratories at Gif near Paris, and the never-established "European MIT." Krige's study shows how consensual hegemony in science not only served the interests of postwar European reconstruction but became another way of maintaining American leadership and "making the world safe for democracy.

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389

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MIT Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0262263416

ISBN 13

9780262263412

How We Teach Science

What’s Changed, and Why It Matters

By: John L. Rudolph

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How We Teach Science

What’s Changed, and Why It Matters

By: John L. Rudolph

A former Wisconsin high school science teacher makes the case that how and why we teach science matters, especially now that its legitimacy is under attack. Why teach science? The answer to that question will determine how it is taught. Yet despite the enduring belief in this country that science should be taught, there has been no enduring consensus about how or why. This is especially true when it comes to teaching scientific process. Nearly all of the basic knowledge we have about the world is rock solid. The science we teach in high schools in particular—laws of motion, the structure of the atom, cell division, DNA replication, the universal speed limit of light—is accepted as the way nature works. Everyone also agrees that students and the public more generally should understand the methods used to gain this knowledge. But what exactly is the scientific method? Ever since the late 1800s, scientists and science educators have grappled with that question. Through the years, they’ve advanced an assortment of strategies, ranging from “the laboratory method” to the “five-step method” to “science as inquiry” to no method at all. How We Teach Science reveals that each strategy was influenced by the intellectual, cultural, and political circumstances of the time. In some eras, learning about experimentation and scientific inquiry was seen to contribute to an individual’s intellectual and moral improvement, while in others it was viewed as a way to minimize public interference in institutional science. John Rudolph shows that how we think about and teach science will either sustain or thwart future innovation, and ultimately determine how science is perceived and received by the public.

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321

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Harvard University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0674240383

ISBN 13

9780674240384

Knowing Everything about Nothing

Specialization and Change in Research Careers

By: John M. Ziman

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Knowing Everything about Nothing

Specialization and Change in Research Careers

By: John M. Ziman

In this book John Ziman seeks the answers to crucial questions facing scientists who need to change the direction of their careers.

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218

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Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0521323851

ISBN 13

9780521323857

People of Faith

Religious Conviction in American Journalism and Higher Education

By: John Schmalzbauer

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People of Faith

Religious Conviction in American Journalism and Higher Education

By: John Schmalzbauer

Over the past two decades, a host of critics have accused American journalism and higher education of being indifferent, even openly hostile, to religious concerns. These professions, more than any others, are said to drive a wedge between facts and values, faith and knowledge, the sacred and the secular. However, a growing number of observers are calling attention to a religious resurgence—journalists are covering religion more frequently and religious scholars in academia are increasingly visible.John Schmalzbauer provides a compelling investigation of the role of Catholic and evangelical Protestant beliefs in the newsroom and the classroom. His interviews with forty prominent journalists and academics reveal how some people of faith seek to preserve their religious identities in purportedly secular professions. What impact, he asks, does their Christianity have on their jobs? What is the place of personal religious conviction in professional life? Individuals featured include the journalists Fred Barnes, Cokie Roberts, Peter Steinfels, Cal Thomas, and Kenneth Woodward, and the scholars John DiIulio, Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Andrew Greeley, George Marsden, and Mark Noll.Some of the journalists and academics with whom Schmalzbauer spoke qualified displays of personal religious belief with reminders of their own professional credibility, drawing a line between advocacy and objectivity. Schmalzbauer highlights the persistent tensions between the worlds of public endeavor and private belief, yet he maintains there is room for faith even in professional environments that have tended to prize empiricism and detachment over expressions of personal conviction.

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288

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Cornell University Press

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ISBN 10

1501718355

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9781501718359

Democracy and Public Space

The Physical Sites of Democratic Performance

By: John Parkinson

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Democracy and Public Space

The Physical Sites of Democratic Performance

By: John Parkinson

In an online, interconnected world, democracy is increasingly made up of wikis and blogs, pokes and tweets. Citizens have become accidental journalists thanks to their handheld devices, politicians are increasingly working online, and the traditional sites of democracy - assemblies, public galleries, and plazas - are becoming less and less relevant with every new technology. And yet, this book argues, such views are leading us to confuse the medium with the message, focusing on electronic transmission when often what cyber citizens transmit is pictures and narratives of real democratic action in physical space. Democratic citizens are embodied, take up space, battle over access to physical resources, and perform democracy on physical stages at least as much as they engage with ideas in virtual space. Combining conceptual analysis with interviews and observation in capital cities on every continent, John Parkinson argues that democracy requires physical public space; that some kinds of space are better for performing some democratic roles than others; and that some of the most valuable kinds of space are under attack in developed democracies. He argues that accidental publics like shoppers and lunchtime crowds are increasingly valued over purposive, active publics, over citizens with a point to make or an argument to listen to. This can be seen not just in the way that traditional protest is regulated, but in the ways that ordinary city streets and parks are managed, even in the design of such quintessentially democratic spaces as legislative assemblies. The book offers an alternative vision for democratic public space, and evaluates 11 cities - from London to Tokyo - against that ideal.

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261

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0199214565

ISBN 13

9780199214563

Science in Civil Society

By: John Ziman

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Science in Civil Society

By: John Ziman

These days, science is everywhere. It pervades our whole society. Sometimes it is just a clutter of commonplace frivolities, like new fashion fabrics. Sometimes it miraculously preserves our life, like penicillin. Sometimes, like climate change, it looms over us as a portent of doom: sometimes it promises a way of escape from such a fate. Sometimes, like a nuclear warhead, it enshrouds us in political terror: sometimes, like a verification technology, it offers an antidote to such evils. How should we respond to this ambiguous and ubiquitous thing called science?

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357

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Andrews UK Limited

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ISBN 10

1845405994

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9781845405991

Drifting Continents and Colliding Paradigms

Perspectives on the Geoscience Revolution

By: John A. Stewart

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Drifting Continents and Colliding Paradigms

Perspectives on the Geoscience Revolution

By: John A. Stewart

The book provides an excellent historical summary of the debates over continental drift theory in this century." —Contemporary Sociology "This is a useful discussion of the way that science works. The book will be of value to philosophers of science . . . " —Choice " . . . will find an important place in university and department libraries, and will interest afficionados of the factual and intellectual history of the earth sciences." —Terra Nova " . . . an excellent core analysis . . . " —The Times Higher Education Supplement " . . . an ambitious and important contribution to the new sociology of science." —American Journal of Sociology " . . . Stewart's book is a noble effort, an interesting and readable discussion, and another higher notch on the scoreboard of critical scholarship that deserves wide examination and close attention." —Geophysics This fascinating book describes the rise and fall and rebirth of continental drift theory in this century. It uses the recent revolution in geoscientinsts' beliefs about the earth to examine questions such as, How does scientific knowledge develop and change? The book also explores how well different perspectives help us to understand revolutionary change in science.

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310

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Indiana University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0253354056

ISBN 13

9780253354051

Individuals and Identity in Economics

By: John B. Davis

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Individuals and Identity in Economics

By: John B. Davis

This book examines the different conceptions of the individual that have emerged in recent new approaches in economics, including behavioral economics, experimental economics, social preferences approaches, game theory, neuroeconomics, evolutionary and complexity economics, and the capability approach. These conceptions are classified according to whether they seek to revise the traditional atomist individual conception, put new emphasis on interaction and relations between individuals, account for individuals as evolving and self-organizing, and explain individuals in terms of capabilities. The method of analysis uses two identity criteria for distinguishing and re-identifying individuals to determine whether these different individual conceptions successfully identify individuals. Successful individual conceptions account for sub-personal and supra-personal bounds on single individual explanations. The former concerns the fragmentation of individuals into multiple selves; the latter concerns the dissolution of individuals into the social. The book develops an understanding of bounded individuality, seen as central to the defense of human rights.

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271

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Cambridge University Press

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ISBN 10

1139495461

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9781139495462

Phrenology and the Origins of Victorian Scientific Naturalism

By: John van Wyhe

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Phrenology and the Origins of Victorian Scientific Naturalism

By: John van Wyhe

Through a reassessment of phrenology, Phrenology and the Origins of Victorian Scientific Naturalism sheds light on all kinds of works in Victorian Britain and America which have previously been unnoticed or were simply referred to with a vague 'naturalism of the times' explanation. It is often assumed that the scientific naturalism familiar in late nineteenth century writers such as T.H. Huxley and John Tyndall are the effects of a 'Darwinian revolution' unleashed in 1859 on an unsuspecting world following the publication of The Origin of Species. Yet it can be misleading to view Darwin's work in isolation, without locating it in the context of a well established and vigorous debate concerning scientific naturalism. Throughout the nineteenth century intellectuals and societies had been discussing the relationship between nature and man, and the scientific and religious implications thereof. At the forefront of these debates were the advocates of phrenology, who sought to apply their theories to a wide range of subjects, from medicine and the treatment of the insane, to education, theology and even economic theories. Showing how ideas about naturalism and the doctrine of natural laws were born in the early phrenology controversies in the 1820s, this book charts the spread of such views. It argues that one book in particular, The Constitution of Man in Relation to External Objects (1828) by George Combe, had an enormous influence on scientific thinking and the popularity of the 'naturalistic movement'. The Constitution was one of the best-selling books of the nineteenth century, being published continuously from 1828 to 1899, and selling more than 350,000 copies throughout the world, many times more than Dawin's The Origin of Species. By restoring Combe and his work to centre stage it provides modern scholars with a more accurate picture of the Victorians' view of their place in Nature.

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435

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Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1351911295

ISBN 13

9781351911290

Wicked Problems for Archaeologists

Heritage as Transformative Practice

By: John Schofield

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Wicked Problems for Archaeologists

Heritage as Transformative Practice

By: John Schofield

Wicked Problems' are those problems facing the planet and its inhabitants, present and future, which are hard (if not impossible) to resolve and for which bold, creative, and messy solutions are typically required. The adjective 'wicked' describes the mischievous and even evil quality of these problems, where proposed solutions often turn out to be worse than the symptoms. This wide-ranging and innovative book encourages readers to think about archaeology in an entirely new way, as fresh, relevant, and future-oriented. It examines some of the novel ways that archaeology (alongside cultural heritage practice) can contribute to resolving some of the world's most wicked problems, or global challenges as they are sometimes known. With chapters covering climate change, environmental pollution, health and wellbeing, social injustice, and conflict, the book uses many and diverse examples to explain how, through studying the past and present through an archaeological lens, in ways that are creative, ambitious, and both inter- and transdisciplinary, significant 'small wins' can be achieved. Through these small wins, archaeologists can help to mitigate some of those most pressing of wicked problems, contributing therefore to a safer, healthier, and more stable world.

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360

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0192659375

ISBN 13

9780192659378

Science and the Social Good

Nature, Culture, and Community, 1865-1965

By: John P. Herron

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Science and the Social Good

Nature, Culture, and Community, 1865-1965

By: John P. Herron

Using biographies of three natural scientists--geologist Clarence King, forester Robert Marshall, and biologist Rachel Carson--Science and the Social Good investigates the links between nature's scientific study and social improvement.

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289

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OUP USA

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ISBN 10

0195383540

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9780195383546

What Are Stem Cells?

Definitions at the Intersection of Science and Politics

By: John Alexander Lynch

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What Are Stem Cells?

Definitions at the Intersection of Science and Politics

By: John Alexander Lynch

In recent years political, religious, and scientific communities have engaged in an ethical debate regarding the development of and research on embryonic stem cells. Does the manipulation of embryonic stem cells destroy human life? Or do limitations imposed on stem cell research harm patients who might otherwise benefit? John Lynch’s What Are Stem Cells? identifies the moral stalemate between the rights of the embryo and the rights of the patient and uses it as the framework for a larger discussion about the role of definitions as a key rhetorical strategy in the debate. In the case of stem cells, the controversy arises from the manner in which stem cells are defined--in particular, whether they are defined with an appeal to their original source or to their future application. Definitions such as these, Lynch argues, are far more than convenient expository references; they determine the realities of any given social discourse. Lynch addresses definitions conceptually--their stability in the face of continual technological innovation, their versatility at the crossroads of scientific and public forums, and their translations and retranslations through politics. Most importantly, his work recognizes definitions as central to issues, not only within the topic of stem cell research, but also in all argumentation.

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194

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University of Alabama Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0817317481

ISBN 13

9780817317485

Regulating Medicines in Europe

Competition, Expertise and Public Health

By: John Abraham,Graham Lewis

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Regulating Medicines in Europe

Competition, Expertise and Public Health

By: John Abraham,Graham Lewis

This Book explains and investigates how medicines are controlled in Europe, especially the EU. Based on penetrating documentary and interview research with the pharmaceutical industry, regulators and consumer organisations,it provides the first major critical examination of the new Europeanised systems of medicine regulation. The authors argue that the drive to produce and approve more drugs more quickly for a single European market dominates other considerations, such as improvements in democratic accountability, the independence of regulators and scientific expertise from commercial interests, and drug safety testing and surveillance.

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256

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Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1136295658

ISBN 13

9781136295652

The University in its Place

Social and Cultural Perspectives on the Regional Role of Universities

By: John Brennan,Allan Cochrane,Yann Lebeau,Ruth Williams

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The University in its Place

Social and Cultural Perspectives on the Regional Role of Universities

By: John Brennan,Allan Cochrane,Yann Lebeau,Ruth Williams

This book sets out to understand the significance of geographical context – place – for universities in the globalised setting of the twenty-first century. It examines their social impact on the regions in which they are situated, both from the perspectives of the universities themselves and from the perspectives of a range of different local and regional interest groups. It draws on a national study in the UK which has examined the role played by universities in four contrasting regional contexts. This UK study will be set within the larger theoretical and international literature on the role played by universities in processes of social change and transformation. An important theme of the book is the effects of university activities on various socially disadvantaged groups and consideration is given to whether there are ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ arising from the activities and interventions of universities. The book distinguishes between ‘discourses’, ‘activities’ and their ‘impacts’ in considering the role of universities and emphasises the importance of history and context as important mediators of national and institutional policies. It examines some of the key partnerships which universities enter into within their regions and considers some of the factors which determine the nature of these partnerships. Implications are drawn out for university leaderships and for regional and national policy bodies. The book provides empirical evidence in a field marked by a considerable amount of rhetoric from interested parties. One of the book’s conclusions is that there is considerable diversity among higher education institutions in how they perform a regional role, but it is a significant question for each of them. Institutional variation and regional setting come together to shape what is achievable.

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154

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Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

9402412964

ISBN 13

9789402412963

Aftermath

Readings in the Archaeology of Recent Conflict

By: John Schofield

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Aftermath

Readings in the Archaeology of Recent Conflict

By: John Schofield

Conflict and Battlefield Archaeology is a growing and important field in archaeology, with implications on the state of the world today: how humanity has prepared for, reacted to, and dealt with the consequences of conflict at a national and international level. As the field grows, there is an increasing need for research and development in this area. Written by one of the most prominent scholars in this field of growing interest, "Aftermath", offers a clear and important overview to research in the field. It will become an essential source of information for scholars already involved in conflict archaeology as well as those just starting to explore the field. It offers access to previously hard-to-find but important research.

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224

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Springer Science & Business Media

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ISBN 10

0387885218

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9780387885216

Re-thinking Academic Politics in (Re)unified Germany and the United States

Comparative Academic Politics & the Case of East German Historians

By: John A. Weaver

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Re-thinking Academic Politics in (Re)unified Germany and the United States

Comparative Academic Politics & the Case of East German Historians

By: John A. Weaver

In Rethinking Academic Politics in (Re)Unified Germany andthe United States, Dr. John Weaver uses case studies to engage historical and contemporary issues in academic politics, arguing for the importance of this often-dismissed and much-bemoaned facet of academic work. Dr. Weaver's unique treatment includes discussions of such hotly debated issues as the Enola Gay exhibit, the science debates in the U.S., and the politics of academic evaluations and hiring practices. Rethinking Academic Politics in (Re)Unified Germany and the United States speaks to the interests of students and scholars of international and comparative education, higher education policy and practice, cultural studies, and science studies.

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280

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Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1135613699

ISBN 13

9781135613693

The Romantic Machine

Utopian Science and Technology After Napoleon

By: John Tresch

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The Romantic Machine

Utopian Science and Technology After Napoleon

By: John Tresch

Introduction: Mechanical Romanticism -- DEVICES OF COSMIC UNITY -- Ampère's Experiments: Contours of a Cosmic Cubstance -- Humboldt's Instruments: Even the Tools Will Be Free -- Arago's Daguerreotype: The Labor Theory of Knowledge -- SPECTACLES OF CREATION AND METAMORPHOSIS -- The Devil's Opera: Fantastic Physiospiritualism -- Monsters, Machine-Men, Magicians: The Automaton in the Garden -- ENGINEERS OF ARTIFICIAL PARADISES -- Saint-Simonian Engines: Love and Conversions -- Leroux's Pianotype: The Organogenesis of Humanity -- Comte's Calendar: From Infinite Universe to Closed World -- Conclusion: Afterlives of the Romantic Machine.

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469

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University of Chicago Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0226812200

ISBN 13

9780226812205

The Eclectic Legacy

Academic Philosophy and the Human Sciences in Nineteenth-century France

By: John I. Brooks

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The Eclectic Legacy

Academic Philosophy and the Human Sciences in Nineteenth-century France

By: John I. Brooks

This study offers a new interpretation of the emergence of scientific psychology and sociology in late-nineteenth-century France. Focusing on their relationship with the philosophy taught in the French education system, the author shows the profound impact on the individuals most responsible for the introduction of the human sciences into the French university - particularly Theodule Ribot, Alfred Espinas, Pierre Janet, and Emile Durkheim. Philosophers helped shape the human sciences by their criticisms of conceptual and methodological problems in the emerging disciplines. The human sciences that emerged were less reductionist and more methodologically sound than they would have been without the vigorous debate with philosophy. This influence is the eclectic legacy of academic philosophy to the human sciences in France.

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340

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University of Delaware Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0874136482

ISBN 13

9780874136487

Science and Spectacle

The Work of Jodrell Bank in Postwar British Culture

By: John Agar

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Science and Spectacle

The Work of Jodrell Bank in Postwar British Culture

By: John Agar

Science and Spectacle relates the construction of the telescope to the politics and culture of post-war Britain. From radar and atomic weapons, to the Festival of Britain and, later, Harold Wilson's rhetoric of scientific revolution, science formed a cultural resource from which post-war careers and a national identity could be built. The Jodrell Bank Radio Telescope was once a symbol of British science and a much needed prestigious project for the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, but it also raised questions regarding the proper role of universities as sites for scientific research.

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283

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Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1317743032

ISBN 13

9781317743033

Science, Technology and Global Governance

By: John R. De La Mothe

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Science, Technology and Global Governance

By: John R. De La Mothe

Science, technology and innovation have long been key factors in the competitive advantage of nations. Today, however, the new international political economy is being increasingly driven by science and technology in new ways. Integration, globalization and internationalization have all become watchwords for a series of dynamic processes in which science and technology are deeply implicated. As a result, not only are the policies of national governments being exposed in terms of the limits of their sovereignty, but science and technology are being increasingly implicated in a wide array of public issues - ranging from security, privacy, development and economic growth to employment, environment, foreign policy and geopolitics. Clearly, in today's emerging world, the ways in which governments organize their science and technology policy, their science and technology intelligence, and their research advisory structures and resources matter more today than ever before. In turn, the contract between science and democracy is being rapidly redefined. This book is the first to comprehensively discuss these critical issues.

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260

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Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

131771668X

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9781317716686

Playing God?

Human Genetic Engineering and the Rationalization of Public Bioethical Debate

By: John H. Evans

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Playing God?

Human Genetic Engineering and the Rationalization of Public Bioethical Debate

By: John H. Evans

Technology evolves at a dazzling speed in the field of genetic engineering. The public hasn't had much say in advancements in human genetics. This asks why and explores social forces leading to thinning out of public debate over genetic engineering.

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313

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University of Chicago Press

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ISBN 10

0226222624

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9780226222622

Governed by Affect

Hot Cognition and the End of Cold War Psychology

By: Michael Pettit

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Governed by Affect

Hot Cognition and the End of Cold War Psychology

By: Michael Pettit

Why do ordinary people turn to psychology in the hopes of making themselves healthier, wealthier, and happier? Governed by Affect offers a multi-sited history of psychology and its role in American public life. Focusing on a series of transformations since the 1970s, the book examines the rise of psychology as a health science and the discipline's growing entanglements with public policy inspired new theories of inattentive and unconscious affect, which have come to structure health care, education, the economy, and how we understand ourselves.

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377

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

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0197621856

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9780197621851

Ecological Toxicity Testing

Scale, Complexity, and Relevance

By: John Cairns, Jr.

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Ecological Toxicity Testing

Scale, Complexity, and Relevance

By: John Cairns, Jr.

Ecological Toxicity Testing provides a critical comparison of toxicity tests at different levels of biological organization from cells to landscapes. While ecological toxicity tests can be designed at any of the many levels of complexity and on spatial scales ranging from square millimeters to square kilometers, the uses to which this information can be put often differs with scale. In the past decade, tests at all levels have been refined and subjected to critical evaluations of their predictive accuracy. This text/reference includes evaluations of toxicity test systems at various scales and complexities by expert practitioners. It also offers broader analyses of the effects of scale on endpoint selection, test design and analyses, and chemical sensitivity.

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244

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CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0873715993

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9780873715997

Rethinking the Clinical Gaze

Patient-centred Innovation in Paediatric Neurology

By: John Gardner

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Rethinking the Clinical Gaze

Patient-centred Innovation in Paediatric Neurology

By: John Gardner

This book draws on medical sociology and science and technology studies to develop a novel conceptual framework for understanding innovation processes, using the case study of deep brain stimulation in paediatric neurology. It addresses key questions, including: How are promising and potentially disruptive new health technologies integrated into busy resource-constrained clinical contexts? What activities are involved in establishing a new clinical service? How do social and cultural forces shape these services, and importantly, how are understandings of ‘health’ and ‘illness’ reconfigured in the process? The book explores how the ideals of patient-centred medicine influence innovation in the clinic, and it introduces the concept of patient-centred proto-platforms. It argues that patient-centred innovation can constitute an expansion of medical power, as the clinical gaze is directed not only towards the body but also towards the patient as a social being. This will be an innovative and insightful read for academics and advanced students, as well as health service researchers with an interest in technology adoption processes.

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260

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Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

3319532707

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9783319532707

Of One Mind

The Collectivization of Science

By: John Ziman

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Of One Mind

The Collectivization of Science

By: John Ziman

This superb collection by the eminent physicist and critic John Ziman, opens with an album of portraits of scientists--Albert Einstein, Freeman Dyson, Lev Landau, Mark Azbel, Andrei Sakharov. Ziman takes readers into the world of the contemporary scientist, showing how discoveries are made and how claims are tested. He then travels into the minds of scientists as they are drawn into competing directions. Here Ziman exposes the path of discovery, which is strewn with complex human needs, governmental restrictions, the desire for profits, and the exercise of technical virtuosity.

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460

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Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

1563960656

ISBN 13

9781563960659

Scientific Knowledge

A Sociological Analysis

By: Barry Barnes,David Bloor,John Henry

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Scientific Knowledge

A Sociological Analysis

By: Barry Barnes,David Bloor,John Henry

A systematic account of the importance of sociology for the understanding of scientific knowledge. Applying sociological analysis to specific historical case studies, the work attempts to show how the sociological approach is an essential complement to interpretations of scientific knowledge from other disciplines, and a necessary contribution to obtaining a scientific understanding of science. This book should be of interest to students in the social sciences and the history and philosophy of science, and to academics interested in knowledge, epistemology, the history of ideas and the "new" sociology of science.>

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262

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A&C Black

Published Date

ISBN 10

0485114046

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9780485114041

Descartes-Agonistes

Physico-mathematics, Method & Corpuscular-Mechanism 1618-33

By: John Schuster

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Descartes-Agonistes

Physico-mathematics, Method & Corpuscular-Mechanism 1618-33

By: John Schuster

This book reconstructs key aspects of the early career of Descartes from 1618 to 1633; that is, up through the point of his composing his first system of natural philosophy, Le Monde, in 1629-33. It focuses upon the overlapping and intertwined development of Descartes’ projects in physico-mathematics, analytical mathematics, universal method, and, finally, systematic corpuscular-mechanical natural philosophy. The concern is not simply with the conceptual and technical aspects of these projects; but, with Descartes’ agendas within them and his construction and presentation of his intellectual identity in relation to them. Descartes’ technical projects, agendas and senses of identity shifted over time, entangled and displayed great successes and deep failures, as he morphed from a mathematically competent, Jesuit trained graduate in neo-Scholastic Aristotelianism to aspiring prophet of a systematised corpuscular-mechanism, passing through stages of being a committed physico-mathematicus, advocate of a putative ‘universal mathematics’, and projector of a grand methodological dream. In all three dimensions—projects, agendas and identity concerns—the young Descartes struggled and contended, with himself and with real or virtual peers and competitors, hence the title ‘Descartes-Agonistes’.

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643

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Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

9400747454

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9789400747456

Purgatory Citizenship

Reentry, Race, and Abolition

By: Calvin John Smiley

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Purgatory Citizenship

Reentry, Race, and Abolition

By: Calvin John Smiley

Reentry after release from incarceration is often presented as a story of redemption. Unfortunately, this is not the reality. Those being released must navigate the reentry process with diminished legal rights and amplified social stigmas, in a journey that is often confusing, complex, and precarious. Making use of life-history interviews, focus groups, and ethnographic fieldwork with low-income urban residents of color, primarily Black men, Calvin John Smiley finds that reentry requires the recently released to negotiate a web of disjointed and often contradictory systems that serve as an extension of the carceral system. No longer behind bars but not fully free, the recently released navigate a state of limbo that deprives them of opportunity and support while leaving them locked in a cycle of perpetual punishment. Warning of the dangers of reformist efforts that only serve to further entrench carceral systems, Purgatory Citizenship advocates for abolitionist solutions rooted in the visions of the people most affected.

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239

Publisher

Univ of California Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0520385993

ISBN 13

9780520385993

Insights on Financial Services Regulation

By: John A. Consiglio

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Insights on Financial Services Regulation

By: John A. Consiglio

The debates around financial services regulation are fierce and unending, and with every new development or law, rigid positions seem to grow. In this insightful new book, expert author John A. Consiglio discusses developments in this vital part of the wide world of finance.

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121

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Emerald Group Publishing

Published Date

ISBN 10

1839820667

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9781839820663

Health Law

By: Anne-Maree Farrell,John Devereux,Isabel Karpin,Penelope Weller

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Health Law

By: Anne-Maree Farrell,John Devereux,Isabel Karpin,Penelope Weller

Health Law: Frameworks and Context adopts a theoretically informed and principles-based approach to examining health law. Appealing to students and academic scholars alike, the text moves beyond traditional medical law frameworks to provide a broader contextual understanding of the way in which law intersects with health.

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421

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Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1107455472

ISBN 13

9781107455474

The Secularization of Early Modern England

From Religious Culture to Religious Faith

By: Charles John Sommerville

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The Secularization of Early Modern England

From Religious Culture to Religious Faith

By: Charles John Sommerville

This study overcomes the ambiguity and daunting scale of the subject of secularization by using the insights of anthropology and sociology, and by examining an earlier period than usually considered. Concentrating not only on a decline of religious belief, which is the last aspect of secularization, this study shows that a transformation of England's cultural grammar had to precede that loosening of belief, and that this was largely accomplished between 1500 and 1700. Only when definitions of space and time changed and language and technology were transformed (as well as art and play) could a secular world-view be sustained. As aspects of daily life became divorced from religious values and controls, religious culture was supplanted by religious faith, a reasoned, rather than an unquestioned, belief in the supernatural. Sommerville shows that this process was more political and theological than economic or social.

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238

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Oxford University Press, USA

Published Date

ISBN 10

0195074270

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9780195074277

Inventing Chemistry

Herman Boerhaave and the Reform of the Chemical Arts

By: John C. Powers

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Inventing Chemistry

Herman Boerhaave and the Reform of the Chemical Arts

By: John C. Powers

The story of this little-known Dutch physician “will interest students and practitioners of history, chemistry, and philosophy of science” (Choice). In Inventing Chemistry, historian John C. Powers turns his attention to Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738), a Dutch medical and chemical professor whose work reached a wide, educated audience and became the template for chemical knowledge in the eighteenth century. The primary focus of this study is Boerhaave’s educational philosophy, and Powers traces its development from Boerhaave’s early days as a student in Leiden through his publication of the Elementa chemiae in 1732. Powers reveals how Boerhaave restructured and reinterpreted various practices from diverse chemical traditions (including craft chemistry, Paracelsian medical chemistry, and alchemy), shaping them into a chemical course that conformed to the pedagogical and philosophical norms of Leiden University’s medical faculty. In doing so, Boerhaave gave his chemistry a coherent organizational structure and philosophical foundation, and thus transformed an artisanal practice into an academic discipline. Inventing Chemistry is essential reading for historians of chemistry, medicine, and academic life.

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270

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University of Chicago Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0226677621

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9780226677620

Humane Medicine

By: John Miles Little

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Humane Medicine

By: John Miles Little

This 1995 book examines what it is that doctors do, and what patients expect of them.

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212

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Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0521498635

ISBN 13

9780521498630

The SAGE Handbook of Geographical Knowledge

By: John A Agnew,David N Livingstone

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The SAGE Handbook of Geographical Knowledge

By: John A Agnew,David N Livingstone

Broad in scope and edited by two massive names in geography, this is a critical exploration of how the field has emerged and fared over the course of its modern institutionalization.

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657

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SAGE Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

1412910811

ISBN 13

9781412910811

Genomes and What to Make of Them

By: Barry Barnes,John Dupre

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Genomes and What to Make of Them

By: Barry Barnes,John Dupre

The announcement in 2003 that the Human Genome Project had completed its map of the entire human genome was heralded as a stunning scientific breakthrough: our first full picture of the basic building blocks of human life. Since then, boasts about the benefits - and warnings of the dangers - of genomics have remained front-page news, with everyo...

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506

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ReadHowYouWant.com

Published Date

ISBN 10

1459605934

ISBN 13

9781459605930

Astounding Wonder

Imagining Science and Science Fiction in Interwar America

By: John Cheng

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Astounding Wonder

Imagining Science and Science Fiction in Interwar America

By: John Cheng

When physicist Robert Goddard, whose career was inspired by H. G. Wells's War of the Worlds, published "A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes," the response was electric. Newspaper headlines across the country announced, "Modern Jules Verne Invents Rocket to Reach Moon," while people from around the world, including two World War I pilots, volunteered as pioneers in space exploration. Though premature (Goddard's rocket, alas, was only imagined), the episode demonstrated not only science's general popularity but also its intersection with interwar popular and commercial culture. In that intersection, the stories that inspired Goddard and others became a recognizable genre: science fiction. Astounding Wonder explores science fiction's emergence in the era's "pulps," colorful magazines that shouted from the newsstands, attracting an extraordinarily loyal and active audience. Pulps invited readers not only to read science fiction but also to participate in it, joining writers and editors in celebrating a collective wonder for and investment in the potential of science. But in conjuring fantastic machines, travel across time and space, unexplored worlds, and alien foes, science fiction offered more than rousing adventure and romance. It also assuaged contemporary concerns about nation, gender, race, authority, ability, and progress—about the place of ordinary individuals within modern science and society—in the process freeing readers to debate scientific theories and implications separate from such concerns. Readers similarly sought to establish their worth and place outside the pulps. Organizing clubs and conventions and producing their own magazines, some expanded science fiction's community and created a fan subculture separate from the professional pulp industry. Others formed societies to launch and experiment with rockets. From debating relativity and the use of slang in the future to printing purple fanzines and calculating the speed of spaceships, fans' enthusiastic industry revealed the tensions between popular science and modern science. Even as it inspired readers' imagination and activities, science fiction's participatory ethos sparked debates about amateurs and professionals that divided the worlds of science fiction in the 1930s and after.

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Page Count

402

Publisher

University of Pennsylvania Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0812206673

ISBN 13

9780812206678

Book's by John Gieryn

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