The purpose of migration, regardless of the distance involved, is to exploit two or more environments suitable for survival or reproduction over time, usually on a seasonal basis. Yet individual organisms can practice the phenomenon differently, and birds deploy unique patterns of movement over particular segments of time. Incorporating the latest research on bird migration, this concise, critical assessment offers contemporary readers a firm grasp of what defines an avian migrant, how the organism came to be, what is known about its behavior, and how we can resolve its enduring mysteries. John H. Rappole's sophisticated survey of field data clarifies key ecological, biological, physiological, navigational, and evolutionary concerns. He begins with the very first migrants, who traded a home environment of greater stability for one of greater seasonality, and uses the structure of the annual cycle to examine the difference between migratory birds and their resident counterparts. He ultimately connects these differences to evolutionary milestones that have shaped a migrant lifestyle through natural selection. Rather than catalogue and describe various aspects of bird migration, Rappole considers how the avian migrant fits within a larger ecological frame, enabling a richer understanding of the phenomenon and its critical role in sustaining a hospitable and productive environment. Rappole concludes with a focus on population biology and conservation across time periods, considering the link between bird migration and the spread of disease among birds and humans, and the effects of global warming on migrant breeding ranges, reaction norms, and macroecology.
This dedicated volume of the Journal of the British Archaeological Association draws together ten papers which, collectively, explore something of the art and architecture, styles and uses, of the medieval cloister in England and Wales. Contributors consider the continental context, cloisters in English palaces, Benedictine and Augustinian cloister arcades in the 12th and 13th centuries, architecture and meaning in Cistercian east ranges, late medieval vaulted cloisters in the West Country, cloisters at the cathedrals of Old Sarum, Canterbury, and Lincoln, and assess the extent to which the cloister bosses at Norwich cathedral priory reflect contemporary religious politics. The volume also contains an extended consideration and gazetteer of all Cistercian cloisters in England and Wales.
This issue of Endocrinology Clinics brings the reader up do date on the current standards and important advances in insulin therapy. The following clinical topics are discussed: types of insulins, including new insulins; goals of therapy; pathophysiology of, and insulin treatment in type1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus; pumps and glucose sensors; alternative insulin delivery; patient and provider insulin resistance; inpatient insulin therapy; insulin therapy in pregnancy; and pediatric insulin therapy.
This book collects seventeen previously published essays by John Armstrong concerning the British coastal trade. Armstrong is a leading maritime historian and the essays provided here offer a thorough exploration of the British coastal trade, his specialisation, during the period of industrialisation and technological development that would lead to modern shipping. The purpose is to demonstrate the whether or not the coastal trade was the main carrier of internal trade and a pioneer of the technical developments that modernised the shipping industry. Each essay makes an original contribution to the field and covers a broad range of topics, including the fluctuating importance of the coastal trade and size of the coastal fleet over time; the relationship between coastal shipping, canals, and railways; a comparison between the coastal liner and coastal tramp trade; the significance of the river Thames in enabling trade; coastal trade economics; maritime freight rates; the early twentieth century shipping depression; competition between coastal liner companies; and a detailed study of the role of the government in coastal shipping. The book also contains case studies of the London coal trade; coastal trade through the River Dee port; and the Liverpool-Hull trade route. It contains a foreword, introduction, and bibliography of Armstrong’s writings. There is no overall conclusion, except the assertion that coastal shipping plays a tremendous role in British maritime history, and a call for further research into the field.
Though the book is primarily about medieval towns in Britain, many parallels are drawn with contemporary towns and cities all over Europe, from Ireland to Russia and from Scandinavia to Italy. It is written in the belief that medieval urban archaeology should be a Europe-wide study, as are the fields of architecture and urban history."--BOOK JACKET.
The book examines the extent to which the sustained population growth of Australia’s heartland regional centres has come at the expense of demographic decline in their own hinterlands, and, ultimately, of their entire regions. It presents a longitudinal study, over the period 1947-2011, of the extensive functional regions centred on six rapidly growing non-metropolitan cities in south-eastern Australia, emphasising rapid change since 1981. The selected cities are dominantly service centres in either inland or remote coastal agricultural settings. The book shows how intensified age-specific migration and structural ageing arising from macro-economic reforms in the 1980s fundamentally changed the economic and demographic landscapes of the case study regions. It traces the demographic consequences of the change from a relative balance between central city, minor urban centres and dispersed rural population within each functional region in 1947, to one of extreme central city dominance by 2011, and examines the long-term implications of these changes for regional policy. The book constitutes the first in-depth longitudinal study over the entire post-WWII period of a varied group of Australian regional cities and their hinterlands, defined in terms of functional regions. It employs a novel set of indices which combine numerical and visual expression to measure the structural ageing process.
Suburban sprawl has been the prevailing feature—and double-edged sword—of metropolitan America's growth and development since 1945. The construction of homes, businesses, and highways that were signs of the nation's economic prosperity also eroded the presence of agriculture and polluted the environment. This in turn provoked fierce activism from an array of local, state, and national environmental groups seeking to influence planning and policy. Many places can lay claim to these twin legacies of sprawl and the attendant efforts to curb its impact, but, according to John H. Spiers, metropolitan Washington, D.C., in particular, laid the foundations for a smart growth movement that blossomed in the late twentieth century. In Smarter Growth, Spiers argues that civic and social activists played a key role in pushing state and local officials to address the environmental and fiscal costs of growth. Drawing on case studies including the Potomac River's cleanup, local development projects, and agricultural preservation, he identifies two periods of heightened environmental consciousness in the early to mid-1970s and the late 1990s that resulted in stronger development regulations and land preservation across much of metropolitan Washington. Smarter Growth offers a fresh understanding of environmental politics in metropolitan America, giving careful attention to the differences between rural, suburban, and urban communities and demonstrating how public officials and their constituents engaged in an ongoing dialogue that positioned environmental protection as an increasingly important facet of metropolitan development over the past four decades. It reveals that federal policies were only one part of a larger decision-making process—and not always for the benefit of the environment. Finally, it underscores the continued importance of grassroots activists for pursuing growth that is environmentally, fiscally, and socially equitable—in a word, smarter.
The Comedy Way is a 30.5 mile (49 km) semi-circular walk around Morecambe Bay starting from the market town of Ulverston in Cumbria and ending in the Lancashire sea-side town of Morecambe. The area covered by the walk has the finest coastal scenery in north-west England and is exceptionally rich in plant, bird and animal life. Several nature reserves including the internationally famous RSPB Leighton Moss fall within the ambit of the walk. The Comedy Way celebrates two of the greatest comic duos of the 20th-century, Laurel and Hardy and Morecambe and Wise. Stan Laurel was born in Ulverston and in the central square of the town stands a statue immortalising the comic genius of the actor and his slapstick partner. The much loved comedian, Eric Morecambe, was born in the town that provided his stage name. Located on the central promenade in Morecambe with its bay and the Lakeland hills forming a stunning backdrop stands a larger-than-life statue depicting the comedian in one of his characteristic poses. The Comedy Way is book-ended by these two evocative memorials to the world of comedy. The guidebook provides clear easy to follow route directions supported by 14 maps dedicated to route navigation as well as a wealth of practical information and safety advice. Features of historical and archaeological interest along the route are highlighted and captured by 54 colour photographs. Accommodation is plentiful along the route thus making this an ideal walk for those new to medium to long distance walking. Even experienced walkers looking for a new trail, one that can be completed in two or three days, will find The Comedy Way an interesting and altogether delightful walk.
Adelaide Victoria Arnold was a popular English novelist who between 1911 and 1928 published 10 works of supernatural fiction. Of these 10 works, 3 were set in the English Lake counties and touched upon a wide spectrum of challenging subjects - human trafficking of black slaves; the Liverpool-West Indies Slave Trade; shell-shock; gender imbalance in the aftermath of the First World War; a woman's all-consuming posthumous love for a soldier who died during the Battle of Somme in France that she is fated to take her own life in tragic circumstances; the sacred doctrine of karma. The book provides a short abridgement of the three novels set in the English Lake District. Insightful information of a biographical, historical and geographical nature are included within the narrative which is supported by 49 photographs and images.
From the impact of the first monasteries in the seventh century, to the emergence of the local parochial system five hundred years later, the Church was a force for change in Anglo-Saxon society. It shaped culture and ideas, social and economic behaviour, and the organization of landscape and settlement. This book traces how the widespread foundation of monastic sites ('minsters') during c.670-730 gave the recently pagan English new ways of living, of exploiting their resources, and of absorbing European culture, as well as opening new spiritual and intellectual horizons. Through the era of Viking wars, and the tenth-century reconstruction of political and economic life, the minsters gradually lost their wealth, their independence, and their role as sites of high culture, but grew in stature as foci of local society and eventually towns. After 950, with the increasing prominence of manors, manor-houses, and village communities, a new and much larger category of small churches were founded, endowed, and rebuilt: the parish churches of the emergent eleventh- and twelfth-century local parochial system. In this innovative study, John Blair brings together written, topographical, and archaeological evidence to build a multi-dimensional picture of what local churches and local communities meant to each other in early England.
This book is drawn from a three-year participatory research project with four communities in British Columbia: two municipalities and two Aboriginal communities. It examines historical and contemporary forces of restructuring, linking the development of rural communities with the legacy of resource development and Aboriginal marginalization across the province. The book then presents the theoretical and practical dynamics of the community economic development (CED) process and outlines a variety of strategies communities can initiate to diversify their local economies. Second Growth shows that sound theoretical frameworks and tested best practices are important tools in facilitating the prospects for a second growth in rural and small-town communities.
The fourteen papers collected in this volume explore the medieval art, architecture and archaeology of King's Lynn and the Fens. They arise out of the Association's 2005 conference, and reflect its concern to engage with a broad range of monuments and themes, rather than focusing on a single major building. Within King's Lynn contributors consider the superb 14th-century enamelled drinking vessel popularly known as 'King John's Cup', the former Hanseatic 'Steelyard', the Red Mount Chapel, and the oak furnishings of the chapel of St Nicholas, while the pine standard chest from St Margaret's church is assessed in terms of the importation and distribution of similar chest across England as a whole.Outside King's Lynn there are articles on the historical manipulation of landscapes and buildings at Kirkstead, the 13th-century architecture and sculpture of Croyland Abbey, the 14th-century parish church of St Mary at Snettisham, the tomb of Sir Humphrey de Littlebury at All Saints, Holbeach, the overlooked medieval wall paintings in the Prior's Chapel at Castle Acre, and the late medieval stained glass at Wiggenhall St Mary Magdalen. Finally, there are three papers that look at particular aspects of the ways in which parish churches were financed, embellished and used across the region - in terms of late-12th and early-13th-century patronage, their 12th-century deployment of architectural sculpture, and the types and arrangements of choir stalls that appeared at a parochial level during the later Middle Ages.
The late medieval English milling industry epitomizes one of the most important technical achievements of early societies: the exploitation of wind, water and muscle power for augmenting human endeavours. Through a computerized analysis of the number and variety of mills in England from 1300 to 1540, as well as the technology, practices and personnel sustaining them, Langdon reveals the structural evolution of the milling industry, highlighting both its accomplishments and its limitations. Although it focuses on England during the later middle ages, the book's innovative methodologies and original findings will furnish useful comparative material for all scholars investigating pre-industrial societies. It also offers a challenging new perspective on the later middle ages as a time of change, in addition to providing enthusiasts of old technologies generally with a wealth of detail about one of the most recognizable and enduring features of medieval society.
DIVThis mesmerizing story of playwright and author Joe Orton’s brief and remarkable life was named book of the year by Truman Capote and Nobel Prize–winning novelist Patrick White /divDIV Told with precision and extensive detail, Prick Up Your Ears is the engrossing biography of playwright and novelist Joe Orton. Orton’s public career spanned only three years (1964–1967), but his work made a lasting mark on the international stage. From Entertaining Mr. Sloane to his career-making Loot, Orton’s plays often shocked, sometimes outraged, and always captivated audiences with their dark yet farcical cynicism. A rising star and undeniable talent, Orton left much undone when he was bludgeoned to death by his lover, Kenneth Halliwell, who had educated Orton and also dreamed of becoming a famous writer. /divDIV /divDIVPrick Up Your Ears was the basis for the distinguished 1987 film of the same name, directed by Stephen Frears, with a screenplay by Alan Bennett, and starring Gary Oldman and Vanessa Redgrave. A brilliant, page-turning examination of the dueling forces behind Orton’s work, Prick Up Your Ears secured the playwright’s reputation as a great twentieth-century artist./div
With the increasing incidence of Type 2 diabetes in the adult population and the realization that this is a vascular disease and a major coronary risk factor, Professor Betteridge has chosen fifty diabetologists to contribute a case which has had an effect on their clinical practice. Both Types 1 and 2 diabetes are included, along with other forms of diabetes, eg gestational. Each case is presented in the same format. The various cases are informative and educational and should provide the reader with a sounder knowledge of patient and disease types.
Lincolnshire is incredibly rich in medieval churches from Saxon times onwards, many of them still little known. Lincoln Cathedral is justly famous, and second only to Durham in the grandeur of its setting. The prosperous years from the Middle Ages though to the eighteenth century have left a splendid legacy in the great town churches of Boston and Louth, in the innumerable village churches of the south of the county, the delightful manor houses (such as Tennyson's Somersby) and the Georgian town houses and coaching inns of Boston and Grantham, of Lincoln and Louth, and above all of Stamford. Monuments to industry include the vast maltings at Sleaford, the soaring dock tower of Grimsby, and an abundance of windmills.
This story of The Author's unconventional lifestyle gives valuable lessons to the many people who leave school and University with no plans for their careers, and are just content to be buffetted along life's highways, waiting for the miracle which will never happen. For the many people who have probably wasted their time at school and University, it is never too late to take charge of their life by positive thinking. Henry Ford was 40 years old when he formed the Ford Motor Company . John Eaton was 26 years old when he decided to throw off the shackles of a comfortable and conventional career as a Design Engineer and ventured into the world of Show Business by opening up a closed down Dance hall. The newfound exctasy of being in charge of his own destiny drove him on to success in other business ventures and a period on the fringes of The Political Scene where he came into contact with Members Of The Cabinet. In addition, the detailed descriptions of of life during his childhood provide an intriguing insight into a way of life which has now become history and will fascinate readers who are accustomed to everyday use of Telephones,TVs, Computers and Motor Vehicles. The lessons learned by The Author about the complexities of human nature, as he navigated through The University Of Life, are well illustrated and invaluable to the reader who wants to "Make Life Happen" rather than let it wash over him. If this book can upgrade the chances of success in a career or improve the quality of life of a reader,then his work will not have been in vain.
This story of The Authors unconventional lifestyle gives valuable lessons to the many people who leave school and University with no plans for their careers, and are just content to be buffetted along lifes highways, waiting for the miracle which will never happen. For the many people who have probably wasted their time at school and University, it is never too late to take charge of their life by positive thinking. Henry Ford was 40 years old when he formed the Ford Motor Company. John Eaton was 26 years old when he decided to throw off the shackles of a comfortable and conventional career as a Design Engineer and ventured into the world of Show Business by opening up a closed down Dance hall. The newfound exctasy of being in charge of his own destiny drove him on to success in other business ventures and a period on the fringes of The Political Scene where he came into contact with Members Of The Cabinet. In addition, the detailed descriptions of life during his childhood provide an intriguing insight into a way of life which has now become history and will fascinate readers who are accustomed to everyday use of Telephones, TVs, Computers and Motor Vehicles. The lessons learned by The Author about the complexities of human nature, as he navigated through The University Of Life, are well illustrated and invaluable to the reader who wants to Make Life Happen rather than let it wash over him. If this book can upgrade the chances of success in a career or improve the quality of life of a reader, then his work will not have been in vain.
Birds have and continue to fascinate scientists and the general public. While the avian respiratory system has unremittingly been investigated for nearly five centuries, important aspects on its biology remain cryptic and controversial. In this book, resolving some of the contentious issues, developmental-, structural- and functional aspects of the avian lung-air sac system are particularized: it endeavors to answer following fundamental questions on the biology of birds: how, when and why did birds become what they are? Flight is a unique form of locomotion. It considerably shaped the form and the essence of birds as animals. An exceptionally efficient respiratory system capacitated birds to procure the exceptionally large quantities of oxygen needed for powered (active) flight. Among the extant air-breathing vertebrates, comprising ~11,000 species, birds are the most species-rich-, numerically abundant- and extensively distributed animal taxon. After realizing volancy, they easily overcame geographical obstacles and extensively dispersed into various ecological niches where they underwent remarkable adaptive radiation. While the external morphology of birds is inconceivably uniform for such a considerably speciose taxon, contingent on among other attributes, lifestyle, habitat and phylogenetic level of development have foremost determined the novelties that are displayed by diverse species of birds. Here, critical synthesizes of the most recent findings with the historical ones, evolution and behavior and development, structure and function of the exceptionally elaborate respiratory system of birds are detailed. The prominence of modern birds as a taxon in the Animal Kingdom is underscored. The book should appeal to researchers who are interested in evolutionary processes and how adaptive specializations correlate with biological physiognomies and exigencies, comparative biologists who focus on how various animals have solved respiratory pressures, people who study respiration in birds and other animals and ornithologists who love and enjoy birds for what they are – profoundly interesting animals.
Since the publication of the first edition of this successful and popular book in 1970, the subject of lipid biochemistry has evolved greatly and this fifth up-to-date and comprehensive edition includes much new and exciting information. Lipid Biochemistry, fifth edition has been largely re-written in a user-friendly way, with chapters containing special interest topic boxes, summary points and lists of suggested reading, further enhancing the accessibility and readability of this excellent text. Contents include abbreviations and definitions used in the study of lipids, routine analytical methods, fatty acid structure and metabolism, dietary lipids and lipids as energy stores, lipid transport, lipids in cellular structures and the metabolism of structural lipids. The book provides a most comprehensive treatment of the subject, making it essential reading for all those working with or studying lipids. Upper level students of biochemistry, biology, clinical subjects, nutrition and food science will find the contents of this book invaluable as a study aid, as will postgraduates specializing in the topics covered in the book. Professionals working in research in academia and industry, including personnel involved in food and nutrition research, new product formulation, special diet formulation (including nutraceuticals and functional foods) and other clinical aspects will find a vast wealth of information within the book's pages. Michael Gurr was a Visiting Professor in Human Nutrition at the University of Reading, UK and at Oxford Brookes University, UK. John Harwood is a Professor of Biochemistry at the School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK. Keith Frayn is a Professor of Human Metabolism at the Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK.
In the preceding 25 years to this book’s publication in 1985 there was an extensive and unprecedented burst of archaeological activity in evidence from below-ground deposits, above-ground structures, and artefacts. During the boom of the late 1960s and 1970s, which led to go much central town redevelopment, it was buried remains which yielded the most dramatic information. In the recession of the 1980s it was realised that upstanding remains had a lot to offer as well and they were being subject to ever more sophisticated study techniques. This book examines those recent developments in archaeology and assesses their bearing on the study of medieval English and Welsh history. Taking a series of important themes such as government, religion and the countryside, the book offers a chronological approach from the coming of the Vikings, 850 AD, to the Reformation in 1530. This approach focuses on the impact of man on the urban and rural landscape. An important text for students of ancient history.
A distinguished team offer views on various controversies surrounding lipids and lipoproteins, including the management of special patient groups and the benefits of lipid lowering in the secondary prevention of heart disease
Shortlisted for the Wolfson History Prize A radical rethinking of the Anglo-Saxon world that draws on the latest archaeological discoveries This beautifully illustrated book draws on the latest archaeological discoveries to present a radical reappraisal of the Anglo-Saxon built environment and its inhabitants. John Blair, one of the world's leading experts on this transformative era in England's early history, explains the origins of towns, manor houses, and castles in a completely new way, and sheds new light on the important functions of buildings and settlements in shaping people's lives during the age of the Venerable Bede and King Alfred. Building Anglo-Saxon England demonstrates how hundreds of recent excavations enable us to grasp for the first time how regionally diverse the built environment of the Anglo-Saxons truly was. Blair identifies a zone of eastern England with access to the North Sea whose economy, prosperity, and timber buildings had more in common with the Low Countries and Scandinavia than the rest of England. The origins of villages and their field systems emerge with a new clarity, as does the royal administrative organization of the kingdom of Mercia, which dominated central England for two centuries. Featuring a wealth of color illustrations throughout, Building Anglo-Saxon England explores how the natural landscape was modified to accommodate human activity, and how many settlements--secular and religious—were laid out with geometrical precision by specialist surveyors. The book also shows how the Anglo-Saxon love of elegant and intricate decoration is reflected in the construction of the living environment, which in some ways was more sophisticated than it would become after the Norman Conquest.
A globalization process epitomised by historically large cross-border population movements with rapidly improving networking and communication technologies, has resulted in the growth of ethnic diversity across newly industrialised economies. Instead of adapting to a dominant, host country culture, many ethnic minorities seek to preserve their identities, both as diasporic communities and within their adopted countries. For marketers it has been recognised as crucial to understand the unique needs of these individuals and to develop superior marketing strategies that meet their preferences. Ethnic Marketing shows the rich opportunities that ethnic minority communities have to offer, as well as offering instruction on the design and implementation of effective social and business marketing strategies. The text offers practical guidance on assessing the needs of individual ethnic communities and a guide to marketing to these communities within various countries. Since the publication of Pires' and Stanton's 2005 book there has been continuing changes in the political, social and economic environment in many countries which have growing ethnic minorities. Incorporating new research across disciplines on the marketing relevance of ethnic minorities, this book also integrates contributions and excerpts from in-depth interviews conducted with leading marketing experts, whose views and insights stimulate discussion and result in in an invaluable guide to best practice in ethnic marketing across the world, plus expert insights into the future of this dynamic area. This is an excellent resource for researchers and advanced marketing students taking both postgraduate and undergraduate courses in marketing management or strategy, as well as government, marketing practitioners and businesses seeking ways to reach ethnic communities.
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