Until the mid-1950s nearly all the waters lying between the far-flung islands of the Indonesian archipelago were as open to the ships of all nations as the waters of the great oceans. In order to enhance its failing sovereign grasp over the nation, as well as to deter perceived external threats to Indonesia’s national integrity, in 1957 the Indonesian government declared that it had “absolute sovereignty” over all the waters lying within straight baselines drawn between the outermost islands of Indonesia. At a single step, Indonesia had asserted its dominion over a vast swathe of what had hitherto been seas open to all, and made its lands and the seas it now claimed a single unified entity for the first time. International outrage and alarm ensued, expressed especially by the great maritime nations. Nevertheless, despite its low international profile, its relative poverty, and its often frail state capacity, Indonesia eventually succeeded in gaining international recognition for its claim when, in 1982, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea formally recognized the existence of a new category of states known as “archipelagic states” and declared that these states had sovereignty over their “archipelagic waters”. Sovereignty and the Sea explains how Indonesia succeeded in its extraordinary claim. At the heart of Indonesia’s archipelagic campaign was a small group of Indonesian diplomats. Largely because of their dogged persistence, negotiating skills, and willingness to make difficult compromises Indonesia became the greatest archipelagic state in the world.
Negotiating a Settlement in Northern Ireland: From Sunningdale to St Andrews uses original material from witness seminars, elite interviews, and archive documents to explore the shape taken by the Irish peace process, and in particular to analyse the manner in which successful stages of this were negotiated. Northern Ireland's Good Friday Agreement of 1998 marked the end a 30-year conflict that had witnessed more than 3,000 deaths, thousands of injuries, catastrophic societal damage, and large-scale economic dislocation. This book traces the roots of the Agreement over the decades, stretching back to the Sunningdale conference of 1973 and extending up to at least the St Andrews Agreement of 2006. It describes the changing relationship between parties to the conflict (nationalist and unionist groups within Northern Ireland, and the Irish and British governments) and identifies three dimensions of significant change: new ways of implementing the concept of sovereignty, growing acceptance of power sharing, and the steady emergence of substantial equality in the socio-economic, cultural, and political domains. As well as placing this in the context of an extensive social science literature, the book innovates by looking at the manner in which those most closely involved understood the process in which they were engaged. The authors reproduce testimonies from witness seminars and interviews involving central actors, including former prime ministers, ministers, senior officials, and political advisors. They conclude that the outcome was shaped by a distinctive interaction between the conscious planning of these elites and changing demographic and political realities that themselves were, in a symbiotic way, consequences of decisions made in earlier years. They also note the extent to which this settlement has come under pressure from new notions of sovereignty implicit in the Brexit process.
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 brings to life the debates that most profoundly shaped American government. As representatives to the convention, students must investigate the ideological arguments behind possible structures for a new government and create a new constitution.
Or, a History of the West Branch Valley of the Susquehanna, Embracing a Full Account of Its Settlement--Trials and Privations Endured by the First Pioneers--Full Accounts of the Indian Wars, Predatory Incursions, Abductions, and Massacres, &C., Together Wi
Or, a History of the West Branch Valley of the Susquehanna, Embracing a Full Account of Its Settlement--Trials and Privations Endured by the First Pioneers--Full Accounts of the Indian Wars, Predatory Incursions, Abductions, and Massacres, &C., Together Wi
Otzinachson, or, a history of the West Branch Valley of the Susquehanna embraces a full account of its settlement--trials and privations endured by the first pioneers--full accounts of the Indian wars, predatory incursions, abductions, and massacres, &c., together with an account of the fair play system, and the trying scenes of the big runaway, interspersed with biographical sketches of some of the leading settlers, families, etc., together with pertinent anecdotes, statistics.
Set in the politically-incorrect early 1960s, Veterans of Foreign Whores recounts the experiences of teenage soldiers and their World War II-era soldier-mentors in the U.S. Army's biggest base of American servicemen abroad, Germany's Kaiserslauternthe GIs' notorious K-Town. Not quite the heroes of the Battle of the Bulge and not yet the dispirited generation of Vietnam, the men of Company C, 25th Signal Battalion string cable across western Germanyas they imbibe the local refreshments, spar with one another and sundry, and make the acquaintance of representatives of the gentler sex. While the Berlin Wall is raised and World War III is narrowly averted with the Soviet Union over Cuba, the innocents abroad wend their way from adolescence to young maturity, maybe no wiser for their experiences but undeniably riper.
Cases and Materials on the Law of the Sea is a thoroughly up-to-date text that will be used both as a classroom course book and as a treatise and reference guide. The text contains engaging teaching materials that systematically introduce law of the sea topics, placing them in the context of important themes about the roles of international law and international legal process. Historical materials of continuing importance appear alongside new materials that address such topics as maritime terrorism and port security, the protection of underwater cultural heritage, marine sanctuaries, deep-sea vent resources, and the operation of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and other new international organizations. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint.
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