The School of Spiritual Science and its individual sections was initiated by Rudolf Steiner at the Christmas Conference (1923-1924). His intention, in his own words, was to present "the esoteric aspect." It was to have three classes, though only the First Class was instituted before Steiner's death in 1925. Recently, the written records on which the teaching of the First Class is based have been published in both German and English, which has given rise to a number of questions. Consequently, the council of the General Anthroposophical Society in Dornach, Switzerland, commissioned Johannes Kiersch to write a history of this unique organization. The result is an overview of the First Class and its development, from the early esotericism developed by Rudolf Steiner while still connected with the Theosophical Society, to the period following World War II. The author provides individual commentaries on the first "mediators" of the school, including Lili Kolisko, Harry Collison, and Count Polzer-Hoditz. The book also presents some thirty-seven original documents in an extensive appendix, which features personal notes, letters, and speeches connected with the Esoteric School. A History of the School of Spiritual Science presents a balanced history of the birth and development of the First Class and its struggles through the controversial splits and conflicts that followed Steiner's death. As Kiersch states, "The aim has been, above all, to come as close as possible to the sources and offer historical material for individuals to form their own opinion.
Presenting a thorough analysis of the Dutch participation in the transatlantic slave trade, this book is based upon extensive research in Dutch archives. The book examines the whole range of Dutch involvement in the Atlantic slave trade from the beginning of the 1600s to the nineteenth century.
In recounting their migration journey, references to nationality pervade the narratives of Zimbabweans in South Africa. Given the challenges many migrants confront based on their nationality, this presents a seeming paradox. This qualitative interview study, conducted with Zimbabwean migrants in two areas of Cape Town—Observatory and Dunoon—aims to elucidate the nuances of national self-descriptions in a demanding environment. Identifying as Zimbabwean serves as a sanctuary and a retreat, where alternative identifications often prove transient; embracing Zimbabweanness fosters an affirmative and positive self-perception, surpassing the limitations of other collective self-descriptions. Rather than pre-emptively characterizing a nationalist demeanour, the articulation of national self-description emerges as a strategic tool to navigate experiences of hostility and discrimination, while also asserting legitimate claims to equal opportunities. In this way, nationality takes a trajectory that diverges from conventional notions of nationality (and the ones of the nation-state or citizenship) as per Northern theory, contributing to alternative conceptualizations within the framework of the Global South.
Repulsed by evil Nazi practices and desiring to create a better world after the devastation of World War II, in 1948 the UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Because of the secular imprint of this text, it has faced a series of challenges from the world’s religions, both when it was crafted and in subsequent political and legal struggles. The book mixes philosophical, legal, and archival arguments to make the point that the language of human rights is a valid one to address the world’s disputes. It updates the rationale used by the early UN visionaries and makes it available to twenty-first-century believers and unbelievers alike. The book shows how the debates that informed the adoption of this pivotal normative international text can be used by scholars to make broad and important policy points.
The long felt absence of a trustworthy critical edition of Philostratus’ Life of Apollonius of Tyana has been remedied by the publication of the new Teubner edition of this text, published in 2022. In the preface to the edition the publication of a companion volume was announced. This book fulfils this promise. After an introduction dealing with the transmission of the text and with Philostratus’ Greek there follows an extensive series of critical notes in which a large number of editorial choices are explained. In these notes much attention is paid both to the morphological and syntactic peculiarities of Greek of the Imperial period in general and to the idiosyncratic syntax employed by Philostratus in particular. The notes deal with every aspect of the text, ranging from the use of particles and word order to moods and tenses, and containing ample discussions of conjectures and interpretations of earlier scholars. This book is an indispensable working tool for scholars using the new Teubner edition of the Life of Apollonius. It also caters for the needs of students of Greek language and literature in general, and especially of those interested in the Second Sophistic and the works of Flavius Philostratus.
The Cradle to Cradle ("C2C") concept is a biomimetic approach that models human industry on nature's processes, viewing materials as nutrients circulating in healthy and safe metabolisms. It seeks to create systems that are not only efficient but also essentially waste free. A growing number of building owners and developers are looking to implement it in their buildings, be it to increase the productivity of their workforce, or to provide a differentiator. The C2C concept is reasonably covered in building construction; however, it is a rather uncharted area in building services, making it difficult for MEP engineers to develop C2C-inspired designs. Arup set out to bridge this gap, establishing how C2C-inspired design would look like in the different MEP disciplines, and researching which systems, products and materials are available in the market to meet the corresponding criteria. The result is a comprehensive guideline that enables MEP engineers to develop a C2C-inspired design. It covers design criteria, system selection, system sizing, design for deconstruction, as well as material and product selection for the main MEP disciplines, and sets out a number of criteria by which the aptness of a design for C2C can be measured.
A huge number of therapeutic studies has been published in rheumatology and clinical immunology. This number grows substantially by the year. As such, it becomes increasingly difficult to keep track of this multitude of studies and the ensuing therapeutic trends. Further to this, a particular study can be referred to in a variety of ways, either as a shortened version of the title or an acronym, adding to the confusion. The book Clinical Trials in Rheumatology provides a summary of the important studies in the field for easy reference. Every study is shown with name, acronym (if in existence), authors, complete citation, study design, results, and summary. An acronym finder is supplied at the beginning of the book. This book is a valuable reference tool for rheumatologists and other clinical specialties, as well as for research scientists interested in immunomodulatory and selected other drug therapies in rheumatologic diseases.
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Messfehlern in Längsschnittdaten. Messfehler können in besonderem Maße die Messung von Übergängen und Veränderungen über die Zeit beeinflussen. Die Messung von Veränderungen ist jedoch einer der Hauptgründe für das Erheben von Längsschnittdaten. Allerdings werden Messfehler in Längsschnittdaten selten analysiert. Durch die Verknüpfung von Paneldaten mit Registerdaten auf der individuellen Ebene werden in dieser Arbeit Messfehler für den Bezug von Arbeitslosengeld II für fünf aufeinanderfolgende Panelwellen untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Messfehler für den Bezug nicht zufällig verteilt sind, sondern mit der Zeit und persönlichen Charakteristiken korrelieren.
Edited and Annotated with Illustrations by J (Johannes) Froebel-Parker, as a Companion to the First Kindergarten: Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel & Baroness Bertha Marie Von Marenholtz-Buelow
Edited and Annotated with Illustrations by J (Johannes) Froebel-Parker, as a Companion to the First Kindergarten: Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel & Baroness Bertha Marie Von Marenholtz-Buelow
In 1900 Denton Jacques Snider wrote about Friedrich (Frederick) Froebel and his life experiences which led to the founding of the first kindergarten. Over a century later, a Froebel family member and author of two children's books about Froebel and kindergarten, expands the publication designed for readers in the Victorian age to make it a timeless reference and tribute to his "Oheim," an ancient German term for maternal uncle. Educators, kindergarten teachers, parents of kindergarten age children and readers interested in German history, will enjoy its notes, explanations and illustrations, never seen by Denton's readership.
The story of the translation of the Bible in America begins with the King James Version. In fact, many Americans thought of the KJV as the foundational text of the Republic, rather than a cultural inheritance from Anglican Britain. In the nineteenth century, however, as new editions of the Greek New Testament appeared, scholars increasingly recognized significant errors and inconsistencies in the KJV. This soon 1ed to the Bible revision movement, whose goal was the uniting of all English-speaking Protestants behind one new, improved version of the Bible. Ironically, as Peter Thuesen shows in this fascinating history, the revision movement in fact resulted in a vast proliferation of English scripture editions and an enduring polarization of American Christians over versions of Holy Writ. The recurrent controversies over Bible translations, he argues, tell us less about the linguistic issues dividing conservatives and liberals than about the theological assumptions they have long held in common.
In this ethnographic study, Johannes Lenhard observes the daily practices, routines and techniques of people who are sleeping rough on the streets of Paris. The book focusses on their survival practises, their short-term desires and hopes, how they earn money through begging, how they choose the best place to sleep at night and what role drugs and alcohol play in their lives. The book also follows people through different institutional settings, including a homeless day centre, a needle exchange, a centre for people with alcohol problems and a homeless shelter.
In this book, basic statistical knowledge is conveyed in an understandable and application-oriented manner. The readers should be enabled to carry out their own empirical evaluations and to understand or critically reflect on existing analyses. The third edition is extended by a detailed chapter on the logic of significance tests. A replication syntax for the statistical program Stata is provided online as supplementary material.
This book focuses on common types of polymers belonging to the class of water soluble polymers. It covers a wide range of applications: food, cosmetic, medical, lithography and ink jet printing, agricultural, wastewater cleaning, and oilfield. The text is arranged according to the chemical constitution of polymers and reviews the developments that have taken place in the last decade. Each chapter follows the same template. A brief introduction to the polymer type is given and previous monographs and reviews dealing with the topic are listed for quick reference. The text continues with monomers, polymerization, fabrication techniques, properties, applications, as well as safety issues. Providing a rather encyclopedic approach to water soluble polymers, the Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics: Presents a listing of suppliers and commercial grades Reviews current patent literature, essential for the engineer developing new products Contains an extensive tradenames index with information that is fairly unique Concludes with an index of acronyms and a general index The Handbook of Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics: Water Soluble Polymers provides a comprehensive reference for chemical engineers and offers advanced students a textbook for use in courses on chemically biased plastics technology and polymer science.
I became intrigued by an excerpt I read in the Pretoria news circa twenty years ago where it was reported that there is a graveyard in a town named Ambala near New Delhi India, which contain the mortal remains of eighteen Boer Prisoners of war. I built the novel around these men. The book is largely based on fact and could not have been written without giving credit to various authors who have written about this war. Both factual and fictional characters and events are intertwined in a sequence captured within the timeline.
Today, large organizations often deploy PMOs as multiple entities with different mandates, functions, and characteristics. Past research efforts have focused almost exclusively on single PMOs. Governance and Communities of PMOs breaks this mold by means of a report of international research with a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates the foundations of project management with social geography and innovation. This report offers a comprehensive survey and discussion of the theory surrounding multiple PMOs. The authors suggest three paradigms: islands, networks, and communities. The Communities of Practice is the newest and most different of the three paradigms, characterized by opportunities and hurdles in current management contexts.
It is often said that effective government requires a concentration of power. If we want our political leaders to adjust public policies to changing economic, social, and political circumstances, we should, in this view, leave our leaders alone: we should put in place electoral procedures that identify a clear winner in each election, and then we should let the winning political party govern without having to cooperate with others. The argument of this book is that this view is mistaken, since it seriously underestimates the ability of political decision makers to overcome democratic paralysis by compensating losers (groups that stand to lose from a reform). Reform capacity - the ability of political decision makers to adopt and implement policy changes that benefit society as a whole - can therefore be achieved in both power-concentration systems (which enable governments to ignore losers) and power-sharing systems (where governments build support for reform by compensating losers). If political decision makers are able to solve the bargaining problems that sometimes complicate negotiations between winners and losers, power-sharing systems have certain advantages over power-concentration systems. The book argues that power sharing can lead to high reform capacity in societies where interest groups are powerful enough to block reforms; the book also argues that power sharing can lead to high reform capacity when reforms have short-term costs and long-term benefits, since power sharing helps to correct some of the short-sightedness that is inherent in democratic policymaking.
This report offers a review of what is known about opportunities and risks of biochar systems in developing countries. Its aim is to fill in critical knowledge gaps between the biochar research community and development practicioners on the ground.
Guide to Practical Use of Chemicals in Refineries and Pipelines delivers a well-rounded collection of content, references, and patents to show all the practical chemical choices available for refinery and pipeline usage, along with their purposes, benefits, and general characteristics. Covering the full spectrum of downstream operations, this reference solves the many problems that engineers and managers currently face, including corrosion, leakage in pipelines, and pretreatment of heavy oil feedstocks, something that is of growing interest with today's unconventional activity. Additional coverage on special refinery additives and justification on why they react the way they do with other chemicals and feedstocks is included, along with a reference list of acronyms and an index of chemicals that will give engineers and managers the opportunity to recognize new chemical solutions that can be used in the downstream industry. - Presents tactics practitioners can use to effectively locate and utilize the right chemical application specific to their refinery or pipeline operation - Includes information on how to safely perform operations with coverage on environmental issues and safety, including waste stream treatment and sulfur removal - Helps readers understand the composition and applications of chemicals used in oil and gas refineries and pipelines, along with where they should be applied, and how their structure interacts when mixed at the refinery
This Handbook gives a comprehensive snapshot of a field at the intersection of mathematics and computer science with applications in physics, engineering and education. Reviews 67 software systems and offers 100 pages on applications in physics, mathematics, computer science, engineering chemistry and education.
Although many studies have been devoted to Augustine's City of God and its most important theme, viz. the antithesis between the civitas Dei and the terrena civitas,until now no consensus has been reached concerning the sources of this doctrine. Was Augustine decisively influenced by Manichaeism, by (Neo)Platonism, the Stoa or Philo, by the Donatist Tyconius? Or should we look in another direction and refer to preceding Christian, Jewish, and especially to archaic Jewish-Christian traditions? This lucidly written books opens with a survey of the research carried out so far on the aim, structure and central theme of the City of God. Chapter 2 analyzes the essentials of Augustine's life, of his City of God, and of his doctrine of the two cities. Making use of one of the recently discovered letters of Augustine in Chapter 3 the author describes the City of God as an apology and as a catechetical work. Chapter 4 provides an investigation into the possible sources of Augustine's doctrine of the two cities in Manichaeism, in (Neo)Platonism, the Stoa and Philo, and in the works of Tyconius. The idea of two antithetical cities proves to be present most clearly in writings in which, closely related to Jewish thinking, archaic Christian concepts occupy an important place. In a final chapter some pertinent remarks are made on Jewish and Jewish-Christian influences on pre-Augustinian Christianity in Africa.
Based on personal knowledge and intimate interviews with his subject, as well as access to W.J. Stein’s archive of letters and documents, Tautz’s biography is a thoroughly-researched and lovingly-detailed study of an exceptional life. Walter Johannes Stein (1891-1957) was one of the original pioneers of anthroposophy. A student of the Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner, Stein met his spiritual teacher whilst studying at Vienna University. After serving in the First World War, Stein was invited by Rudolf Steiner to teach History and Literature at the fledgling Waldorf school in Stuttgart, despite the fact that Stein’s doctorate was in Philosophy and his training in Mathematics and Physics. Through his efforts to master the new disciplines, and with the aid of unconventional methods of research, Stein developed groundbreaking new insights into the story of Parzival and the mystery of the Holy Grail, which led to his seminal book The Ninth Century and the Holy Grail. Tautz describes Stein’s close friendship with Eugen Kolisko, his struggles to help establish the threefold social order, his work as a Goetheanum lecturer, and his eventual estrangement from the Anthroposophical Society following Rudolf Steiner’s death. After journeys of discovery across Europe, Stein landed in London in 1933 – a refugee from the Nazi aggression in Central Europe – where he met his mentor D.N. Dunlop. Dunlop employed him to help establish the first World Power Conference. Based in England for the last 24 years of his life, Stein became a prolific and popular lecturer and the editor of the important anthroposophical journal The Present Age. Long out-of-print, the new edition of this important work is a welcome addition to the growing number of biographies on the founders of anthroposophy.
Despite decades of empirical happiness research, there is still little evidence for the positive effect of economic growth on life satisfaction. This poses a major challenge to welfare economic theory and to normative conceptions of socio-economic development. This book endeavours to explain these findings and to make sense of their ethical implications. While most of the existing literature on empirical happiness research is ultimately interested in understanding how to improve human lives and societal development, the ethical backdrop against which these findings are evaluated is rarely made explicit. In contrast to this, Professor Hirata focuses on the role happiness should play in an ethically founded conception of good development. Taking a development ethics perspective, this book proposes a nuanced conception of happiness that includes both its affective and its normative dimensions and embeds this in a comprehensive conception of good development. The argument is that happiness should not be regarded as the only thing that determines a good life and that good development cannot sensibly be thought of as a matter of maximizing happiness. Happiness should rather be seen as an important indicator for the presence or absence of those concerns that really matter to people: the reasons that give rise to happiness. This book should be of interest to students and researchers of economics, psychology and development studies.
This is the first handbook on zeolites and other microporous materials. It is an up-to-date, highly sophisticated collection of information for those who deal with zeolites in industry or at academic institutions as well as being a guide for newcomers.
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